EP0341415A1 - Verfahren zum galvanischen Abscheiden eines Zink-Nickel-Legierungsüberzuges auf einem Stahlband - Google Patents
Verfahren zum galvanischen Abscheiden eines Zink-Nickel-Legierungsüberzuges auf einem Stahlband Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0341415A1 EP0341415A1 EP89106006A EP89106006A EP0341415A1 EP 0341415 A1 EP0341415 A1 EP 0341415A1 EP 89106006 A EP89106006 A EP 89106006A EP 89106006 A EP89106006 A EP 89106006A EP 0341415 A1 EP0341415 A1 EP 0341415A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- electrolyte
- zinc
- anodes
- chloride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 Ni2+ ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 11
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- IIWMSIPKUVXHOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl hexyl sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)OCC IIWMSIPKUVXHOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UBXAKNTVXQMEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium sulfate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O UBXAKNTVXQMEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/565—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of zinc
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the electrodeposition of a zinc-nickel alloy coating on a steel strip in an electrolyte, which contains Zn2+ and Ni2+ ions, using at least one metal anode at current densities of at least 10 A / dm2, the withdrawn metal content is continuously supplemented.
- titanium anodes coated with platinum metals and / or their oxides are also known.
- the use of coated titanium anodes of this type is expensive, since the noble metal coating is slightly dissolved during the electrolysis and consequently from time to time Time needs to be renewed.
- the precious metal coating can also be rubbed off the titanium by mechanical injuries, which can be caused, for example, by insufficient tension in the steel strip when starting up the system.
- soluble anodes made of zinc, nickel and their alloys include: low metal costs. With electrolytic dissolution with high current densities, however, especially on the nickel anodes, metal flakes form which have to be removed from the electrolyte, since they would impair the quality of the zinc-nickel coatings. In addition, the zinc content of the electrolyte increases due to the chemical dissolution of the zinc anodes.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of demonstrating a method for the electrodeposition of a zinc-nickel alloy coating on a steel strip of the type mentioned at the outset, in which contamination of the electrolyte by foreign metal ions or anode flakes is avoided and which is therefore particularly easy to generate of flawless coatings with high corrosion resistance.
- electrolyte-nickel anodes are used as anodes and in that the most chloride-free electrolyte is used.
- Electrolyte nickel also called cathode nickel, is electrolytically refined, particularly pure, at least 99.5% nickel. Such, non-activated nickel tends to pass in normal electrolytes, which contain no or only a few chloride ions.
- the passivation protects the electrolytic nickel anode faster resolution. It is important that the electrolyte is as chloride-free as possible, since so-called pitting on the anodes causes chloride and thus also tinsel formation.
- chloride ions would accelerate the dissolution of the electrolyte nickel anode.
- the passivation layer does not completely prevent the electrolytic nickel anodes from dissolving, it only slows them down.
- electrolytic nickel anodes have a long service life.
- the use of these electrolyte nickel anodes prevents the introduction of disruptive foreign metal ions and also prevents the formation of tinsel.
- the nickel ions slowly released from the electrolyte nickel anodes serve to supplement the metal content in the electrolyte as desired.
- an electrolyte should be used whose chloride content is below 300 mg / l, preferably below 50 mg / l. Such a low chloride content is usually unavoidable under industrial conditions due to contamination of the preparation salts.
- the metal content removed must be continuously supplemented during operation. This is expediently carried out in such a way that the metal content in the electrolyte is supplemented by anodic dissolution of the metals in a separate container by pumping the electrolyte in a circuit from a plating container into the separate container and back, nickel being activated as the anode material by added elements is used.
- the production of a chloride-free electrolyte is similarly quiet.
- Nickel activated with sulfur has proven to be particularly suitable as anode material, nickel being advantageously used which contains about 0.03% sulfur, cf. A.C. Hart "The anodic dissolution of nickel in nickel sulfate / nickel chloride electrolytes", magazine “Metall Design” 4/74, pages 135-139.
- the use of activated nickel in the anodic dissolution of the metals is particularly important in connection with the use of electrolytes that are as free of chloride as possible.
- the prerequisite for carrying out the actual plating process is that the electrolyte is as chloride-free as possible.
- This chloride-free electrolyte dissolves an electrolyte nickel anode only very slowly. While this is advantageous when carrying out the actual plating process, the passivation of the electrolytic nickel anode in anodic dissolution would prove to be unsuitable for supplementing the nickel removed from the electrolyte, because specifically in electrolyte-free or low-chloride electrolytes, the dissolution would prove unsuitable would go far too slowly.
- nickel activated in such electrolytes with sulfur can be dissolved anodically quickly even at high current densities.
- the cathodically deposited zinc and nickel are supplemented by chemical dissolution of zinc oxide or zinc carbonate and nickel carbonate in a separate container in the bypass. Since already small Foreign metal impurities such as lead, cadmium, copper, arsenic and antimony can impair the corrosion resistance of the deposited zinc-nickel alloy coatings, the metal salts used to supplement them must meet high purity requirements. In contrast, the anodic dissolution of zinc and activated nickel to supplement the extracted zinc and nickel ions is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly alternative. The costs for the metals are lower than for salts with the same high chemical purity. The anode metals have a high chemical purity.
- the zinc and nickel contents of the electrolyte fluctuate only slightly.
- the zinc and nickel content of the electrolyte can be supplemented and kept constant by the appropriate dimensioning of the electrode surfaces in the separate container and the level of the electrical current.
- the electrolyte is circulated from the separate container through a filter into the plating container and back, keeping the concentration differences in the different containers low.
- the anodic dissolution of the metals has the further advantage that no carcinogenic products, such as nickel carbonate, are used in this process.
- the zinc-nickel content in the electrolyte can optionally also be supplemented by the anodic dissolution of zinc-nickel alloys.
- the method according to the invention can be combined with the types of systems for electroplating with high current densities described in the patent literature (see, for example, EP-81-61 130 and EP-A1-101 429).
- Zinc sulfate 10 - 70 g / l Zn2+ prefers 30 - 50 g / l Zn2+ Nickel sulfate 30 - 110 g / l Ni2+ " 50 - 80 g / l Ni2+ Sodium sulfate 0-150 g / l " 70-120 g / l PH value 0.8 - 2.2 " 1.5 - 2.0 chloride ⁇ 100 mg / l " ⁇ 30 mg / l Bath temperature 20 - 80 ° C " 40-65 ° C Electrolyte speed 10 - 500 m / min " 50-200 m / min Current density: Process bath 10 - 200 A / dm2 " 20 - 50 A / dm2 Complementary bath ⁇ 8 A / dm2 (pH 1.5) " ⁇ 5 A / dm2
- a wetting agent can be added to the electrolyte.
- a weak foaming wetting agent can be added to system types with a lowered electrolyte level (see eg EP-81-61 130 and EP-A1-101 429), e.g. Ethylhexyl sulfate 1 - 1000 mg / l prefers 50-200 mg / l.
- strongly foaming wetting agents can also be added, such as Sodium lauryl sulfate anionic 1 - 1000 mg / l prefers 50-100 mg / l Fluorosurfactants 1 - 1000 mg / l " 50-100 mg / l.
- Electrolyte approach 50 g / l Zn2+ as ZnSO4 60 g / l Ni 2+ as NiSO4 100 g / l Na2SO4 50 mg / l Ethylhexyl sulfate
- Electrolysis conditions Bathing temperature 60 ° PH value 1.5 Current density: - Process bath 30 A / dm2 - Complementary bath 5 A / dm2
- the nickel dissolution brought about by the anodic efficiency of the electrolytic nickel anode of 5% was considerably less than the amount of nickel required for the zinc 11% nickel deposition.
- the zinc and nickel content of the electrolyte was kept constant by the anodic dissolution of zinc and S-nickel in the supplementary bath at current densities of 1 - 8 A / dm2. At these current densities, hydrogen is deposited cathodically with an efficiency of more than 95%.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3816419 | 1988-05-13 | ||
| DE3816419A DE3816419C1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1988-05-13 | 1988-05-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0341415A1 true EP0341415A1 (de) | 1989-11-15 |
Family
ID=6354347
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89106006A Withdrawn EP0341415A1 (de) | 1988-05-13 | 1989-04-06 | Verfahren zum galvanischen Abscheiden eines Zink-Nickel-Legierungsüberzuges auf einem Stahlband |
Country Status (3)
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5336392A (en) * | 1992-09-15 | 1994-08-09 | Nippon Mining Co., Ltd. | Method for preparation of a Zn-Ni electroplating or hot-dip galvanizing bath using a Zn-Ni alloy, and method for producing a Zn-Ni alloy |
| US5441628A (en) * | 1992-09-15 | 1995-08-15 | Japan Energy Corporation | Method for preparation for a Zn-Ni electroplating or hot-dip galvanizing bath using a Zn-Ni alloy, and method for producing a Zn-Ni alloy |
| EP0739995B1 (en) * | 1992-09-16 | 1998-08-19 | Nippon Mining & Metals Co., Ltd. | Use of a Zn-Ni alloy for preparation of Zn-Ni alloy hot-dip galvanizing bath |
| US6096183A (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 2000-08-01 | Ak Steel Corporation | Method of reducing defects caused by conductor roll surface anomalies using high volume bottom sprays |
| DE10033433A1 (de) * | 2000-07-10 | 2002-01-24 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Verzinkung aus alkansulfonsäurehaltigen Elektrolyten |
| DE102006035233A1 (de) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-01-31 | Mahle International Gmbh | Galvanische Oberflächenbeschichtung eines Bauteils |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4313802A (en) * | 1979-02-15 | 1982-02-02 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Method of plating steel strip with nickel-zinc alloy |
| JPS5839236B2 (ja) * | 1979-03-30 | 1983-08-29 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 合金電気メッキ方法 |
| EP0061130B1 (de) * | 1981-03-17 | 1985-02-13 | Rasselstein AG | Verfahren zum galvanischen Abscheiden eines Zink-Nickel-Legierungsüberzuges auf einem Metallgegenstand, insbesondere auf Bandstahl |
| DE3369861D1 (en) * | 1982-08-05 | 1987-04-02 | Andritz Ag Maschf | Process for electrolytical coating with a metal layer and optionally electrolytical treatment of a metal strip |
-
1988
- 1988-05-13 DE DE3816419A patent/DE3816419C1/de not_active Expired
-
1989
- 1989-04-06 EP EP89106006A patent/EP0341415A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-04-26 US US07/343,528 patent/US4923573A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Band 101, Nr. 26, 1984, Seite 428, Nr. 237349n, Columbus, Ohio, US; & JP-A-59 123 782 (KAWASAKI STEEL CORP.) 17-07-1984 * |
| METAL FINISHING, Dezember 1972, Seiten 52-56,58; S.R. RAJAGOPALAN: "Electrodeposition of nickel-zinc alloys" * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4923573A (en) | 1990-05-08 |
| DE3816419C1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1989-04-06 |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
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