EP0337219B1 - Lagerstabilisiertes Waschmittel mit verstärkter Bleichwirkung - Google Patents
Lagerstabilisiertes Waschmittel mit verstärkter Bleichwirkung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0337219B1 EP0337219B1 EP89105745A EP89105745A EP0337219B1 EP 0337219 B1 EP0337219 B1 EP 0337219B1 EP 89105745 A EP89105745 A EP 89105745A EP 89105745 A EP89105745 A EP 89105745A EP 0337219 B1 EP0337219 B1 EP 0337219B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- storage
- weight
- washing agent
- detergent
- layered silicate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carboxylatooxy carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)OOC([O-])=O VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940045872 sodium percarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminodiacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CNCC(O)=O NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L Copper gluconate Chemical class [Cu+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021527 natrosilite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 alkylbenzyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012418 sodium perborate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-oxidodioxaborirane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B1OO1 IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSVSPKKXQGNHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-3-methyl-1,2-thiazole Chemical compound CC=1C=C(Br)SN=1 XSVSPKKXQGNHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BGRWYDHXPHLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraacetylethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C(C)=O)CCN(C(C)=O)C(C)=O BGRWYDHXPHLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940050410 gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
- C11D3/3937—Stabilising agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
- C11D3/1273—Crystalline layered silicates of type NaMeSixO2x+1YH2O
Definitions
- Modern detergents therefore consist of a combination of detergents as wash-active Substances, bleaching agents and additives that increase washing power, the so-called builders, which on the one hand remove the hardness of the wash liquor and on the other hand deposits of inorganic Prevent salting on the laundry and thereby for a "soft grip" of the laundry care after washing.
- Polymeric phosphates in particular sodium tripolyphosphate, are considered to be excellent builders. Because of the risk of eutrophication of the rivers and lakes by the phosphate content in the domestic Sewage has been suggested to use zeolites as a builder.
- EP-A-0 263 520 describes a detergent which, in addition to the usual constituents, contains 0 to 5% by weight of a quaternary ammonium compound and 1 to 30% by weight of a plasticizer system, consisting of 10 to 90% by weight of an alkylamine and 90 to 10% by weight of a crystalline sheet silicate of the formula Me 2 Si x O 2x + 1 .yH 2 O, in which Me contains an alkali metal or H, x is a number less than 7 and y is a number less than 7x.
- EP-A-0 028 432 describes a detergent composition which contains, inter alia, sodium tripolyphosphate, insoluble silicates, TAED, alkylbenzyl sulfonates, ethoxylated C 15 alcohols, sodium perborate tetrahydrate, brighteners and sodium sulfate.
- EP-A-0 634 484 describes packaged granular detergent compositions where the packaging has certain water vapor permeability values.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a detergent which is improved Has storage stability and an increased bleaching effect as well as the "soft" in the laundry Grip 'maintained.
- a detergent of the type mentioned at the outset characterized in that that the bleach is sodium percarbonate and the amount of Bleaching agent is such that 0.5 to 4% by weight, in particular 1.0 to 2.5% by weight, is more active in washing There is oxygen in the detergent.
- the crystalline sheet silicates used in the preparation of the detergent according to the invention can be prepared according to DE-34 13 571 A1. Although all of the crystalline sheet silicates listed in DE-34 13 571 A1 can be used in the detergent according to the invention, it has been shown that ⁇ -Na 2 Si 2 O 5 should be given preference if there is an increased bleaching effect in the Washing process arrives.
- the determination of the wash-active oxygen (AVOX) of the bleach and the detergent was carried out according to Dr. E. Heinerth, Tenside 2 (1965) 180.
- the sodium perborate tetrahydrate (NaBO 3 .4H 2 O) investigated had an AVOX number of 10% by weight; the sodium perborate monohydrate (NaBO 3 .H 2 O) had an AVOX number of 15% by weight; the sodium percarbonate (2 Na 2 CO 3 .3H 2 O 2 ) had an AVOX number of 13.5% by weight.
- the washing power (bleaching effect) of the detergent was determined as Whiteness of the test fabrics (WFK polyester / cotton with tea staining, Order code 20 G) determined according to DIN 44983.
- the storage tests were carried out according to the following forced test conditions:
- the detergent to be examined was stored in a climatic cabinet at a relative humidity of 70% at a temperature of 37 ° C.
- the detergent was packed in a wax box.
- the water vapor permeability of the packaging was 0.4 g / m 2 ⁇ h.
- Table 1 shows the detergent formulations tested listed.
- Table 2 shows the degradation values of the bleach in Depends on the time after the forced storage test conditions compiled.
- 2 were commercially available Detergent based on zeolite and sodium tripolyphosphate included in Table 2.
- the bleach breakdown, especially sodium percarbonate is present of zeolite very large.
- the detergent formulations were in accordance with DIN 44983 2 and 4 tested and calculated according to equation I.
- the washing power (bleaching effect) of the detergent 2 was 30.0%; that of the detergent according to the invention was 4 36.5%.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
Im Klimaschrank wurde das zu untersuchende Waschmittel bei einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 70 % bei einer Temperatur von 37°C gelagert. Das Waschmittel war dabei in einem Wachs-Karton verpackt. Die Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit der Verpackung betrug 0,4 g/m2 · h.
Claims (6)
- Lagerstabiles Waschmittel, enthaltend 10 bis 50 Gew.-% kristallines Natriumschichtsilikat der Formel NaMSi2O5, in der M = Na oder H ist, 2 bis 20 Gew.-% Detergentien und übliche Waschhilfsstoffe einschließlich Füllstoffen sowie ein Bleichmittel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei dem Bleichmittel um Natriumpercarbonat handelt und die Menge an Bleichmittel so bemessen ist, daß 0,5 bis 4 Gew.-%, insbesondere 1,0 bis 2,5 Gew.-% waschaktiver Sauerstoff im Waschmittel vorliegen.
- Lagerstabiles Waschmittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das kristalline Schichtsilikat der δ-Modifikation des Na2Si2O5 entspricht.
- Lagerstabiles Waschmittel nach Anspruch loder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das kristalline Schichtsilikat einen Teilchendurchmesser von 0,01 bis 1000 µm, insbesondere von 1 bis 20 µm, hat;
- Lagerstabiles Waschmittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das kristalline Schichtsilikat eine Ionenaustauschkapazität von 400 bis 1200 mmol Na++/100 g wasserfreie Substanz hat;
- Lagerstabiles Waschmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es anorganische und/oder organische Phosphate, Borate, Zitrate, Gluconate, Nitrilotriessigsäure (NTA) und/oder Iminodiacetate als zusätzliche Builder in Mengen von bis zu 20 Gew.-% enthält;
- Lagerstabiles Waschmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aus Agglomeratteilchen mit einer Teilchengröße im Bereich von 0,25 bis 2,5 mm besteht und durch einen Sprühnebelmischprozeß erhalten wurde.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3812555 | 1988-04-15 | ||
| DE3812555A DE3812555A1 (de) | 1988-04-15 | 1988-04-15 | Lagerstabilisiertes waschmittel mit verstaerkter bleichwirkung |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0337219A2 EP0337219A2 (de) | 1989-10-18 |
| EP0337219A3 EP0337219A3 (de) | 1991-04-10 |
| EP0337219B1 true EP0337219B1 (de) | 1999-09-22 |
Family
ID=6352058
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89105745A Expired - Lifetime EP0337219B1 (de) | 1988-04-15 | 1989-04-01 | Lagerstabilisiertes Waschmittel mit verstärkter Bleichwirkung |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0337219B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPH0633419B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR910006072B1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1324306C (de) |
| DE (2) | DE3812555A1 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK169725B1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2138953T3 (de) |
| FI (1) | FI92329C (de) |
| NO (1) | NO172750C (de) |
| SG (1) | SG40030A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9018157D0 (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1990-10-03 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent compositions |
| GB9021761D0 (en) * | 1990-10-06 | 1990-11-21 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent compositions |
| DE4034131C2 (de) * | 1990-10-26 | 1999-08-26 | Henkel Kgaa | Gerüststoff für Waschmittel |
| US5540855A (en) * | 1991-04-23 | 1996-07-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Particulate detergent compositions |
| GB9108639D0 (en) * | 1991-04-23 | 1991-06-12 | Procter & Gamble | Particulate detergent compositions |
| DE4134914A1 (de) * | 1991-10-23 | 1993-04-29 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- und reinigungsmittel mit ausgewaehlten builder-systemen |
| DE4139826A1 (de) * | 1991-12-03 | 1993-06-09 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen, De | Wasch- und reinigungsmittel |
| EP0550077A1 (de) * | 1992-01-03 | 1993-07-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Körnige Bleichmittelzusammensetzung für Wäsche |
| GB9209386D0 (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 1992-06-17 | Unilever Plc | Liquid cleaning products |
| GB9216409D0 (en) * | 1992-08-01 | 1992-09-16 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent compositions |
| EP0639639B2 (de) * | 1993-08-17 | 2010-07-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Percarbonat-Bleichmittel enthaltende Waschmittelzusammensetzungen |
| GB2294704A (en) * | 1994-11-05 | 1996-05-08 | Procter & Gamble | Bleaching composition |
| JP3290382B2 (ja) | 1997-07-18 | 2002-06-10 | 花王株式会社 | 粉末洗剤組成物 |
| EP2123742A1 (de) † | 2008-05-14 | 2009-11-25 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Feste Waschmittelzusammensetzung mit Silikatsalz mit geringer Dichte |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0028432A1 (de) * | 1979-11-03 | 1981-05-13 | THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY | Granulare Waschmittelzusammensetzungen |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1425177A (en) * | 1972-11-20 | 1976-02-18 | Procter & Gamble Ltd | Clay compositionp |
| FR2423536A1 (fr) * | 1978-04-17 | 1979-11-16 | Interox | Compositions et procede pour le lavage et le blanchiment |
| JPS614879A (ja) * | 1984-06-15 | 1986-01-10 | Atsugi Motor Parts Co Ltd | モ−タ自己冷却型エアポンプ |
| DE3604039A1 (de) * | 1986-02-08 | 1987-08-20 | Henkel Kgaa | Textil-wasch- und reinigungsmittel |
| DE3634279A1 (de) * | 1986-10-08 | 1988-08-11 | Hoechst Ag | Weichmacher enthaltende waschmittel |
| DE3742043A1 (de) * | 1987-12-11 | 1989-06-22 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von kristallinen natriumschichtsilikaten |
-
1988
- 1988-04-15 DE DE3812555A patent/DE3812555A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-03-28 CA CA000594859A patent/CA1324306C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-01 SG SG1995001380A patent/SG40030A1/en unknown
- 1989-04-01 ES ES89105745T patent/ES2138953T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-01 DE DE58909857T patent/DE58909857D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-01 EP EP89105745A patent/EP0337219B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-13 FI FI891765A patent/FI92329C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-04-13 JP JP1091991A patent/JPH0633419B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-13 KR KR1019890004877A patent/KR910006072B1/ko not_active Expired
- 1989-04-14 DK DK181789A patent/DK169725B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-04-14 NO NO891545A patent/NO172750C/no unknown
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0028432A1 (de) * | 1979-11-03 | 1981-05-13 | THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY | Granulare Waschmittelzusammensetzungen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0633419B2 (ja) | 1994-05-02 |
| NO891545L (no) | 1989-10-16 |
| FI92329B (fi) | 1994-07-15 |
| FI92329C (fi) | 1994-10-25 |
| FI891765L (fi) | 1989-10-16 |
| DK181789A (da) | 1989-10-16 |
| EP0337219A3 (de) | 1991-04-10 |
| DK169725B1 (da) | 1995-01-23 |
| JPH01311197A (ja) | 1989-12-15 |
| NO891545D0 (no) | 1989-04-14 |
| ES2138953T3 (es) | 2000-02-01 |
| DE3812555A1 (de) | 1989-10-26 |
| KR910006072B1 (ko) | 1991-08-12 |
| SG40030A1 (en) | 1997-06-14 |
| CA1324306C (en) | 1993-11-16 |
| NO172750B (no) | 1993-05-24 |
| FI891765A0 (fi) | 1989-04-13 |
| DE58909857D1 (de) | 1999-10-28 |
| EP0337219A2 (de) | 1989-10-18 |
| NO172750C (no) | 1993-09-01 |
| KR900016446A (ko) | 1990-11-13 |
| DK181789D0 (da) | 1989-04-14 |
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