EP0318804B1 - Mehrschichtiges, flexibles Übertragungsband - Google Patents
Mehrschichtiges, flexibles Übertragungsband Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0318804B1 EP0318804B1 EP88119402A EP88119402A EP0318804B1 EP 0318804 B1 EP0318804 B1 EP 0318804B1 EP 88119402 A EP88119402 A EP 88119402A EP 88119402 A EP88119402 A EP 88119402A EP 0318804 B1 EP0318804 B1 EP 0318804B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transfer
- layer
- transfer ribbon
- ribbon according
- transfer layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical group CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004821 Contact adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000485 pigmenting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 18
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 14
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920004939 Cariflex™ Polymers 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OWYWGLHRNBIFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ipazine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC(C)C)=N1 OWYWGLHRNBIFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012831 Printan Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 235000010944 ethyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004447 silicone coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPWNIQBSYQVEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium 4-[(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]-3-methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=CC=C1N=NC1=C(O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 WPWNIQBSYQVEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 2
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002016 Aerosil® 200 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001479 Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AOADSHDCARXSGL-ZMIIQOOPSA-M alkali blue 4B Chemical compound CC1=CC(/C(\C(C=C2)=CC=C2NC2=CC=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(\C=C2)/C=C/C\2=N\C2=CC=CC=C2)=CC=C1N.[Na+] AOADSHDCARXSGL-ZMIIQOOPSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940063655 aluminum stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azure blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[S-]S[S-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000981 basic dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019329 dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YHAIUSTWZPMYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2,2-dioctyl-3-sulfobutanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CCCCCCCCC(C([O-])=O)(C(C([O-])=O)S(O)(=O)=O)CCCCCCCC YHAIUSTWZPMYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019326 ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003089 ethylhydroxy ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003087 methylethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003021 phthalic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KXXXUIKPSVVSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-K pyranine Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=C2C(O)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 KXXXUIKPSVVSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenezinc Chemical compound [Zn]=S WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/025—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet
- B41M5/03—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet by pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H37/00—Article or web delivery apparatus incorporating devices for performing specified auxiliary operations
- B65H37/002—Web delivery apparatus, the web serving as support for articles, material or another web
- B65H37/005—Hand-held apparatus
- B65H37/007—Applicators for applying coatings, e.g. correction, colour or adhesive coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J29/00—Details of, or accessories for, typewriters or selective printing mechanisms not otherwise provided for
- B41J29/26—Devices, non-fluid media or methods for cancelling, correcting errors, underscoring or ruling
- B41J29/36—Devices, non-fluid media or methods for cancelling, correcting errors, underscoring or ruling for cancelling or correcting errors by overprinting
- B41J29/367—Devices, non-fluid media or methods for cancelling, correcting errors, underscoring or ruling for cancelling or correcting errors by overprinting sheet media carrying a pigmented transferable correction layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/10—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by using carbon paper or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M2205/00—Printing methods or features related to printing methods; Location or type of the layers
- B41M2205/16—Correction processes or materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to a multilayer, flexible transfer tape with an auxiliary carrier and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, a binder-containing transfer layer being present between the auxiliary carrier and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, which has a stronger adhesion to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer than to the auxiliary carrier.
- various possibilities have been known according to which pigmented liquid systems can be used to cover incorrect written representations.
- white pigmented dispersions containing a volatile organic solvent are applied with a brush to correct characters and the like. Evaporation of the volatile organic solvent leads to environmental pollution. You must wait a relatively long time before the evaporation is complete and a new overwrite is possible. Applying the correction dispersions with a brush usually does not provide an even top coat.
- GB-A-1 036 743 describes a multilayer transfer sheet which has a color-releasing layer between a base layer with a plastic binder and a cover layer with a binder made of plastic and / or waxes. Ethyl cellulose can be incorporated into the color-releasing layer. Such a transfer sheet should be usable in writing programs.
- the invention was based on the object of further developing the transfer belt mentioned at the outset so that the binder-containing transfer layer can be applied cleanly and with sharp edges to the area or area to be covered (also over a large area) and can be used in a rolled-up form in a hand-held device for simple, fast and uniform use Application to the respective substrate is possible, with stringing of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer should be excluded when tearing.
- the binder-containing transfer layer contains 0.5 to 5% by weight of a soluble cellulose derivative as a tear-off aid.
- the auxiliary carrier of the flexible transfer belt according to the invention preferably consists of a plastic film, as is used for the carriers of typewriter ribbons, e.g. made of polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate. Silicone-coated paper has also proven to be suitable as an auxiliary carrier.
- the silicone coating leads to a reduction in the adhesive tension between the binder-containing transfer layer and the auxiliary carrier.
- the silicone coating can also be replaced by other non-stick agents, such as polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the auxiliary carrier preferably has a thickness of 10 to 60 ⁇ m, in particular 15 to 55 ⁇ m, the cover layer a thickness of 5 to 40 ⁇ m, in particular 15 to 25 ⁇ m, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer a thickness of 1 to 8 ⁇ m, in particular 2 to 5 ⁇ m.
- a thickness ratio of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to the transfer layer of 1: 4 to 1:12, in particular 1: 8 to 1:10, is expediently chosen.
- the pressure sensitive adhesive layer can consist of commercially available pressure sensitive adhesives. These are materials that are elastic and permanently adhesive self-adhesive compositions with high adhesive forces and that adhere immediately to the various surfaces even under low pressure at room temperature. They are preferably in aqueous solution applied to the transfer layer already on the auxiliary carrier, since the already formed binder-containing transfer layer is not dissolved again. Among pressure-sensitive adhesives of this type, those based on acrylate are particularly advantageous.
- the starting materials can be viscous solutions or dispersions based on rubber, polyacrylates, polyvinyl ethers or polyvinyl isobutylene. Materials based on polyacrylates are preferred.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive material to be applied which is regularly present in an aqueous medium, preferably contains wetting agents or surfactants (sold under the trade name Byk W).
- the above-mentioned solutions or dispersions of the pressure sensitive adhesive for forming the pressure sensitive adhesive layer are preferably applied to the transfer layer in an amount of 1 to 5 g / m2, very particularly preferably in an amount of 2 to 4 g / m2.
- the type of plasticizer used should also be considered when choosing the respective binder for forming the transfer layer.
- a plasticizer should be used which, when the transfer layer is applied to the surface to be corrected or to be covered, does not penetrate through the normally thin pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and comes into contact with the area to be corrected or the colorants located there, and this is more troublesome Way, coloring the transfer layer.
- common plasticizers such as silicone, castor and mineral oil are suitable for this.
- plasticizers preferred in other areas of application such as phthalic acid esters and oleic alcohol, are not equally suitable.
- a so-called ⁇ varnish agent '' can be incorporated into the binder-containing transfer layer, which may migrate or make insoluble colorants so that they do not migrate into the applied transfer layer and color it again.
- Suitable varnishing agents include tannin and tannin derivatives.
- lacquering agents as are known from the technical field of inks and inks, can be used. They should preferably be present in the binder-containing transfer layer in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight, in particular 1.5 to 3.5% by weight. The value of 2 to 2.5% by weight is very particularly preferred.
- the binder chosen in each case for forming the transfer layer is preferably transferred into a solution or used as a dispersion in the presence of a polymer dispersion.
- the choice of solvent depends on the type of binder used.
- Low to medium-boiling organic solvents from the group of alcohols, such as ethanol, isopropanol and butanol, the ketones, such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, the esters, such as methyl and ethyl acetate, the aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and the aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as, are preferably used Petrol in the boiling range of 70 to 140 ° C, alone or in a mixture, as well as water, alone or in a mixture with low-boiling, water-soluble organic solvents.
- the concentration of the binder in the solution or dispersion is not essential to the invention.
- this solution or dispersion is preferably applied to the auxiliary carrier in an amount of 15 to 25 g / m2 and very particularly preferably between 18 and 22 g / m2.
- the term “colorant” is to be understood as far as possible. It is supposed to be the collective name for all coloring substances, so that this includes dyes and pigments, the latter also having a filler character. Dyes are to be understood as meaning those colorants which are soluble in water, organic solvents or binders and which are opposed by the insoluble pigments. The coloring can be present immediately, but can only appear through fluorescence. The latter applies, for example, to fluorescent fluorescent colors. If the transfer belt according to the invention is used for the correction of characters and pictorial representations and the like, the binder-containing transfer layer contains in particular white pigments, such as titanium white, precipitated chalk, clay or colloidal silicas.
- inorganic pigments such as chrome yellow, ocher, iron oxide red, cobalt blue, ultramarine, Berlin blue, or organic pigments such as alkali blue, phthalocyanines, azo dyes, anthraquinones, metal complex pigments as well as carbon blacks and iron oxide black are used as colorants , used.
- organic pigments such as alkali blue, phthalocyanines, azo dyes, anthraquinones, metal complex pigments as well as carbon blacks and iron oxide black are used as colorants , used.
- fluorescent dyes are: Blaze Orange T 15 from Dayglo, Maxilonbrillantflavin 10 GFF from Ciba Geigy, pyranine from Bayer AG and Basonyl-Red 540 from BASF.
- the optimum covering function of the transfer belt according to the invention in particular that of the transfer layer containing the binder, can be controlled by the pigment content.
- the optimal pigment content depends on various factors, such as the type of binder chosen, the pigment itself and the other additives incorporated. A particularly critical value or critical range cannot be specified.
- the binder / pigment relationship could give a weight ratio of 1: 1 to 1:12, in particular 1: 3 to 1: 8 and very particularly between 1: 4 to 1: 7.
- An essential component of the binder-containing transfer layer of the transfer belt according to the invention is a ⁇ tear-off aid ''. Only when such a tear-off aid is used is it ensured that when the transfer layer is applied to a substrate a clean tear-off takes place. Surprisingly, it has been shown that a relatively limited group of compounds has the desirable properties as a tear aid in the context of the invention, namely soluble cellulose derivatives.
- Particularly preferred cellulose derivatives are the cellulose ethers soluble in organic solvents and / or water, such as methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl, ethylhydroxyethyl and carboxymethyl celluloses, cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate acetobutyrate and propionate.
- a variety of other soluble cellulose derivatives are suitable which have the desired effects. It appears that the basic cellulose structure in the soluble cellulose derivative is important, while the groups introduced, such as the ethyl group, etc., result in the derivative formed being soluble in the solvent chosen in each case.
- the amount of the tear-off aid incorporated in the transfer layer is 0.5 to 5% by weight, in particular 1.5 to 3.5% by weight.
- the range of 2 to 2.5% by weight is particularly preferred.
- the quantitative ratio of demolition aid to binder could also be used as the basis for forming the transfer layer.
- the ratio of demolition aid to binder could be given as 1: 2 to 1:20, the range from 1: 4 to 1:10 being preferred.
- these further additives can be incorporated.
- These can be agents for improving the covering power, such as, in particular, aluminum silicate, tinting agents, such as, for example, carbon black, or the already mentioned lacquering agent, in particular for basic dyes in the form of, for example, gallic acid derivatives, e.g. Printan from Ciba Geigy.
- the materials of the individual layers of the transfer belt according to the invention described above generally meet the basic requirement that the adhesive tension (defined by the work of adhesion according to Dupre's equation, Lit .: KL Wolf “Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces", Springer Verlag 1957, p 164) between the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and the transfer layer is larger than that between the auxiliary carrier and the transfer layer. If this is not the case in individual cases, then a suitable non-stick layer would have to be applied to the auxiliary carrier in order to meet this basic requirement. In such cases, a further requirement is regularly met, according to which the transfer layer formed on the substrate is non-adhesive to other materials that come into contact with it, in particular paper.
- the following adhesive tension ratios for the successful use of the transfer tape according to the invention can be specified, the symbol "S" representing the adhesive tension ratio between the different materials, so S1 paper / adhesive layer, S2 transfer layer / adhesive layer, S3 transfer layer / auxiliary carrier, S4 transfer layer / paper and S5 pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / auxiliary carrier and, if possible, to comply with the following requirements: S1 greater than S3, S2 greater than S3 ⁇ S5 very much smaller than S2 and S5 smaller than S3.
- the free surface of the transfer layer applied to a substrate, in particular paper should shows no adherence to the outside, ie S dh is then zero or strives towards zero. In other words, this means that the applied transfer layer should be non-stick when touched by hand or paper.
- the advantageous method for producing the transfer belt according to the invention is characterized in that a suitable plastic solution, which contains the tear-off aid mentioned, according to customary application technologies, e.g. a squeegee is applied to an auxiliary support in the form of a flexible film, the solvent is evaporated at elevated temperature, an aqueous dispersion containing a pressure sensitive adhesive is applied to the formed transfer layer containing binder and then the water using conventional squeegees, for example with a squeegee or a roller coater is evaporated.
- a suitable plastic solution which contains the tear-off aid mentioned, according to customary application technologies, e.g. a squeegee is applied to an auxiliary support in the form of a flexible film, the solvent is evaporated at elevated temperature, an aqueous dispersion containing a pressure sensitive adhesive is applied to the formed transfer layer containing binder and then the water using conventional squeegees, for example with a squeegee or a roller
- the user takes the housing in his hand and uses the application foot to press the outer (removable) tape layer running over its end edge against the substrate to which it is to be transferred (e.g. a printed sheet of paper to make corrections ).
- the user moves the device relative to the substrate and transfers z.
- the transmission tape according to the invention is particularly distinguished as a correction means in the office, school and household for covering faulty characters, markings and graphic representations and rewriting.
- Another use of the transfer belt can be the strikingly colored marking of areas, fonts and / or characters.
- the transfer belt then carries a transfer layer containing a colored pigment.
- Another use is to highlight text passages, characters or pictorial representations.
- the transfer layer is preferably transparent and colored with a colorant that fluoresces in daylight.
- the transmission tape according to the invention can be easily, quickly and evenly z.
- B. Apply top layers containing in particular colorants to substrates. If the transfer layer of the transfer tape according to the invention is transparent, for example does not contain any covering pigments, then it can be used for the mere covering without color effect and preservation of characters that are otherwise sensitive to the effects of air and the like.
- the following dispersion is first produced to form the colorant-containing transfer layer: Solvent-soluble polyurethane (Permuthane U 4924) (25% in isopropyl alcohol / toluene, mixing ratio 1: 1) 19.0 parts by weight Isopropanol 10.0 " toluene 35.0 " Printan G 1.0 " Ethyl cellulose N7 (tear aid) 1.0 " Titanium dioxide (Kronos RN34) 29.0 " Aluminum silicate P820 5.0 " (Means to improve opacity) soot (Printex 140V) (tinting agent) 0.01 " 100.01 parts by weight
- the PSA was applied with a doctor knife in a thickness of 2 g / m2. Then the water portion was evaporated at about 100 ° C by passing hot air over it.
- the transfer tape obtained was particularly suitable for covering characters written on paper. It led to the quick and even application of an immediately rewritable cover strip. The application was carried out using a commercially available hand roller.
- Example 1 was modified in such a way that the following recipe was used to form the colorant-containing transfer layer has been: Polyurethane (Desmolac 2100 from Bayer AG) 5.0 parts by weight Methyl ethyl ketone 30.0 " toluene 28.6 " Maxilon brilliant flavin 10 GFF (BASF) 1.0 " Basonyl Red 540 (BASF) 0.4 " Titanium dioxide (Kronos RN 34) 29.0 " Aluminum silicate P 820 (Degussa) 5.0 " Ethyl cellulose N 7 (Hercules) 1.0 "
- the transfer layer of the transfer tape obtained was opaque, colored and without fluorescence (orange).
- Example 1 was modified in such a way that the following recipe was used to form the colorant-containing transfer layer: Linear, saturated polyester (Vitel PE 700) (Goodyear) 4.0 parts by weight Methyl ethyl ketone 30.0 " toluene 31.0 " White pigment, zinc sulfide (Sachtolith L) (Sachtleben GmbH) 25.0 " Ethyl cellulose N 7 (Hercules) 1.0 " Blaze Orange T 15 (Dayglo) 9.0 "
- the transfer layer of the transfer tape obtained was opaque, colored and with fluorescence (orange).
- Example 1 was modified in such a way that the following recipe was used to form the colorant-containing transfer layer: Styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer (Cariflex TR 1107) (Shell) 4.7 parts by weight Methyl ethyl ketone 42.0 " toluene 42.0 " Redglo Soluble Toner GF 13 (Redglo) 0.8 " Ethyl cellulose N 22 (Hercules) 1.0 " Aluminum stearate Alugel TH 34 (Bärlocher) 8.0 " Silica (Aerosil 200) (Degussa) 1.0 "
- the transfer layer of the transfer tape obtained was transparent and colored (orange).
- Example 1 was modified in such a way that the following recipe was used to form the colorant-containing transfer layer: Polymer dispersion based on vinyl propionate (Propionfan 6D) (BASE) 20.0 parts by weight Titanium dioxide (Kronos RNCX) 30.0 " Aluminum silicate P 820 5.0 " water 28.5 " Walocel MW 50 GB (Wolff & Co.) 1.0 " isopropanol 14.0 " aqueous solution of a silicone-free, halogenated organic compound (defoamer SF) (Hoechst AG) 1.0 " Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (Lutensit ABO / wetting agent) (BASF) 0.5 "
- the transfer layer of the transfer tape obtained was opaque and white.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Decoration By Transfer Pictures (AREA)
- Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT8888119402T ATE104603T1 (de) | 1987-12-03 | 1988-11-22 | Mehrschichtiges, flexibles uebertragungsband. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3741022 | 1987-12-03 | ||
DE3741022A DE3741022C3 (de) | 1987-12-03 | 1987-12-03 | Mehrschichtiges, flexibles Übertragungsband |
DE3835783A DE3835783C2 (de) | 1987-12-03 | 1988-10-20 | Mehrschichtiges, flexibles Übertragungsband, Verfahren zur Herstellung und dessen Verwendungen |
DE3835783 | 1988-10-20 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0318804A2 EP0318804A2 (de) | 1989-06-07 |
EP0318804A3 EP0318804A3 (en) | 1990-11-07 |
EP0318804B1 true EP0318804B1 (de) | 1994-04-20 |
Family
ID=25862407
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88119402A Expired - Lifetime EP0318804B1 (de) | 1987-12-03 | 1988-11-22 | Mehrschichtiges, flexibles Übertragungsband |
Country Status (13)
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5997994A (en) * | 1998-06-10 | 1999-12-07 | Tombow Pencil Co., Ltd. | Pressure-sensitive transfer correction tape |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3741022C3 (de) * | 1987-12-03 | 1994-12-22 | Pelikan Ag | Mehrschichtiges, flexibles Übertragungsband |
DE3925130A1 (de) * | 1989-07-28 | 1991-01-31 | Pelikan Ag | Mehrschichtiges, flexibles markierband |
EP0479221B1 (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1996-07-31 | Fuji Kagakushi Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Transfer tape for masking correction |
DE4137936A1 (de) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-05-19 | Pelikan Ag | Transferklebeband |
RU2155676C2 (ru) * | 1995-03-14 | 2000-09-10 | Притт Продукционсгезельшафт МБХ | Многослойная гибкая переводная лента |
JP2688184B2 (ja) * | 1995-04-07 | 1997-12-08 | フジコピアン株式会社 | 感圧修正テープ |
AU2150197A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1997-08-20 | Citius Burotechnik G.M.B.H. | Multi-layer correcting and/or marking material, process for its manufacture and its use |
DE19617850C1 (de) * | 1996-05-03 | 1997-06-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Mehrschichtiges, flexibles Übertragungsband |
DE19744957C1 (de) | 1997-10-10 | 1999-07-29 | Pritt Produktionsgesellschaft | Mehrschichtiges, flexibles Korrekturband |
RU2200670C1 (ru) * | 1999-01-15 | 2003-03-20 | БИК Корпорейшн | Корректирующая лента, обладающая свойствами блокирования миграции красителя |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1147244B (de) * | 1958-10-01 | 1963-04-18 | Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg | Umdrucktraeger und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US3515572A (en) * | 1958-11-26 | 1970-06-02 | Tipp Ex Fabrikation | Transfer sheet for obliterating typed character |
NL287666A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1962-01-20 | |||
GB1135020A (en) * | 1965-05-21 | 1968-11-27 | Dabisch Wolfgang | Typewriter ink ribbon |
GB1171925A (en) * | 1966-06-24 | 1969-11-26 | Carbon Paper Co Ltd | Process for Producing a Copying Paper. |
GB1219567A (en) * | 1966-12-16 | 1971-01-20 | Datacopy Ltd | Improvements in and relating to transfer sheets |
GB1265810A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1968-01-24 | 1972-03-08 | ||
US3942621A (en) * | 1970-04-28 | 1976-03-09 | Mac Karlan | Method of and article for masking |
US3924728A (en) * | 1974-02-04 | 1975-12-09 | Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg | Pressure-adhesive correction materials and method for producing same |
DE2626891A1 (de) * | 1976-06-16 | 1977-12-29 | Ernst Dipl Chem Dr Beyer | Blattfoermiges korrekturmaterial |
JPS56106893A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1981-08-25 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Transfer sheet |
DE3143320C2 (de) * | 1981-10-31 | 1984-10-11 | Pelikan Ag, 3000 Hannover | Folien-Schreibsatz für die Overhead-Projektion |
JPS58101095A (ja) * | 1981-12-12 | 1983-06-16 | Fuji Kagakushi Kogyo Co Ltd | 熱転写記録媒体 |
JPS60234891A (ja) * | 1984-05-07 | 1985-11-21 | Pentel Kk | 感熱転写体修正シ−ト |
JPS6122709A (ja) * | 1984-07-09 | 1986-01-31 | 日新電機株式会社 | 配電盤 |
JPS6124893A (ja) * | 1984-07-16 | 1986-02-03 | 動力炉・核燃料開発事業団 | 保温材構造 |
JPS61286194A (ja) * | 1985-06-14 | 1986-12-16 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | 感熱転写媒体 |
JPS62130888A (ja) * | 1985-12-04 | 1987-06-13 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | 感熱転写媒体 |
US4700207A (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1987-10-13 | Eastman Kodak Company | Cellulosic binder for dye-donor element used in thermal dye transfer |
DE3741022C3 (de) * | 1987-12-03 | 1994-12-22 | Pelikan Ag | Mehrschichtiges, flexibles Übertragungsband |
-
1987
- 1987-12-03 DE DE3741022A patent/DE3741022C3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-10-20 DE DE3835783A patent/DE3835783C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-22 EP EP88119402A patent/EP0318804B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-22 DE DE3889201T patent/DE3889201D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-22 AU AU25808/88A patent/AU618768B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-11-22 ES ES88119402T patent/ES2051287T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-30 DK DK198806678A patent/DK173619B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-11-30 MX MX1400488A patent/MX169629B/es unknown
- 1988-11-30 NO NO885336A patent/NO176832C/no unknown
- 1988-11-30 PT PT89133A patent/PT89133B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-12-01 AR AR88312601A patent/AR247849A1/es active
- 1988-12-01 BR BR888806405A patent/BR8806405A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-12-01 FI FI885585A patent/FI97286C/fi active IP Right Grant
- 1988-12-02 JP JP63304284A patent/JPH0214185A/ja active Granted
- 1988-12-03 KR KR1019880016154A patent/KR920010112B1/ko not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5997994A (en) * | 1998-06-10 | 1999-12-07 | Tombow Pencil Co., Ltd. | Pressure-sensitive transfer correction tape |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO176832B (no) | 1995-02-27 |
DK667888D0 (da) | 1988-11-30 |
NO885336L (no) | 1989-06-05 |
DE3741022C3 (de) | 1994-12-22 |
JPH0549476B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1993-07-26 |
EP0318804A2 (de) | 1989-06-07 |
PT89133B (pt) | 1993-05-31 |
FI885585L (fi) | 1989-06-04 |
DE3741022C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1989-11-23 |
EP0318804A3 (en) | 1990-11-07 |
FI97286C (fi) | 1996-11-25 |
DE3741022A1 (de) | 1989-06-15 |
BR8806405A (pt) | 1989-08-22 |
DE3889201D1 (de) | 1994-05-26 |
DE3835783C2 (de) | 1998-02-19 |
JPH0214185A (ja) | 1990-01-18 |
FI97286B (fi) | 1996-08-15 |
DK667888A (da) | 1989-06-04 |
DK173619B1 (da) | 2001-05-07 |
AR247849A1 (es) | 1995-04-28 |
DE3835783A1 (de) | 1990-04-26 |
NO176832C (no) | 1995-06-14 |
KR920010112B1 (ko) | 1992-11-16 |
MX169629B (es) | 1993-07-15 |
ES2051287T3 (es) | 1994-06-16 |
AU2580888A (en) | 1989-06-15 |
FI885585A0 (fi) | 1988-12-01 |
KR890009649A (ko) | 1989-08-03 |
NO885336D0 (no) | 1988-11-30 |
PT89133A (pt) | 1989-12-29 |
AU618768B2 (en) | 1992-01-09 |
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