EP0306670B1 - Fermeture en plastique pour un récipient en plastique - Google Patents

Fermeture en plastique pour un récipient en plastique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0306670B1
EP0306670B1 EP88111567A EP88111567A EP0306670B1 EP 0306670 B1 EP0306670 B1 EP 0306670B1 EP 88111567 A EP88111567 A EP 88111567A EP 88111567 A EP88111567 A EP 88111567A EP 0306670 B1 EP0306670 B1 EP 0306670B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screw ring
plastic
cap
plastic closure
ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88111567A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0306670A2 (fr
EP0306670A3 (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jacob Berg GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Jacob Berg GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jacob Berg GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Jacob Berg GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0306670A2 publication Critical patent/EP0306670A2/fr
Publication of EP0306670A3 publication Critical patent/EP0306670A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0306670B1 publication Critical patent/EP0306670B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
    • B65D47/10—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having frangible closures
    • B65D47/103—Membranes with a tearing element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
    • B65D47/061—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages with telescopic, retractable or reversible spouts, tubes or nozzles
    • B65D47/063—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages with telescopic, retractable or reversible spouts, tubes or nozzles with flexible parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plastic closure that can be screwed onto the neck of a plastic container, with a screw ring and with an insert part with a flexible bellows and pouring spout, on the external thread of which a bracket cap can be screwed on.
  • plastic closures are already known for closing plastic canisters.
  • the simplest version is a screw cap that can be screwed onto the external thread of the canister neck, which the user unscrews for pouring, and then directly over the canister neck, e.g. empty liquid contents.
  • end seals have to be additionally placed, which makes the price of the closure problematic for the manufacturer.
  • a plastic closure which is used on the inside next to the edge web of a specially designed neck edge and on its circumference with the edge web is welded.
  • the container which is closed for the first time is guaranteed to be liquid-tight, but the manufacture is generally undesirably expensive and is justified only in special cases, for example if the hardness and melting temperature of the plastic of the container are different from that of the closure.
  • this known closure does not provide a solution for inexpensive mass production.
  • the invention has for its object to develop the plastic closure of the type mentioned so that while maintaining good pouring properties, e.g. by means of a flexible bellows, the automatic production is simplified and cheaper.
  • bracket cap is formed in one piece with the screw ring and the head wall of the bracket cap is formed protruding at a distance from the head wall of the screw ring.
  • the invention surprisingly goes a different way than the closure manufacturer described last, because it does not combine the insert part with the flexible bellows on the one hand with the screw ring on the other hand, but unites the screw ring on the one hand with the bracket cap on the other.
  • the rigid and solid parts of the plastic closure can advantageously be produced from one material and with correspondingly thick walls, while on the other hand the insert part can be formed from the softer plastic and possibly thinner wall thicknesses with the flexible bellows and possibly even attached sealing parts .
  • the invention went the way to provide a distance between the head wall of the screw ring on the one hand and the head wall of the bow cap on the other hand, so that the bow cap protrudes a bit (distance) from the area of the (larger) screw ring (inside) .
  • the stirrups which are connected to the head wall of the stirrup cap only at certain articulation points, are exposed and accessible to the user for opening without the use of tools.
  • the insert part with the flexible bellows for maintaining the known good pouring properties in the new plastic closure is thus maintained, and the production by means of at least partial automatic machines can be simplified and cheaper.
  • Plastic closures are usually mass-produced products, so that even small simplification steps in automatic production have great effects.
  • the new closure according to the invention also allows a guarantee closure, because it is known that simple screw rings can be provided with a guarantee band on the outside next to the attachment area between the neck and the canister. Because the screw ring can advantageously be made of hard plastic and with thicker walls, if necessary, it has sufficient rigidity so that even undesired manipulations do not remain without visible damage or are excluded so that the container provided with the new closure has secure closure guarantees guaranteed.
  • the invention is advantageously further developed in that the temple cap is connected to the screw ring via a tear skin.
  • the screw ring and the stirrup cap are formed as a one-piece molded part, then for the ordinary manufacturing expert who is considering such a combination of two parts to form a single molded part, there are concerns as to how the stirrup cap can be moved relative to the screw ring, if both consist of a single piece.
  • a predetermined breaking point for example in the form of a tear skin, is arranged between the one and the other piece at defined areas, it is obvious for the user that he can tear open the strap cap to tear out the flexible bellows when opening the closure without great effort , which then separates the bracket cap and can be rotated relative to the screw ring.
  • the arrangement of the head wall of the stirrup cap in the one outer plane and the arrangement of the head wall of the screw ring on the other hand in the other inner plane, at a distance from the two planes from one another, is particularly expedient if, according to the invention, the head wall of the screw ring with at least one protruding outwardly Holding piece of a height is approximately equal to the distance to the top wall of the bracket cap is provided.
  • the attachment of a holding piece on the screw ring may suffice, but it will be expedient to attach at least two holding pieces, by means of which a sufficiently stable plastic part is formed, in which the user immediately recognizes the freely accessible brackets which he actuates when opening.
  • the holding piece has the shape of a circular ring section in plan view.
  • the screw ring itself consists of the cylindrical jacket-shaped surface, on the inside of which a thread is arranged for screwing on and the outside may be corrugated, with a free opening remaining towards the center of the container and upwards towards the outside the annular head wall connects, which also leaves a circular opening in the middle.
  • the holding piece which has a cross section similar to that of the screw ring itself, is to be thought along a part of this circle, albeit with different dimensions and proportions.
  • the holding piece can expediently be designed like a circular ring section.
  • the cross-section again results in an L-shape, ie a circular ring section adjoins the partial cylinder jacket, which lies in the same plane as the top wall of the stirrup cap. It is expedient if the transition from this circular ring section to the top wall of the stirrup cap takes place via the tear skin.
  • the invention therefore proposes that two diametrically opposed, arc-shaped holding pieces are formed on the screw ring and the tear skin, following the arc of the holding pieces, itself extends radially inwards from the holding pieces. So if two arch-shaped holding pieces are opposite each other, there are also two correspondingly arch-shaped tearing skins, so that the head wall of the bow cap is located between them.
  • a sealing flange is formed on the insert part on the side of the flexible bellows opposite the pouring spout.
  • the invention proposes to design the insert part from sufficiently soft and elastic plastic with suitably thin sealing flanges, so that it is advantageously unnecessary to insert an additional seal.
  • the sealing flange is advantageously ring-shaped and can be placed on the end face on the ring surface of the container neck and the screw ring can be clamped there.
  • a sealing cone can additionally be attached to the sealing flange according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention. While the sealing flange extends parallel to the plane of the head walls, the extent of the sealing cone is perpendicular to it, namely in the axial direction of the neck of the container. This sealing cone is also ring-shaped and runs at such a distance from the outer end of the sealing flange that it comes to rest in a good clamping position on the inside of the container neck.
  • the face of the neck of the container can sometimes be scratched or otherwise damaged during manufacture, or there may be sink marks. So even if the sealing flange on the insert part would ensure a good seal, the smallest leaks could still occur, but these are then switched off if the sealing cone is additionally provided.
  • the sealing cone practically has a double seal in the area of the ring-shaped upper, outer end of the container neck.
  • a further improvement of the sealing possibility at the outer end of the container neck consists in that, according to the invention, an annular projection is also attached to the surface of the sealing flange facing the container neck. This can be located, for example, in the middle between the circular outer edge of the sealing flange and the shoulder edge next to the sealing cone. Seen in cross section, this annular projection can be triangular, circular, bead-shaped, polygonal or the like.
  • a ring projection is formed on the sealing flange using simple means in one and the same injection molding machine when molding the insert.
  • the closure according to the invention can thus not only simplify and reduce the cost of automatic production, while maintaining good pouring properties, in particular by means of the flexible bellows, for example by combining two of the three parts, namely the screw ring and the bow cap, into one part, but integrity tightness can also be achieved at the same time because the insert part is made of softer plastic with thinner walls and can be provided with sealants (sealing flange, sealing cone, thread, etc.) at the appropriate points.
  • Such a closure can be screwed onto the usual container necks and ensures security of the device. because guarantee tapes or similar can be easily attached.
  • the generally designated 1 neck of the plastic canister has a toothing in the area 2 for engagement with locking tabs 3 for fixing the guarantee band 4 to the screw ring, generally designated 5, which consists of the cylindrical jacket-shaped wall 6 with external corrugation 7 on the one hand and headband 8 on the other.
  • the guarantee band 4 of the screw ring 5 is attached to this at the bottom, ie on the side towards the canister or from the outside towards the inside of the canister.
  • two diametrically opposed, arc-shaped holding pieces 9 are formed.
  • the plastic closure consists essentially of two parts, namely the already described screw ring 5 made of a harder plastic with thick walls for sufficient stability of the internal thread 10; and from the second, flexible part, preferably made of polyvinyl acetate, this being generally designated with insert part 11.
  • the insert part 11 in turn comprises the sealing flange 12, the annular sealing cone 13 formed thereon, both of which together have an L-shaped cross section, as can be seen from FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, and also the one starting from the connection of the two legs of this L and the flexible bellows 14 formed thereon and the outer part to form the pouring spout 15, on the inside of which the guarantee seal 16 is formed with a grip tape 17 over a circular predetermined breaking line 18 and which is provided on the outside with the external thread 19.
  • bracket cap On this external thread 19 is screwed with the corresponding internal thread 20, the generally designated 21 bracket cap, which is integrally formed with the screw ring 5.
  • Screw ring 5 and bow cap 21 are made in one piece in that they are connected to one another along two arcuate, diametrically opposed tearing skins 22.
  • the respective tear skin directly adjoins the arch-shaped holding pieces 9, specifically near the surface of the head wall 23 of the temple cap 21. From the illustration in FIG. 1, in which the tear skin 22 is shown thinned in cross section like a predetermined breaking line, you can see how the holding piece 9 is also L-shaped in cross section such that a cylindrical jacket-shaped part protrudes upward from the top wall 8 of the screw ring 5 and from there the other leg is attached, which is located approximately in the plane of the head wall 23 of the temple cap 21 and ends in the tear skin 22.
  • brackets 24 In the direction of the center M (FIG. 3) of the temple cap 21, the material of the temple 24 of the temple cap 21 is shown in addition to the tear skin 22.
  • Both brackets 24, which are completely visible from above in FIG. 3, have the same mirror-inverted design and are articulated in area 25 in the area of the axis a-a in the head wall 23 of the bracket cap 21, which also runs through the center point M. 2 along the line A-A of FIG. 3 it can clearly be seen that the bracket 24 projects freely to the outside without a direct connection (in this longitudinal section area) to the screw ring 5.
  • the bracket 24 is connected in the area of the arch-shaped holding supports (as shown in FIG. 1 in section) via the tear skin 22.
  • the user can therefore not easily grasp the brackets from the outside in the area of the holding supports, which is why the articulation area 25 is provided in the area of the holding supports, as shown in FIG. 3 in the middle thereof.
  • the gripping of the stirrups is, however, well offset in both positions by 90 ° to the articulation region 25, because according to the illustration in FIG. 2 the stirrups 24 are exposed here for gripping.
  • the important innovation in the embodiment of the plastic closure shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is thus in the two-part embodiment, one part being the insert part 11 and the other part being the screw ring 5, on which the two arch-shaped tearing skins 22 are also at the top the bracket cap 21 in the course of the same manufacturing process and is molded from the same plastic material.
  • the screw ring 5 and the bracket cap 21 could be referred to as a "screw cap”.
  • the arc-shaped holding pieces 9 have the shape of a circular ring section in the plan view of FIG. 3. In cross section they have the L shape shown in FIG. 1.
  • the web 9 running in the direction of the axis of the pouring spout 15 has a height d through which the lower surface of the head wall 23 of the bracket cap 21 is held at a distance from the lower surface of the head wall 8 of the screw ring 5. For this reason, the distance d also appears in FIG. 2.
  • a sealing flange 12 is formed on the insert part 11 on the side of the flexible bellows 14 opposite the pouring spout 15. This can be made of the same flexible and soft plastic material as the flexible bellows 14.
  • the sealing flange 12 is therefore just as flexible and resilient. 1 and 2, the sealing flange 12 is inserted between the front surface of the container neck 1 on the one hand and the lower or inner surface of the head wall 8 of the screw ring 5 on the other hand and pressed together by screwing the screw ring over the engagement of the thread 10, then there is a reliable seal, which has a circular ring shape in the embodiment shown.
  • a sealing cone 13 which is made of the same material as the sealing flange 12 and the flexible bellows 14.
  • the sealing cone 13 is also formed in a ring and in one piece on the sealing flange on the one hand and bellows 14 on the other hand, namely at the junction of these two parts with one another. While the sealing flange 12 is arranged in an approximately horizontal plane, i.e. in the plane of the front ring of the container neck 1, the wall of the sealing cone 13 extends perpendicularly thereto and thus runs at least with one surface parallel to the inner sleeve-shaped surface of the container neck 1. The sealing cone 13 lies on the surface of the container neck from the inside with firm contact , so that a double sealing function is achieved by the sealing flange 12 and the sealing cone 13.
  • Fig. 4 shows an alternative to the representation of FIGS. 1 and 2, a sealing flange 12, which also has a ring projection 26 has. 1 and 2, this lies on the end face of the container neck 1 and reliably creates an annular seal. It is also possible that the triangular profile shown in Fig. 4 of this ring projection 26 has a different shape, for example circular, oval, polygonal or the like.
  • a first part consisting of screw ring 5 and clip cap 21 is formed from the first material. Furthermore, the insert 11 with sealing flange 12, sealing cone 13, flexible bellows 14 and pouring spout 15 is formed from a second softer material (both plastic) (it goes without saying that the guarantee seal 16 is formed with tear line 18 and gripping band 17).
  • the screw ring 5 together with the bracket cap 21 is grasped and, after the insert 11 has been placed on the neck 1 of the container, is applied in such a way that the cylinder jacket-shaped wall 27 of the bracket cap 21 with the internal thread 20 onto the external thread 19 of the pouring spout 15 on the one hand; the internal thread 10 of the cylindrical wall 6 of the screw cap 5 is brought into engagement with the external thread 28 of the container neck 1 for the second; and the locking tabs 3 are brought with the teeth 2 of the neck 1 to the third in the guarantee lock position. The container is then closed and the guarantee cap attached.
  • the user now grips the brackets 24 without the need for tools, tears them open to open along the tear skin 22 designed as a weakening line or predetermined breaking line, until the tear line 22 of the tear skin 22 comes to the articulation area 25.
  • the user pulls both raised brackets 24 upwards and outwards in the direction of the axis of the pouring spout 15 and from the center of the canister away.
  • the tear skin 22 also tears off in the articulation region 25, so that the stirrup cap 21 is separated from the screw ring 5.
  • the user can then pull the middle part, consisting of flexible bellows 14 and pouring spout 15 together with the clip cap 21, out of the screw ring and container neck 1 upwards.
  • the flexible bellows 14 is deformed in a known manner.
  • the user can now unscrew the bracket cap 21, the threads 19 and 20 disengaging.
  • the user now grips the grip belt 17 and tears out the guarantee seal 16 along the circular break line 18.
  • the container is open, the contents can now be poured out in a targeted jet via the long pouring spout.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Fermeture plastique pouvant être vissée sur le goulot (1) d'un récipient en plastique, comportant une bague filetée (5) et une pièce d'insertion (11) avec un soufflet souple (14) et un bec verseur (15),sur le filetage extérieur (19) de laquelle peut être vissée une capsule à étrier (21), caractérisée en ce que la capsule à étrier (21) est conçue d'une manière monobloc avec la bague filetée (5), et que la paroi de face (23) de la capsule à étrier (21) est rapportée en saillie, à une distance (d) de la paroi de face (8) de la bague filetée (5).
  2. Fermeture plastique selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la capsule à étrier (21) est liée à la bague filetée (5) par l'intermédiaire d'une pellicule arrachable (22).
  3. Fermeture plastique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la paroi de face (8) de la bague filetée (5) est pourvue d'au moins un élément de soutien (9), en saillie en relief vers l'extérieur, ayant une hauteur approximativement égale à la distance (d) à la paroi de face (23) de la capsule à étrier (21).
  4. Fermeture plastique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que l'élément de soutien (9) présente en vue de dessus la forme d'un segment de cercle.
  5. Fermeture plastique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que deux éléments de soutien en forme d'arc (9), diamétralement opposés, sont rapportés à la bague filetée (5), et que la pellicule arrachable (22), qui suit l'arc des éléments de soutien (9), s'étend radialement vers l'intérieur à partir des éléments de soutien (9).
  6. Fermeture plastique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce qu'une collerette d'étanchéité (12) est rapportée à la pièce d'insertion (11) sur le côté du soufflet souple (14) opposé au bec verseur (15).
  7. Fermeture plastique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce qu'un cône d'étanchéité (13) est rapporté à la collerette d'étanchéité (12).
  8. Fermeture plastique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce qu'une saillie annulaire (26) est rapportée sur la surface de la collerette d'étanchéité (12) dirigée vers le goulot (1) du récipient (Figure 4).
EP88111567A 1987-09-09 1988-07-19 Fermeture en plastique pour un récipient en plastique Expired - Lifetime EP0306670B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873730225 DE3730225A1 (de) 1987-09-09 1987-09-09 Kunststoffverschluss fuer einen kunststoffbehaelter
DE3730225U 1987-09-09

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0306670A2 EP0306670A2 (fr) 1989-03-15
EP0306670A3 EP0306670A3 (en) 1990-05-23
EP0306670B1 true EP0306670B1 (fr) 1992-12-23

Family

ID=6335590

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88111567A Expired - Lifetime EP0306670B1 (fr) 1987-09-09 1988-07-19 Fermeture en plastique pour un récipient en plastique

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5004126A (fr)
EP (1) EP0306670B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6470365A (fr)
BR (1) BR8804624A (fr)
DE (2) DE3730225A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2036626T3 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA886409B (fr)

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US8814004B2 (en) * 2012-09-11 2014-08-26 Letica Corporation Tamper evident pull-out spout
ES2610737T3 (es) 2013-12-23 2017-05-03 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Dispositivo de apertura de un envase y procedimiento para fabricar tal dispositivo de apertura
US20160318671A1 (en) * 2015-05-01 2016-11-03 Randy J. Sessions Internal pull-out expandable contractible pour spout cap for liquid container openings
US10124930B2 (en) * 2014-05-24 2018-11-13 Sessions/Painter, Llc Pull-out expandable contractible pour spout cartridge insert for liquid container openings
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US10501240B2 (en) 2017-07-07 2019-12-10 Sessions/Painter, Llc Pull-out expandable contractible pour spout for a liquid container with a pour opening
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EP4021816A4 (fr) * 2019-08-29 2023-10-11 Rieke LLC Combinaison de bec verseur et de fermeture à l'épreuve des enfants
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DE1853501U (de) * 1962-03-30 1962-06-14 Jacob Berg Kom Ges Blechwarenf Ausgussverschluss aus kunststoff.
FR1513468A (fr) * 1966-12-30 1968-02-16 Perfectionnements au montage et au bouchage des bidons et autres récipients à goulot rapporté
US3817416A (en) * 1972-08-02 1974-06-18 A Costa Safety closure cap for containers
CH638452A5 (de) * 1979-03-30 1983-09-30 Createchnic Patent Ag Verschluss zum dichten verschliessen einer flasche.
US4261478A (en) * 1979-10-10 1981-04-14 Ruke Corporation Tamper-proof closure cap
FR2487301A1 (fr) * 1980-07-23 1982-01-29 Bouchons Plastiques Goulot escamotable par cloquage comprenant un systeme de garantie
FR2514330A1 (fr) * 1981-10-08 1983-04-15 Flextainer Ag Bouchon-verseur inviolable en matiere synthetique s'adaptant a des reservoirs pour liquides
IT8322185V0 (it) * 1983-06-22 1983-06-22 Victor Wassilieff Dispositivo di chiusura per contenitori di fluidi.
US4478242A (en) * 1983-08-25 1984-10-23 Liqui-Box Corporation Finger-actuated push-pull slideable dispensing valve
DE3536514A1 (de) * 1985-09-17 1987-03-26 Stolz Heinrich Einen verschluss aufweisender, insbesondere aus kunststoff bestehender behaelter
DE3542769A1 (de) * 1985-12-04 1987-06-11 Berg Jacob Gmbh Co Kg Balgverschluss mit integrierter belueftung
DE3545548A1 (de) * 1985-12-21 1987-07-02 Berg Jacob Gmbh Co Kg Garantieverschluss
FR2597072B1 (fr) * 1986-04-09 1988-12-16 Bouchons Plastiques Embout de recipient assurant l'impossibilite de remplissage apres epuisement de la charge initiale
FR2600631B1 (fr) * 1986-06-26 1989-03-31 Rical Sa Ensemble verseur et capsule de bouchage inviolable
DE3626154A1 (de) * 1986-08-01 1988-02-04 Henkel Kgaa Messbecherverschluss und verfahren zum montieren des verschlusses

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Publication number Publication date
DE3730225C2 (fr) 1989-07-27
EP0306670A2 (fr) 1989-03-15
ZA886409B (en) 1989-05-30
ES2036626T3 (es) 1993-06-01
BR8804624A (pt) 1989-04-18
DE3730225A1 (de) 1989-03-23
US5004126A (en) 1991-04-02
EP0306670A3 (en) 1990-05-23
DE3876903D1 (de) 1993-02-04
JPS6470365A (en) 1989-03-15

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