EP0308933B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben mindestens eines Strahls eines flüssigen Stoffs, vorzugsweise geschmolzenen Metalls - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben mindestens eines Strahls eines flüssigen Stoffs, vorzugsweise geschmolzenen Metalls Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0308933B1
EP0308933B1 EP88115595A EP88115595A EP0308933B1 EP 0308933 B1 EP0308933 B1 EP 0308933B1 EP 88115595 A EP88115595 A EP 88115595A EP 88115595 A EP88115595 A EP 88115595A EP 0308933 B1 EP0308933 B1 EP 0308933B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
ultrasonic
container
pressure
ultrasonic actuators
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88115595A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0308933A1 (de
Inventor
Klaus Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bauckhage
Norbert Kunert
Peter Dipl.-Ing. Schreckenberg
Hermann Dr. Phil. Vetters
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Branson Ultraschall Niederlassung der Emerson Technologies GmbH and Co OHG
Original Assignee
Branson Ultraschall Niederlassung der Emerson Technologies GmbH and Co OHG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25860019&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0308933(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Branson Ultraschall Niederlassung der Emerson Technologies GmbH and Co OHG filed Critical Branson Ultraschall Niederlassung der Emerson Technologies GmbH and Co OHG
Priority to AT88115595T priority Critical patent/ATE61261T1/de
Publication of EP0308933A1 publication Critical patent/EP0308933A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0308933B1 publication Critical patent/EP0308933B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
    • B05B17/0623—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for atomizing at least one jet of a liquid substance, in particular molten metal, according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method using the device according to claim 4.
  • the low ultrasound power when atomizing liquid metals means that the associated cooling of the melt to temperatures below the solidus point cannot take place quickly enough. This results in an uncontrolled cooling of the atomized particles and the associated unfavorable grain sizes and properties.
  • the object of the invention is to create a device of the type mentioned at the outset, as a result of which an increased atomization performance and better atomization of the atomized metal particles is ensured when atomizing liquid metal, and the method also additionally increases the atomization performance.
  • a particularly high-energy ultrasound field is created by using at least two active transducers, that is, a pair of transducers.
  • further pairs of transducers can be provided, which expediently have the same data and also superpositionable parameters with regard to power, frequency and amplitude of the transducers and are arranged such that their standing ultrasonic field has one or more common pressure node areas.
  • the melt jet generated in the crucible By passing the melt jet generated in the crucible through this pressure node region, the atomization takes place where the ultrasound fields are superpositioned, that is to say the greatest energy density is present.
  • the device according to the invention enables a considerably larger flow of melt mass to be atomized and a more economical use associated therewith.
  • the superposition of several ultrasound fields also achieves a rapid quenching required to form a microstructure.
  • the use of two active transducers also effectively prevents atomized particles from sticking to the transducer surface.
  • the position of the ultrasonic transducers is changed jointly in such a way that the (horizontal) transducer axis is given any inclinations. This makes it possible to specifically deflect the atomized particles from a vertical path. It is thus advantageously possible to compact complex workpieces.
  • a nozzle is arranged downstream of the melt exit from the crucible, which is preferably designed like a Laval nozzle.
  • the oscillators are assigned to the nozzle in such a way that the node area of the superpositioned ultrasonic fields is slightly offset towards the crucible compared to the narrowest cross section of the nozzle. This not only accelerates the substances due to atomization in the node area of the ultrasonic fields, but also assigns a direction through the nozzle, which narrows after the node area.
  • the pressure vessel can be used to hold an application surface or application form for compacting the atomized and quenched micro-metal particles.
  • the entire device can also be accommodated in a pressure vessel. This results in particular in pressure relief in the crucible.
  • Such a device is also particularly suitable for carrying out the method described at the outset, because it enables the gaseous carrier medium for the ultrasonic wave to be compressed in a simple manner both in the region of the nozzle and in the region of the pressure vessel.
  • the energy density in the ultrasound node area serving for atomization is thus optimally designed by a combination of several narrow-casting measures, namely the superposition of several ultrasound fields and the increase in energy transmission in the compressed medium.
  • the atomization capacity increased by the method according to the invention also results in better quenching of the atomized metal particles, since these receive a greater momentum from the high-energy ultrasound field, which leads to an increased "slip" of the metal particles in the pressurized medium in which the atomization takes place. This prevents a veil of heated gas from forming around the metal particles; rather, the metal particles can be brought into constant contact with fresh, not yet preheated, ambient gas due to their action by a higher impulse.
  • the method it is proposed to compact the atomized metal particles immediately after quenching and atomizing to form a semi-finished product or a desired molded part.
  • the quenched metal particles are preferably "shot" onto a corresponding base using their superplastic properties with the aid of pressure, the individual metal particles being welded together.
  • the compacting is expediently carried out when the atomized metal particles have reached a solid phase and have cooled to such an extent that, on the one hand, a structural change no longer takes place and, on the other hand, the metal particles are still warm enough to be welded.
  • the material produced by the process according to the invention with the aid of the device described above has particularly favorable properties, since this produces a particularly homogeneous crystalline or amorphous structure with globular grains, which can be ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m.
  • Such a material has superplastic properties that enable isotropic deformability.
  • the rapid cooling also leads to the integration of the Impurities in the globular microgranules formed from the atomized metal particles.
  • the device shown here is used to atomize a jet of liquid metal for the production of a metallic powder, tools, semi-finished products and finished parts.
  • the device is composed of a crucible 10, an adjoining nozzle 11 and, in the present exemplary embodiment, two ultrasonic vibrators 12 and a pressure vessel 13 arranged downstream of the latter.
  • the crucible 10 at the upper region of the device is bottle-shaped here with a downwardly tapering outlet opening 14.
  • the crucible 10 is filled to the level 15 with the raw material to be melted and atomized from powdered or granular metallic Granules 16.
  • the outlet opening 14 of the crucible 10 arranged in the middle with respect to an upright longitudinal central axis 18 of the device opens into an upright inlet funnel 19 of the nozzle 11.
  • This is designed here in a laval nozzle-like manner, namely has an upper acceleration section 20 tapering along a circumferential arc adjoining tapering section 21 and a lower frustoconical outlet section 22.
  • a gas supply channel opens from the side, which in the present exemplary embodiment is designed as a radially circumferential annular channel 23.
  • a gaseous process medium preferably an inert or reaction gas cooled to a temperature below room temperature, can be fed through this under pressure of the device.
  • the two ultrasonic oscillators 12 are arranged opposite the central tapering section 21 of the nozzle 11, in such a way that they lie on a common, horizontal oscillator axis 24 which intersects the longitudinal central axis 18 of the device.
  • the front sections of the ultrasonic vibrators 12 are inserted into the tapering section 21 of the nozzle through corresponding through openings 25.
  • the through openings 25 each provided with a corresponding, circumferential collar 26.
  • the ultrasound transducers 12 are fixed separately in a suitable manner, not shown, outside the front heads of the ultrasound transducers 12, and are decoupled in terms of vibrations.
  • the relative position of the oscillator axis 24 with respect to the individual sections of the nozzle 11 is here such that the oscillator axis 24 is located approximately in the tapering section 21, that is to say approximately in the end region of the acceleration section 20.
  • the two ultrasonic vibrators 12 are of identical design, in particular they have the same powers, frequencies and amplitudes, namely they produce the same, superimposed ultrasonic fields 27 of approximately 20 kHz with a vibrating power of 250 to 3000 W.
  • the two ultrasonic vibrators 12 a distance of six quarter waves, whereby they form three pressure note areas 28 and 29, of which the middle, lying on the oscillator axis 24 and the longitudinal central axis 18 node region 29 is used to atomize the jet emerging from the crucible 10 of the melt to be atomized.
  • the nozzle 11 has at its lower edge an annular flange 30 to which the pressure vessel 13 can be fastened with a corresponding connecting flange 31, preferably releasably by means of screws, not shown.
  • the pressure vessel can consist, as shown, of a cylindrical jacket 32 and a flat, horizontal bottom 33.
  • the bottom 33 can serve to accommodate a carrier plate 34 shown in FIG. 1, onto which the atomized Metal particles can be applied, preferably for compacting.
  • FIG. 2 shows a negative mold 35 arranged on the bottom 33 of the pressure vessel 13.
  • finished workpieces of any shape can be produced in the pressure vessel by compacting in the superplastic state of the metal particles.
  • rotationally symmetrical parts can preferably be produced. So that they get an almost uniform wall thickness, the negative mold 35 in the pressure vessel 13 can be rotated continuously about its (vertical) axis of rotation by a suitable drive.
  • Fig. 3 shows an alternative arrangement of a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 12, such that a plurality of pairs of transducers from opposing ultrasonic transducers 12 are provided to further increase performance.
  • the pair of transducers from the two ultrasonic transducers 12 are assigned three further pairs of transducers, shown in dash-dotted lines, whose transducer axes 24 lie in a common horizontal plane for generating further ultrasound fields, all of which lie in the (central) knot region 29 on the longitudinal central axis 18 of the device.
  • the device shown enables a particularly high atomization performance and high quenching rates by a plurality of ultrasonic vibrators 12, each of which generates the same ultrasonic field 27, results in a high energy density in the node region 29 and, moreover, the ultrasonic wave 27 is passed through a compressed gaseous medium with high energy transmission properties.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 works as follows:
  • the acceleration of the metal particles by atomization causes the metal particles to "slip" in the gaseous medium. This results in a rapid quenching of the atomized metal particles.
  • the rapid quenching is further increased according to the invention in that, on the one hand, the atomization takes place in a compressed gaseous medium, which means that a higher energy can be applied by the ultrasonic wave 27 and, on the other hand, the nozzle 11 through the ring channel 23 with excess pressure of inert gas (nitrogen) or reaction gas (hydrogen ) that can be cooled down to _200 ° C.
  • the metal particles atomized and rapidly quenched in the manner described above have very small, predominantly globular grains ( ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m) which have cooled to such an extent that no structural change takes place, but the grains are welded using the superplastic properties, if they are compacted, that is to say applied to the carrier plate 34 or the negative mold 35 on the bottom 33 of the pressure vessel 13 in a pressure-assisted manner.
  • Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, which differs from that of FIGS. 1 to 3 in that the ultrasonic vibrators 12 are assigned to the nozzle 11 in a variable position.
  • the position of the ultrasonic transducers can be changed equally, but in opposite directions in relation to the nozzle 11 or with part of it, in such a way that the oscillator axis 24 can be pivoted out of the (normal) horizontal.
  • the atomized metal particles can be compared after reaching the node area 29 deflect the longitudinal central axis 18 in a direction deviating from the vertical.
  • the cone formed by the atomized metal particles and originating in the node 29 can thus be pivoted out of the longitudinal central axis 18 as a whole.
  • the ultrasonic vibrators 12 are arranged wholly or partially in a section of the nozzle 11 designed as a bellows 36.
  • Exemplary embodiment is assigned to the upper half of the ultrasonic vibrators 12 of the bellows 36, so that it forms the acceleration section 20 or the tapering section 21 of the nozzle 11.
  • the lower half of the ultrasonic oscillators 12 is assigned to a fixed section of the nozzle 11, namely approximately to the outlet section 22, which can be pivoted together with the ultrasonic oscillators 12.
  • FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the device.
  • This device enables a particularly high atomization capacity, in which all pressure node areas 28 and 29 of the ultrasonic field 27 serve to atomize the jets of liquid metal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
EP88115595A 1987-09-22 1988-09-22 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben mindestens eines Strahls eines flüssigen Stoffs, vorzugsweise geschmolzenen Metalls Expired - Lifetime EP0308933B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88115595T ATE61261T1 (de) 1987-09-22 1988-09-22 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerstaeuben mindestens eines strahls eines fluessigen stoffs, vorzugsweise geschmolzenen metalls.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3731866 1987-09-22
DE3731866 1987-09-22
DE3735787 1987-10-10
DE19873735787 DE3735787A1 (de) 1987-09-22 1987-10-22 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerstaeuben mindestens eines strahls eines fluessigen stoffs, vorzugsweise geschmolzenen metalls

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0308933A1 EP0308933A1 (de) 1989-03-29
EP0308933B1 true EP0308933B1 (de) 1991-03-06

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EP88115595A Expired - Lifetime EP0308933B1 (de) 1987-09-22 1988-09-22 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben mindestens eines Strahls eines flüssigen Stoffs, vorzugsweise geschmolzenen Metalls

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5164198A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0308933B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH01301810A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3735787A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01301810A (ja) 1989-12-06
DE3735787C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1992-02-27
DE3861942D1 (de) 1991-04-11
EP0308933A1 (de) 1989-03-29
DE3735787A1 (de) 1989-03-30
US5164198A (en) 1992-11-17

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