EP0304973A1 - Elément à retard pyrotechnique pour fusées retardatrices et son utilisation - Google Patents

Elément à retard pyrotechnique pour fusées retardatrices et son utilisation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0304973A1
EP0304973A1 EP88201431A EP88201431A EP0304973A1 EP 0304973 A1 EP0304973 A1 EP 0304973A1 EP 88201431 A EP88201431 A EP 88201431A EP 88201431 A EP88201431 A EP 88201431A EP 0304973 A1 EP0304973 A1 EP 0304973A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
delay element
primer
pyrotechnic delay
pyrotechnic
element according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88201431A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0304973B1 (fr
Inventor
Anton Dr. Phil. Gisler
Walter Rauber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft
Original Assignee
Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft filed Critical Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft
Priority to AT88201431T priority Critical patent/ATE68167T1/de
Publication of EP0304973A1 publication Critical patent/EP0304973A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0304973B1 publication Critical patent/EP0304973B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
    • C06B23/004—Chemical sensitisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C5/00—Fuses, e.g. fuse cords
    • C06C5/06—Fuse igniting means; Fuse connectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pyrotechnic delay element for delay detonators, at least consisting of a transfer primer consisting of fuel and oxygen carrier, a delay primer consisting of fuel, oxygen carrier, binder, sensitizer and inert additive, and an igniter for the main charge, the primers in succession in a sleeve are arranged. Preferred uses of the delay element are also claimed.
  • glass fiber reinforced paper is frowned upon for safety reasons in pyrotechnics (friction ignition; damage). There is also the risk that the safety or the reproducibility of the delay time is disturbed by a discontinuous fire due to heat build-up in the heat-insulating glass fiber paper and by the built-in baffles.
  • the design should be such that no expensive and difficult to manufacture baffles are necessary.
  • the sleeve consists of a metallic material of high heat and chemical resistance and that the retarding ignition charge consists of a mixture of a metallic fuel, a halogenated, polymerized oxidizer and a metallocene as a sensitizer.
  • the solution according to the invention allows the production of delay elements in dimensions which correspond to modern primers that function on a silver azide basis.
  • the main charges consist of high-performance explosives of a known type, such as nitro-penta, tetryl, hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX), octastit etc.
  • the delay element described in claim 2 is mainly used in weapon systems in which no electrical energy is provided for the ignition device.
  • the delay element is advantageously realized with the sleeve according to claim 3, since in addition to excellent thermal conductivity, it also has a high degree of chemical resistance.
  • the metallocenes listed in claim 4 have proven particularly useful as retarders in sensitization.
  • a targeted additional time delay in the combustion of the retarding ignition charge can be achieved by adding inert additives.
  • the oxygen carrier lead chromate in the proportion listed in claim 7, has proven to be very cheap in the retarding ignition charge.
  • the initiation of physical processes can be implemented in a simple manner by means of a pyrotechnic delay element. This is particularly advantageous when mechanical and / or electronic delay elements are out of the question due to high acceleration forces or other disturbance variables or when no corresponding energies are available.
  • the pyrotechnic delay element Fig. 1 consists of a metallic sleeve 1 made of light metal, in which a transmission ignition 3, a delay ignition 4 and an ignition 5 for a main charge 6 are installed one behind the other.
  • This light metal sleeve 1 is made in a manner known per se from a copper-free light metal (material DIN 1'725 No. 3.0615) and has a length of 17 mm and a diameter of 5 mm.
  • the wall thickness of the sleeve 1 is 0.75 mm; it has a bore 1a on the firing side, into which a commercially available ZK capsule is inserted.
  • a cover plate 7 made of 0.3 mm copperless aluminum is inserted through a bore 1b, which is penetrated by the resulting pressure wave after the delay time has elapsed and ignites the charge (explosive or explosive charge), which is not shown, in a known manner.
  • the transmission primer 3 consists of a mixture of silicon, lead chromate, red lead and nitrocellulose.
  • the silicon which acts as a fuel and has a grain size of 25 ⁇ m, is present in the transfer primer with a weight fraction of 30%.
  • Nitrocellulose acts as a binder with a weight fraction of 3%.
  • This powdery primer is manufactured with components of a commercially available grain size which are mixed wet in an acetone solution. This mixture is homogenized by means of ultrasound and then air-dried and granulated in a known manner. A granulate size of 0.5 to 0.7 mm has proven particularly useful, followed by further drying at 60 ° C.
  • the transmission primer is installed in the sleeve 1 by filling with subsequent pressing.
  • This transfer primer ensures safe ignition of the subsequent retarding primer. Despite the high reaction temperature, it only develops a small amount of gas, which prevents the other components from igniting prematurely.
  • a pyrotechnic delay element described above achieves reproducible delay times of 20 seconds; the spread within a series of 100 delay elements is a maximum of plus / minus 0.9 seconds.
  • the delay ignition device 4 is produced in an analogous manner to the production of the ignition ignition device 2 described below.
  • the result is a very slowly burning delay ignition device with relatively high reaction temperatures of 350-650 ° C. and only a very low gas yield.
  • the preferred exemplary embodiment has tungsten, with 10% by weight, and lead chromate, as an oxygen carrier, with 77% by weight as fuel. Nitrocellulose with a proportion of 2% by weight is used as a binder, and ferrocene with 1% by weight and polytetrafluoroethylene, in its function as an oxidizer, with 10% by weight are also present as sensitizers.
  • the delay element in FIG. 2 has a structure similar to that in FIG. 1.
  • a firing primer 2 is added, which is closed off by a cover plate 8.
  • a cover plate 8 Instead of a stab flame, a piercing needle, a firing pin or the like is struck into the firing set 2 to initiate the ignition.
  • the cover plate 8 is in turn made of copperless aluminum and has a thickness of 0.1 mm.
  • a powder mixture of antimony trisulfide with a proportion of 40% by weight and lead rhodanide with 6% by weight of friction agent and calcium silicide with 8% by weight has proven to be optimal; it serves as fuel.
  • potassium chlorate with a proportion of 40% by weight as oxygen carrier and tetrazene with 6% by weight as sensitizer are present.
  • the mixture of these powdered set components in their commercially available grain sizes of about 10 - 200 ⁇ m, depending on the component, are mixed together in a known process with a tumbling mixing drum (so-called TURBULA process) and then the mixture is metered and pressed into the appropriate dimensions .
  • the sleeve 1 ' has a smaller front opening than the FIG. 1 for receiving the firing pin or the piercing needle.
  • Firing primers in the following mixing ratios have proven their worth: Antimony trisulfide: 30 to 50% by weight Lead rhodanide: 5 to 15% by weight Calcium silicide: 5 to 10% by weight Potassium chlorate: 30 to 50% by weight Tetrazene: 2 to 7% by weight
  • transfer primers with the following mixtures can be used: Silicon: 10 to 40% by weight Lead chromate: 20 to 40% by weight Red lead: 20 to 50% by weight Nitrocellulose: 1 to 5% by weight
  • Delay primers with a long delay can have the following mixture ratios: Tungsten: 5 to 30% by weight Lead chromate: 50 to 80% by weight Nitrocellulose: 1 to 4% by weight Ferrocene: 1 to 4% by weight Polytetrafluoroethylene: 5 to 20% by weight
  • the rate of combustion of a retarding primer can also be predetermined by inert additives such as glass powder, microballoons (glass beads evacuated or filled with air or an inert gas), barium sulfate, metal salicylates such as copper salicylates and / or sandwich molecules.
  • inert additives such as glass powder, microballoons (glass beads evacuated or filled with air or an inert gas), barium sulfate, metal salicylates such as copper salicylates and / or sandwich molecules.
  • the metallocene acting as a sensitizer - despite its low mixing proportion - is of great importance in increasing the functional reliability.
  • ferrocene The following metallocenes were successfully used: nickelocene, cobaltocene and ruthenocene.
  • Delay times from 1 to around 30 seconds can be reproducibly determined experimentally.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Pulse Circuits (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Ignition Timing (AREA)
EP88201431A 1987-07-29 1988-07-07 Elément à retard pyrotechnique pour fusées retardatrices et son utilisation Expired - Lifetime EP0304973B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88201431T ATE68167T1 (de) 1987-07-29 1988-07-07 Pyrotechnisches verzoegerungselement fuer verzoegerungszuender sowie dessen verwendung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2890/87A CH676389A5 (fr) 1987-07-29 1987-07-29
CH2890/87 1987-07-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0304973A1 true EP0304973A1 (fr) 1989-03-01
EP0304973B1 EP0304973B1 (fr) 1991-10-09

Family

ID=4243897

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88201431A Expired - Lifetime EP0304973B1 (fr) 1987-07-29 1988-07-07 Elément à retard pyrotechnique pour fusées retardatrices et son utilisation

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4841856A (fr)
EP (1) EP0304973B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE68167T1 (fr)
CH (1) CH676389A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3865402D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2026639T3 (fr)
IL (1) IL86917A (fr)
NO (1) NO171037C (fr)
SG (1) SG13493G (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2667594A1 (fr) * 1990-10-05 1992-04-10 Breed Automotive Tech Compositions de primaire/detonateur pour utilisation dans des structures en aluminium.
FR2667593A1 (fr) * 1990-10-05 1992-04-10 Breed Automotive Tech Compositions de primaire/detonateur pour utilisation dans des structures en cuivre.
EP0847972A1 (fr) 1996-12-13 1998-06-17 Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft vertreten durch die SM Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung der Gruppe für Rüstungsdienste Retard pyrotechnique, son procédé de fabrication et son utilisation
WO2007110819A1 (fr) * 2006-03-24 2007-10-04 African Explosives Limited Detonation d'explosifs
WO2016075091A1 (fr) * 2014-11-10 2016-05-19 Dynitec Gmbh Élément retardateur pyrotechnique
KR20170079685A (ko) * 2015-12-30 2017-07-10 주식회사 한화 일체형 격침식지연관을 구비한 화공식 자폭 자탄신관

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5003879A (en) * 1989-11-06 1991-04-02 Propellex Delay detonator
FR2665254B1 (fr) * 1990-07-27 1992-10-16 Giat Ind Sa Systeme d'allumage pour une composition pyrotechnique.
IL96684A0 (fr) * 1990-12-16 1991-09-16
US5386780A (en) * 1992-10-21 1995-02-07 Halliburton Company Method and apparatus for extended time delay of the detonation of a downhole explosive assembly
DE19823999C2 (de) * 1998-05-28 2002-07-18 Nico Pyrotechnik Verfahren zur Herstellung von pyrotechnischen Anzündern
CA2340523C (fr) * 2001-03-09 2009-06-02 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd. Compositions de retardement, et dispositifs de retardement de detonation utilisant ces compositions
WO2005005911A2 (fr) 2003-04-30 2005-01-20 Dyno Nobel, Inc. Element energetique a temporisation lineaire
EP1622851A2 (fr) * 2003-04-30 2006-02-08 Dyno Nobel Inc. Dispositif de transmission de signaux tubulaire et procede de fabrication
USD778392S1 (en) 2015-03-02 2017-02-07 Timothy G. Smith Lead-free rimfire projectile
US10222183B2 (en) 2015-03-02 2019-03-05 Timothy G. Smith Lead-free rimfire projectile
US20190023629A1 (en) * 2016-10-05 2019-01-24 Olin Corporation Pyrotechnic compositions

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2990264A (en) * 1950-08-03 1961-06-27 Raymond H Comyn Nongaseous pyrotechnic delay mixture
DE1243067B (de) * 1965-11-13 1967-06-22 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Perkussionszuendsatz fuer Niederdruck-Zuendung
US3726730A (en) * 1972-03-20 1973-04-10 Us Navy Pyrotechnic delay composition containing heavy metal soap
US4000022A (en) * 1974-10-17 1976-12-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Fast-burning compositions of fluorinated polymers and metal powders
GB1497531A (en) * 1965-06-22 1978-01-12 Nitrochemie Gmbh Solid propellant grain having an improved burning rate
BE861696A (fr) * 1976-07-30 1978-06-09 Hercules Inc Perfectionnements aux detonateurs non electriques
US4108696A (en) * 1968-04-01 1978-08-22 Thiokol Corporation Solid propellant having incorporated therein a ferrocene combustion catalyst
GB2089336A (en) * 1980-12-17 1982-06-23 Cxa Ltd Delay composition of detonators

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3948698A (en) * 1967-09-06 1976-04-06 Hercules Incorporated Solid propellant compositions having epoxy cured, carboxy-terminated rubber binder
US4017342A (en) * 1976-04-05 1977-04-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Method for improving metal combustion in solid rocket propellants
US4092383A (en) * 1977-08-15 1978-05-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Modification of ballistic properties of HMX by spray drying
FR2567895B1 (fr) * 1984-07-20 1986-11-21 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Polymere a insaturations ethyleniques comportant des groupements silylmetallocenes, procede de fabrication de ce polymere, et composition propulsive ayant comme liant ce polymere

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2990264A (en) * 1950-08-03 1961-06-27 Raymond H Comyn Nongaseous pyrotechnic delay mixture
GB1497531A (en) * 1965-06-22 1978-01-12 Nitrochemie Gmbh Solid propellant grain having an improved burning rate
DE1243067B (de) * 1965-11-13 1967-06-22 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Perkussionszuendsatz fuer Niederdruck-Zuendung
US4108696A (en) * 1968-04-01 1978-08-22 Thiokol Corporation Solid propellant having incorporated therein a ferrocene combustion catalyst
US3726730A (en) * 1972-03-20 1973-04-10 Us Navy Pyrotechnic delay composition containing heavy metal soap
US4000022A (en) * 1974-10-17 1976-12-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Fast-burning compositions of fluorinated polymers and metal powders
BE861696A (fr) * 1976-07-30 1978-06-09 Hercules Inc Perfectionnements aux detonateurs non electriques
GB2089336A (en) * 1980-12-17 1982-06-23 Cxa Ltd Delay composition of detonators

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2667594A1 (fr) * 1990-10-05 1992-04-10 Breed Automotive Tech Compositions de primaire/detonateur pour utilisation dans des structures en aluminium.
FR2667593A1 (fr) * 1990-10-05 1992-04-10 Breed Automotive Tech Compositions de primaire/detonateur pour utilisation dans des structures en cuivre.
EP0847972A1 (fr) 1996-12-13 1998-06-17 Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft vertreten durch die SM Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung der Gruppe für Rüstungsdienste Retard pyrotechnique, son procédé de fabrication et son utilisation
WO2007110819A1 (fr) * 2006-03-24 2007-10-04 African Explosives Limited Detonation d'explosifs
WO2016075091A1 (fr) * 2014-11-10 2016-05-19 Dynitec Gmbh Élément retardateur pyrotechnique
KR20170079685A (ko) * 2015-12-30 2017-07-10 주식회사 한화 일체형 격침식지연관을 구비한 화공식 자폭 자탄신관

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SG13493G (en) 1993-04-16
NO883338L (no) 1989-01-30
IL86917A (en) 1993-08-18
ES2026639T3 (es) 1992-05-01
CH676389A5 (fr) 1991-01-15
NO883338D0 (no) 1988-07-28
NO171037C (no) 1993-01-13
US4841856A (en) 1989-06-27
EP0304973B1 (fr) 1991-10-09
IL86917A0 (en) 1988-11-30
DE3865402D1 (de) 1991-11-14
NO171037B (no) 1992-10-05
ATE68167T1 (de) 1991-10-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0304973B1 (fr) Elément à retard pyrotechnique pour fusées retardatrices et son utilisation
US4179992A (en) Primer-igniter for gun propellants
DE102005011638A1 (de) Mit reaktivem Material angereicherte Projektile und verwandte Verfahren
MXPA97001695A (en) Load configured for a drilling rod that has a main explosive body, including tatb and a sensi detonator
US7712419B1 (en) Hand grenade fuze
DE2752946B2 (de) Verwendung einer Brandmasse für Brandgeschosse
DE19651170A1 (de) Zünderloses, ballistisches Sprenggeschoß
CH622232A5 (fr)
DE3105060C1 (de) Zündstoffmischung ohne Initialsprengstoff und Anordnung der Zündstoffmischung in einem Geschoß
DE2414310C2 (fr)
DE19606237A1 (de) Blei- und Barium-freie, ungiftige Zündmischungen mit Zinnoxid als Hauptoxidationsmittel
DE1924626C3 (de) Zündvorrichtung für Treibladungen
JPH075422B2 (ja) 難燃性爆薬組成物
EP0218947B1 (fr) Fusée d'impact comportant une amorce à percussion
DE2138371C3 (de) Pyrotechnische Zündkette für Aufschlagzünder nut verzögerter Wirkung im Ziel, insbesondere für Flugabwehrgeschosse
DE3133634C2 (fr)
DE2808394C3 (de) Tetrazen enthaltendes, anstichempfindliches Zündstoffgemisch und dessen Verwendung
DE19747183C2 (de) Aufschlagzünder mit beweglicher pyrotechnischer Masse
DE2633168C3 (de) Verzögerungsdetonator
DE2648331B1 (de) Zeitverzoegerungszuendeinrichtung
WO1986003828A1 (fr) Detonateur auto-destructeur
DE224371C (fr)
DE69003627T2 (de) Zündmittelzusammensetzung für pyrotechnisches Verzögerungselement.
DE306395C (fr)
US7981225B1 (en) Lead free detonator and composition

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19890509

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19910211

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 68167

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19911015

Kind code of ref document: T

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: ING. ZINI MARANESI & C. S.R.L.

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3865402

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19911114

ET Fr: translation filed
GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2026639

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19940701

Year of fee payment: 7

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19940701

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19940707

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19940708

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19940729

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19940731

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19940919

Year of fee payment: 7

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 88201431.9

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19950707

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19950707

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19950708

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF THE APPLICANT RENOUNCES

Effective date: 19950708

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19950731

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: SCHWEIZERISCHE EIDGENOSSENSCHAFT VERTRETEN DURCH

Effective date: 19950731

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19950707

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19960402

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 88201431.9

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19960430

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19960923

Year of fee payment: 9

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970731

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970731

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 19991007

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050707