EP0329641B1 - Dispositif de réception de signaux transmis vers véhicules sur la base du standard UIC, en particulier véhicules sur rails - Google Patents

Dispositif de réception de signaux transmis vers véhicules sur la base du standard UIC, en particulier véhicules sur rails Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0329641B1
EP0329641B1 EP89890036A EP89890036A EP0329641B1 EP 0329641 B1 EP0329641 B1 EP 0329641B1 EP 89890036 A EP89890036 A EP 89890036A EP 89890036 A EP89890036 A EP 89890036A EP 0329641 B1 EP0329641 B1 EP 0329641B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stages
signals
evaluation
frequencies
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89890036A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0329641A3 (fr
EP0329641A2 (fr
Inventor
Peter Hans Dipl.-Ing. Fischer
Karl Jelinek
Dobart Dipl.-Ing. Erwin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kapsch AG
Original Assignee
Kapsch AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=3487994&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0329641(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Kapsch AG filed Critical Kapsch AG
Publication of EP0329641A2 publication Critical patent/EP0329641A2/fr
Publication of EP0329641A3 publication Critical patent/EP0329641A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0329641B1 publication Critical patent/EP0329641B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
    • B61L3/02—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
    • B61L3/08—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
    • B61L3/12—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
    • B61L3/126—Constructional details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
    • B61L3/02—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
    • B61L3/08—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
    • B61L3/12—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
    • B61L3/125—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves using short-range radio transmission

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the signal transmission between locally separated, stationarily arranged along a predetermined route, controlled by a central transceiver station and a mobile transceiver on a mostly track-bound vehicle following the route in question, based on the UIC standard (International Union of Railways).
  • UIC standard International Union of Railways
  • the signal transmission to the mobile transceiver takes place from the successive transceiver stations at alternating, equidistant transmission frequencies, with each mobile transceiver being set to the signal that is best received, which is usually the transmission frequency of the transmission closest to the vehicle -Reception station has.
  • the conventional mobile transceivers have only a single transposable transceiver channel and start a search (scanner principle) if an evaluation criterion is not satisfied until a transmission frequency is found at which a satisfactory signal quality is obtained. For reasons of time, however, it is not necessary to check whether this frequency is actually the cheapest of all the transmission frequencies available at the respective receiving location.
  • Approx. 30 - 100 ms are required to switch to a new signal frequency and to evaluate the signal quality.
  • this time can be up to 2 s.
  • Such observation and switchover times are generally not acceptable.
  • In systems with data transmission typically length of a data telegram approx. 100 ms
  • namely telegrams are lost entirely or at least partially. These telegrams would have to be sent repeatedly, which would lead to an increased load on the system (poor channel utilization). Whole syllables could be lost during voice transmission, which would lead to inquiries and thus longer talk times for inexperienced users.
  • the observation time could alternatively or cumulatively be shortened, the criterion for the switchover selected very low and the field strength in the coverage area selected to be greater than absolutely necessary.
  • the mobile transceiver remains at the selected signal frequency for as long as possible, although a much cheaper frequency would already be available.
  • DE-A-3 231 564 discloses a radio system for transmitting messages between transceiver stations moving along predetermined routes and fixed transceiver stations arranged along these routes at predetermined intervals, in which an alternating frequency change takes place along the route.
  • the received frequency-shifted RF transmission signals of the fixed transceiver stations are added in terms of power.
  • the invention now relates to a device for receiving signals transmitted on vehicles based on the UIC standard via locally separate transmission antennas on alternating equidistant transmission frequencies, in particular rail-bound vehicles, which use evaluation levels for the selection of the most favorable transmission frequency, whereby the input part of the receiver is designed to be broadband for all signal frequencies to be received, that band filters for dividing the signal frequencies transposed downwards in the input part into separate channels and then to these band filters separate mixing stages for transposing the signal frequencies in the separate channels downwards as well as separate amplifiers.
  • the optimum reception frequency can be selected at any time using a switching matrix. Since no frequencies have to be changed to switch from one receiving frequency to another and the observation of all channels takes place continuously, the typical switching times are less than 1 ms.
  • the receiver according to the invention avoids this effort considerably by using a first and second local oscillator common to all channels.
  • the effort required for this from different intermediate frequency filters for all channels is comparatively small in series production and technically much less problematic than the frequency synchronization of three oscillators.
  • Another advantage is the partial redundancy of the overall system.
  • the switching matrix can be implemented in terms of hardware, the software expenditure is considerably less than that of the conventional reception devices.
  • the input signals coming from connection 1 of a vehicle antenna used for transmitting and receiving in the simultaneous operation are fed to a duplex filter 2 which serves to separate the output signals of the mobile transceiver supplied via the transmitter output line 3 of the vehicle transceiver from the input signals thereof.
  • the input signals are received by the receiver input line 4 via a band filter 5, e.g. a helix filter, an input amplifier 6 and a further band filter 7, which can also be a helix filter, are fed to a mixer 8 which is supplied with a carrier frequency by a local oscillator 9 and is used to transpose the input signals to lower intermediate frequencies ZF1.
  • the intermediate-frequency input signals are fed to a signal divider 11, which feeds these signals to three parallel reception channels 12, 13 and 14. Up to the outputs of this signal divider, the entire common reception path with levels 4 to 11 is broadband, i.e. permeable for all transmission frequencies of the transceiver stations arranged along the route or for the intermediate frequencies ZF1 derived therefrom.
  • Separate narrow-band filters 15, 16 and 17 are connected to the output channels 12 to 14 of the signal divider 11, which are permeable to one of the intermediate frequencies ZF1, which are obtained by transposing the Equidistant signal frequencies can be obtained by means of the oscillator 9.
  • the intermediate frequencies ZF1 thus obtained are transposed to substantially lower intermediate frequencies ZF2 in three separate mixers 18, 19 and 20 by means of a carrier supplied by a second common oscillator 21 via a signal divider 22 and separate feed lines 23, 24 and 25, e.g. at 405, 455 and 505 kHz.
  • the signals with these intermediate frequencies IF2 are then amplified and demodulated in IF amplifiers and demodulators 26, 27, 28.
  • the demodulated signals which are, for example, low-frequency analog signals, are applied directly to the signal inputs of a switching matrix 32 via output lines 29, 30 and 31.
  • the switching of the signal inputs of the switching matrix 32 to its signal output 45 takes place automatically on the basis of a quality and quantity evaluation of the input signals.
  • quality amplification levels 33, 34 and 35 for example noise assessment levels
  • quantity assessment levels 39, 40 and 41 for example field strength assessment levels
  • the evaluation levels 33 to 35 and 39 to 41 supply the evaluation results in the form of digital switching signals via lines 36, 37 and 38 or 42, 43 and 44 to the control inputs of the switching matrix 32.
  • Noise evaluation stages providing digital signals are known under the name squelch, and field strength assessment stages are likewise known which deliver digital output signals via analog-digital converters and / or comparators.
  • the digital signals of the two types of evaluation stages 33 to 35 and 39 to 41 select in a manner known per se in the switching matrix 32 the highest quality of the input signals supplied via the input lines 29 and 31 to the switching matrix and output it to the output line 45. In this way, a practically uninterrupted readiness to receive is ensured under optimal reception conditions.
  • the intermediate frequency formation in the separate reception channels 12, 13 and 14 can also be carried out with the aid of three separate local oscillators, the frequencies of which are offset from one another by the frequency spacing of the equidistant transmission frequencies SF and which are thus mixed with the output frequencies of the channel filters 15 to 17, that the transposed frequencies are equal to each other.
  • the evaluation criteria can be achieved by using programmable logic components, i.e. by designing this matrix as a programmable logic matrix, can be freely selected and adapted to the respective application.
  • the evaluation criteria associated with the demodulated signal connected to line 45 in each case can be related to additional lines, e.g. to line 46 for the noise criterion and to lines 47 for the field strength criterion, for the purpose of further information of the consumer.
  • all other demodulated signals can also be forwarded on continuous, parallel reception channels for monitoring.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Transmission In General (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Dispositif pour la réception de signaux transmis sur base de la norme UIC à des fréquences d'émission équidistantes alternantes par l'intermédiaire d'antennes d'émission localement séparées les unes des autres, sur des véhicules, en particulier des véhicules ferroviaires, utilisant des étages d'évaluation pour la sélection de la fréquence d'emission chaque fois la plus favorable, la partie d'entrée (4-11) du récepteur étant une partie concue à large bande pour toutes les fréquences de signaux à recevoir, des filtres passe-bande (15-17) étant prévues destinés à répartir les fréquences de signaux (ZF2) transposées en commun vers le bas dans la partie d'entrée (4-11) sur des canaux séparés (12-14), suivis d'étages mélangeurs (16-20) destinés à transposer les fréquences de signaux (ZF2) dans les canaux séparés (12-14) vers le bas et d'étages amplificateurs et démodulateurs séparés (26-28) pour ces fréquences de signaux transposées (ZF2), chaque fois une sortie (29-31) des étages amplificateurs et démodulateurs (26-28) étant connectée directement et au moins une autre sortie de ces étages étant connectée indirectement, par l'intermédiaire d'un étage d'évaluation qualitative et/ou quantitative (33-35 et/ou 39-41), à une matrice de commutation (32) pour la sélection du signal chaque fois évalué comme étant le meilleur en vue du traitement ultérieur.
  2. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un oscillateur commun (21) est prévu pour les étages mélangeurs séparés (18 - 20).
  3. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les étages d'évaluation qualitative (33 - 35) sont des étages d'évaluation de bruit à signaux de sortie numériques.
  4. Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les étages d'évaluation quantitative (39 - 41) sont des étages d'évaluation d'intensité de champ à signaux de sortie numériques.
  5. Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la matrice de commutation (32) présente, en dehors de la sortie (45) pour le signal évalué comme étant le meilleur, également des sorties (46 et/ou 47) pour les signaux d'évaluation qualitative et/ou quantitative.
  6. Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la matrice de commutation (32) est une matrice logique programmable en vue de l'adaptation des critères d'évaluation à divers cas d'application.
EP89890036A 1988-02-15 1989-02-10 Dispositif de réception de signaux transmis vers véhicules sur la base du standard UIC, en particulier véhicules sur rails Expired - Lifetime EP0329641B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0034088A AT391573B (de) 1988-02-15 1988-02-15 Einrichtung zum empfang von auf der basis der uic-norm uebertragenen signalen auf fahrzeugen, insbesondere schienengebundenen fahrzeugen
AT340/88 1988-02-15

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0329641A2 EP0329641A2 (fr) 1989-08-23
EP0329641A3 EP0329641A3 (fr) 1992-01-22
EP0329641B1 true EP0329641B1 (fr) 1994-06-01

Family

ID=3487994

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89890036A Expired - Lifetime EP0329641B1 (fr) 1988-02-15 1989-02-10 Dispositif de réception de signaux transmis vers véhicules sur la base du standard UIC, en particulier véhicules sur rails

Country Status (14)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0329641B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT391573B (fr)
BA (1) BA96108A (fr)
CS (1) CS275720B6 (fr)
DD (1) DD279134A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE58907722D1 (fr)
FI (1) FI94303C (fr)
HR (1) HRP920604B1 (fr)
HU (1) HU207188B (fr)
PL (1) PL159890B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU1838825C (fr)
SI (1) SI8910331A (fr)
UA (1) UA12996A (fr)
YU (1) YU47301B (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2112752B1 (es) * 1995-04-28 1998-12-16 Alcatel Standard Electrica Sistema de comunicacion ferroviario.

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3158864A (en) * 1960-12-27 1964-11-24 Space General Corp Self-synchronizing communication system
DE1591556A1 (de) * 1967-09-28 1970-10-08 Siemens Ag Mehrere ortsfeste Sendestellen und ortsbewegliche Empfangsstellen umfassendes Funknetz
DE2242057B2 (de) * 1972-08-26 1975-11-20 Te Ka De Felten & Guilleaume Fernmeldeanlagen Gmbh, 8500 Nuernberg 60-M Hz-Trägerfrequenzsystem
CH594324A5 (fr) * 1975-08-27 1978-01-13 Autophon Ag
DE3109849C2 (de) * 1981-03-14 1983-03-24 Blaupunkt-Werke Gmbh, 3200 Hildesheim Schaltungsanordnung zur Identifikation von empfangenen Sendern mit gleichem Modulationsinhalt
JPS58172012A (ja) * 1982-04-01 1983-10-08 Clarion Co Ltd 同一放送識別受信機
DE3231564A1 (de) * 1982-08-25 1984-03-01 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Funksystem
DE3508900A1 (de) * 1985-03-13 1986-09-25 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Anordnung zur gewinnung eines schaltkriteriums aus einer feldstaerkemessung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT391573B (de) 1990-10-25
RU1838825C (ru) 1993-08-30
YU33189A (sh) 1992-07-20
FI94303B (fi) 1995-04-28
ATA34088A (de) 1990-04-15
PL277729A1 (en) 1989-09-04
UA12996A (uk) 1997-02-28
SI8910331A (en) 1997-02-28
FI890594A (fi) 1989-08-16
CS8900929A2 (en) 1991-04-11
HRP920604A2 (hr) 1994-04-30
PL159890B1 (pl) 1993-01-29
HRP920604B1 (en) 1997-10-31
BA96108A (bs) 1998-12-28
HUT52900A (en) 1990-08-28
CS275720B6 (en) 1992-03-18
EP0329641A3 (fr) 1992-01-22
FI94303C (fi) 1995-08-10
DE58907722D1 (de) 1994-07-07
FI890594A0 (fi) 1989-02-08
HU207188B (en) 1993-03-01
DD279134A5 (de) 1990-05-23
YU47301B (sh) 1995-01-31
EP0329641A2 (fr) 1989-08-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE60036208T2 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum multiband und multimode funkempfäng mit gemeinsamen schaltungselementen
DE60005488T2 (de) Mehrzweigempfangs-System und -Verfahren
DE69729919T2 (de) Zweimodusfunkgerät für TDMA und FDD
DE2840533A1 (de) Rundfunk- oder fernsehempfaenger
WO1995002287A1 (fr) Installation d'antennes radiotelephonique mobile
DE4409382C2 (de) Sendeempfangsgerät
EP0233967B1 (fr) Procédé pour transmettre une information numérique ainsi que pour accorder un récepteur radio mobile à l'aide des informations numériques ainsi transmises
DE10034039A1 (de) Runddfunkempfangssystem, Empfänger und Betriebsverfahren dafür
EP1832012B1 (fr) Dispositif a diversite d'antenne
EP0329641B1 (fr) Dispositif de réception de signaux transmis vers véhicules sur la base du standard UIC, en particulier véhicules sur rails
DE3203678C2 (fr)
EP1402656A1 (fr) Systeme recepteur radio a plusieurs antennes et a plusieurs recepteurs
DE19705502B4 (de) Funkfernsteueranlage
DE3126195C2 (de) Gleichwellenfunknetz
EP3791476B1 (fr) Dispositif de réception radio pour un véhicule
DE19925868B4 (de) Diversity-TV-Empfangssystem
EP1110317B1 (fr) Appareil de reception radio
DE102019213311B3 (de) Rundfunkempfangsgerät und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb
EP1570580B1 (fr) Dispositif de reception pour systeme de communication sans fil
EP0972361A2 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour transmettre des donnees
DE2251742C2 (de) Mehrkanaliges Sprechfunkgerät
DE60115572T2 (de) Verfahren und Schaltung eines Multibandempfänger in einem Mobilfunktelefon
EP0797320A2 (fr) Système répéteur-amplificateur pour réseau de téléphones radiomobiles avec transposition de fréquences porteuses
EP2876822A1 (fr) Dispositif de réseau radio Tétra en onde continue
EP0294511B1 (fr) Procédé pour la transmission d'informations numériques

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): BE CH DE IT LI LU NL SE

ITCL It: translation for ep claims filed

Representative=s name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO MILANO S.P.A.

TCNL Nl: translation of patent claims filed
PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): BE CH DE IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19920709

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19930712

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO MILANO S.P.A.

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE CH DE IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 58907722

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19940707

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 89890036.0

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19960216

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19970211

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19970217

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19970228

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19970304

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19970408

Year of fee payment: 9

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 89890036.0

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980210

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980228

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980228

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980228

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: KAPSCH A.G.

Effective date: 19980228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980901

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 19980901

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19990429

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20001201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050210