EP0304595A1 - Unité de chauffage électrique - Google Patents

Unité de chauffage électrique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0304595A1
EP0304595A1 EP88111091A EP88111091A EP0304595A1 EP 0304595 A1 EP0304595 A1 EP 0304595A1 EP 88111091 A EP88111091 A EP 88111091A EP 88111091 A EP88111091 A EP 88111091A EP 0304595 A1 EP0304595 A1 EP 0304595A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
heating resistor
carrier
adhesive
heated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88111091A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0304595B1 (fr
Inventor
Josef Dr. Lorenz
Robert Kicherer
Ewald Keller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH
Original Assignee
EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH filed Critical EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH
Publication of EP0304595A1 publication Critical patent/EP0304595A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0304595B1 publication Critical patent/EP0304595B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
    • H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical heating unit for a body to be heated with a support and an electrical heating resistor arranged, for example, in the form of a flat layer.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electric heating unit of the type mentioned, which ensures an easy installation of the heating resistor in the heating unit with a simple structure and high temperature resistance.
  • the heating unit has at least one flat support with at least one heating resistor. It is particularly advantageous if the carrier is at least partially formed by a paper-like substrate which, when coated, forms a unit with at least one heating resistor. In contrast to an etched heating conductor, a much higher temperature resistance can be ensured in spite of simpler production in such an arrangement, and the heating resistor can also be applied in the manner of a thick layer in a substantially greater material thickness, so that higher heating outputs can also be achieved.
  • the heating resistor can also be arranged between two identical or similar carrier layers of the same or different thickness.
  • the electric heating unit can be used for a wide variety of bodies to be heated, for example for flat bodies such as heating plates, mirror plates or mirror glasses and the like.
  • At least one heating resistor with the associated carrier expediently forms a self-contained structural unit in the form of a heating device, the carrier having the flat-layer heating resistor on one Receiving side and the heating resistor forms a heating resistor surface facing away from this receiving side, which can form a bare exposed metal surface in the associated unit before the heating device is installed.
  • the heating device has, on its side associated with the heating resistor surface, an adhesive connection which is provided at least over part of the surface for direct connection to a counter surface intended for holding the heating device, either directly through a surface of the body to be heated or, in certain cases , can also be formed by a surface facing away from it.
  • the heating resistor surface is then only covered by this counter surface or by the adhesive connection at the latest after assembly and is therefore protected or electrically insulated.
  • the adhesive connection can also be provided over the entire surface so that it covers both the entire heating resistor surface and the associated surface of the carrier.
  • the adhesive connection can optionally be formed by an adhesive layer that hardens only when the heating resistor is fastened, for example previously applied plastically or liquid, so that after connecting the heating resistor and to the heating body, only this single adhesive connection layer is provided between these parts.
  • the adhesive connection is formed by an adhesive layer, which can have a relatively small layer thickness of, for example, at most the thickness of the heating resistor or less, although a layer thickness which is greater than the thickness of the heating resistor can also be advantageous for some areas of application.
  • the adhesive layer it is conceivable to use a two-component adhesive as the adhesive layer.
  • the adhesive connection maintains a certain permanent elasticity, so that Tensions in the connection between the heating device and the body to be heated are constantly compensated for by themselves without damage.
  • a silicone or silicone resin adhesive is particularly suitable as a bonding layer.
  • the solidification takes place by means of a chemical reaction with atmospheric moisture, small amounts of acetic acid being released as the degradation product.
  • the heating device according to the invention is, in particular in such an embodiment, stable against permanent temperatures of above 100 ° C. to at least 150 ° C., and brief peak loads of up to approximately 300 ° C. are possible.
  • the adhesive in flowable viscosity, is applied directly to the heating resistor and to a sub-film which may carry it, since then very thin layers and a very uniform distribution can be achieved.
  • the adhesive known under the trademark PACTAN can be used as an adhesive, or an adhesive that connects in a tension-compensating manner, has good sealing properties, maintains elasticity, elasticity and notch resistance even at high and low temperatures, against water, water vapor, dilute acids, alkalis and Salt solutions are resistant, aging-resistant and embrittlement-free and also have good electrical insulating properties and finally have a low volume shrinkage of preferably less than 5% when solidifying.
  • the adhesive connection is formed by a preferably layer-like or film-like, prefabricated self-adhesive layer which is effective on both sides or on all sides which, for example, can be a transparent acrylate layer with a thickness of the order of 0.13 mm.
  • a transparent acrylate layer with a thickness of the order of 0.13 mm.
  • Such an adhesive layer which can be provided on each side with an easily removable protective cover, for example made of siliconized paper, can have a heat resistance well above 100 °, for example up to at least 130 ° C, and can be easily attached to the outer contour adjust the heater or its support or the body to be heated by cutting.
  • the heating resistor can also be attached with its surface facing away from the body to be heated by means of an adhesive connection to a suitable carrier, in particular the above-mentioned back or bottom film, or can form a self-contained, inseparable structural unit through this adhesive connection with the carrier.
  • a very advantageous and secure connection can also result from the fact that the heating resistor is produced by coating, such as, for example, printing on the associated receiving side, so that the adhesion arising from the pressure alone forms the adhesive connection.
  • the heating resistor is not printed directly on the body to be heated, it expediently forms a printed unit with the carrier, which can then be very easily attached to the body to be heated via the first-mentioned adhesive connection.
  • a bottom film would expediently have to be attached as a cover for the heating resistor after the heating resistor had been printed on.
  • the heating resistor can be stabilized or hardened in an advantageous manner, for example, by baking it into the carrier at a temperature of the order of 200 ° C.
  • a particularly advantageous development of the subject matter of the invention consists in that at least the receiving side of the body to be heated consists of electrically insulating material, a ceramic material, in particular a glass-ceramic material, having proven to be particularly advantageous and the body to be heated usefully over its entire cross section or its entire panel thickness consists of one layer made of the same material, although a two- or multi-layer structure of the body itself, depending on the use, is also conceivable.
  • the heating plate according to the invention is particularly suitable for flat warming plates in the household area, but also for curved designs, such as may be required on containers.
  • An advantageous application is also to prevent the fogging of mirrors by the heating unit or to keep the outside mirrors free of ice.
  • a material made of a high-temperature-resistant plastic, in particular a polymer is proposed for the carrier, which can preferably be produced from individual particles in the manner of a synthetic paper, for example on a conventional paper machine, from a slurry. If this raw material is heavily compressed, for example by calendering at high temperature, the result is a very tough, tensile and tear-resistant, flame-retardant, self-extinguishing, non-melting and flexible film with a high permanent temperature resistance of almost the same values of the adhesive bond or only slightly lower Values with very good dielectric properties, low shrinkage at elevated temperatures, high tightness and very good chemical resistance to common solvents, resins and oils.
  • the permanent temperature resistance can reach up to about 220 ° C and so on Similar to the adhesive of the adhesive connection, resistance to over 300 ° C can also be given in the case of brief peak loads.
  • the carrier consists of an aromatic polyamide, as is known, for example, under the name aramid. Furthermore, it is advantageous if elongate or flat particles in the manner of fibers or flakes are used to produce the carrier, a particularly advantageous composite being obtained if not only uniform particles, but for example both flakes and fibers are mixed together. It is also conceivable to construct the carrier from two or more identical or different layers in the manner of a laminate as a composite body, it being possible, for example, to arrange a further film layer made of a homogeneous material, for example polyester, between two film layers of the type mentioned.
  • the paper known under the trademark NOMEX from DUPONT or the paper known under the trademark PRETEX from Faser area GmbH Lahnstein can be used.
  • a paper-like material is also conceivable in which long-fiber cellulose fibers mixed with polyamide fibers are used in combination with synthetic binders of the class acrylic acid ester copolymers.
  • the surface structure forming the support can be provided with a one- or both-sided top coat.
  • a heating unit 1 is shown by way of example with a heating device for a power of approximately 70 W under a voltage of approximately 220 V, which are designed for a continuous operating temperature of approximately 130 ° C. can and has edge dimensions of less than 1 m.
  • the heating device 1 is oblong rectangular in view with a longer edge dimension which, for example, is approximately twice as large as the smaller edge dimension, for example approximately 30 cm.
  • the heating device has a flat-layer heating resistor 2, which has a thickness of less than 1 mm, or the thickness of which may be of the order of a tenth of a millimeter.
  • the heating resistor 2 is expediently formed from a metal and / or graphite-containing paste, in particular a polymer paste, and is laid in a meandering manner in such a way that a large number of sections 4 of equal length lying next to one another and with a small spacing are formed, which are parallel to the longitudinal edges of the heating device, the two outermost sections 4 being at a distance from the associated longitudinal edges of a carrier 3 which is approximately two to three times greater than the distance between adjacent sections 4.
  • the heating resistor 3 expediently consists of a polymer paste which is applied to the carrier 3 in the manner of a printing process and thus forms a printed, electrical conductor track.
  • the two ends of this conductor track are adjacent and laid parallel to each other parallel to a narrow edge of the carrier 3 and form areally enlarged connection ends 5 on the same side of the carrier 3 on which the remaining heating resistor 2 is also located.
  • the carrier 3 is formed by a paper-like synthetic film of substantially less than 1 mm in thickness, which together with the heating resistor 2 can have a total thickness of only a few tenths of a millimeter, for example approximately or less than three to five tenths of a millimeter.
  • the heating resistor 2 with its associated surface 15 lying essentially in one plane or surface is connected via an adhesive connection 16 applied, which is formed directly by adhesion between the metallic surface 15 and the associated side of the carrier 3 without additional adhesive.
  • the heating resistor 2 can consist of a silver polymer paste or a mixture of a silver and a graphite polymer paste.
  • the other, parallel to the surface 15 and also essentially continuous in one plane or surface lying metallic surface 12 of the heating resistor 2 is free or bare before the arrangement on the body 10 to be heated, so that the heating device before assembly only needs to exist two layers, of which the heating resistor 2 forms a boundary layer.
  • the heating device With this surface 12 and without gaps with the parts of the associated surface of the carrier 3 that are exposed between the sections 4 of the heating resistor 2, the heating device is then permanently or permanently attached to the associated, smooth or flat receiving side of the body 10 to be heated by means of an adhesive connection 13 .
  • This adhesive connection 13 is expediently produced using a separate adhesive in the form of an adhesive layer 14, the thickness of which may be approximately in the order of the total thickness of the heating device, the thickness of which is therefore only slightly larger or smaller than or approximately the same as the thickness of the heating resistor 2 itself can be.
  • the film heating element or the heating device is expediently coated on the associated side printed with the conductor track and over its entire extent, after which it can be mounted by applying it to the dry, untreated receiving side 11 of the body 10. After application, pressing can be done by smoothing, rolling, flat pressure or the like. be made.
  • the carrier 3 has a plurality of openings 9 which are expediently arranged such that they only penetrate the carrier 3 in such areas , in which the heating resistor 2 is not.
  • the openings 9 are therefore expediently designed as slots lying parallel to the sections 4 and between these sections 4, the longitudinal boundaries of which are expediently located at a short distance from the associated heating resistor sections 4.
  • edges 17, which are approximately the same width in the area of the connecting ends 5 as in the area of the longitudinal edges and on the edge opposite the connecting ends 5, are adhered to the receiving side 11 of the up to their edge edges protruding beyond the heating resistor 2 fixed heating body 10 and thus form an all-round, ring seal-like closure, which is expediently set back relative to the associated outer edges of the body 10 to be heated.
  • the heating resistor is permanently sealed in a watertight manner by embedding to the outside and is partially embedded directly in the adhesive layer 14 and is thus also advantageously secured against leakage currents.
  • connecting lines 6 are connected at one end.
  • These connecting lines 6, which are expediently made of highly flexible material and can be formed, for example, by copper strands, are supplied from the side of the carrier 3 facing away from the heating resistor 2 and pass through this and the heating resistor 2 or its connecting ends 5 in the region of openings whose width is greater than the cross section of the connecting lines 6.
  • connecting heads 7 are provided, which completely fill the openings mentioned in the connecting ends 5 and the carrier 3, consist of electrically highly conductive material, for example solder material, and are essentially flush or flush with the surface 12 of the heating resistor 2 complete so that they reach at most up to this surface 12.
  • the respective connecting head 7 protrudes like a rivet head by a fraction of a millimeter or a tenth of a millimeter above the surface, in particular at most by the thickness of the adhesive layer 16, so that this part can also be embedded in the adhesive layer 14.
  • the respective connecting line 6 is expediently provided with a flexible insulation 18, which however begins only at a certain distance from the carrier 3 or the connecting head 7, so that a short, exposed section of the connecting line 6 is provided between the insulation 18 and the carrier 3 is.
  • the insulation can be formed by using a siliconized copper braid.
  • connecting members 8 are provided, for example in the form of plug sleeves, so that the heating device can be easily and electrically connected by plug connections.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 the same reference numerals are used for corresponding parts as in the other figures, but each with different letter indices.
  • the heating unit represents a wall mirror for a wet or sanitary room, in which, as in the case of a bathroom, for example, the mirror can be exposed to such a high level of humidity that it always tends to fog up .
  • the mirror glass forming the body 10a to be heated is arranged in a frame-like base body 20 made of plastic or a similar material with electrically insulating properties, which covers the entire surface of the body 10a on the back and also encompasses it closed on the outer edge over the circumference.
  • the carrier 17a is expediently arranged as an additional electrical safety protective layer between the heating resistor 2a and the body 10a. Therefore, the heating device with the heating resistor 2a remote from the body 10a is advantageously attached directly to a plate-shaped back part of the base body 20. At least the whole, the heating resistor stood 2a receiving surface of the carrier 3a can be covered with a thin self-adhesive layer or in particular with a similar or the same layer as the carrier, gapless and moisture-proof so that the heating resistor 2a completely in the manner of a sandwich construction between the carrier 3a and the whole area adhesive layer 30 is embedded.
  • the heating device is fastened to the base body 20 with an adhesive connection 19 which is separate from the heating resistor 2a at a distance or outside the heated field and which, although it can be formed by a full-surface adhesive or self-adhesive layer, is expediently so by individual, small-area and spaced, thicker adhesive connections 19 is formed so that the associated sides can always be exposed to ventilation.
  • the adhesive connections 19 are, for example, four individual pieces of self-adhesive layers lying in the corner regions of the body 10a or an imaginary square, one side directly on the side of the carrier 3a associated with the heating resistor 2a or on the additional layer 30 and the other side directly can be adhesively attached to the front of the base body 20.
  • the adhesive connections 19 also act in the manner of spacers, by means of which a gap 9a is kept free for ventilation between the remaining carrier 3a and the front of the base body 20.
  • the circumferential edges of the body 10a also lie at a gap distance from the base body 20, which results in a chimney-like air flow or circulation along the rear of the heating unit. Due to the described configuration, the body 10a is fastened to the base body 20 exclusively by its connection to the heating device or to the carrier 3a, so that separate fastening members connecting the body 10a directly to the base body 20 are not required.
  • the heated object or the heating unit 1b represents a car exterior mirror, which is designed to be heatable in particular for the purpose of rapid deicing, the heating in this case using low current of, for example, 12 to 24 volt voltage is to be operated.
  • the heating device which consists of at least one heating resistor 2b, carrier 3b and self-adhesive layer 19b and is considerably thinner than the mirror glass 10b, is arranged between the mirror glass 10b and a base plate 20b receiving the latter, which in turn is adjustable in a mirror housing for mirror adjustment.
  • the heating resistor 2b is located on the side of the carrier 3b facing the mirror glass 10b, on the side thereof remote from which the self-adhesive layer 19b is arranged.
  • the adhesive connection 13b to the mirror glass 10b is produced by means of a self-adhesive layer 14b, which is first applied to the mirror glass 10b or to the mirroring layer provided on the rear side and, in this respect, represents a prefabricated structural unit with the mirror glass 10b.
  • the self-adhesive layer 14b On its side facing away from the mirror glass 10b, the self-adhesive layer 14b is initially covered with a protective film 28. After removal of this protective film 28, the heating device with the surface 12b of the heating resistor 2b is attached to the self-adhesive layer 14b and thus to the mirror glass 10b.
  • the base plate 20b has a large-area, approximately circular opening extending approximately to its longitudinal edges, in the edge region of which there is a ring of fastening elements projecting beyond the rear side which is provided in the form of, for example, one-piece snap members formed with the base plate.
  • the self-adhesive layer 19b is also expediently provided with an opening in this area.
  • the heating resistor 2b forms at least two separately or essentially independently switchable heating circuits 21, 22, each of which is distributed substantially uniformly over the entire surface of the heating device or of the mirror glass 10b in that the two heating circuits are laid in a meandering manner one inside the other are.
  • the heating circuit 21 runs in two mutually parallel meandering sections directly adjacent to the mutually opposite longitudinal edges of the mirror glass 10b, while the heating circuit 22 engages in the mutually facing meandering openings of these two meandering sections likewise with two mutually parallel meandering sections and thereby slightly from the mentioned longitudinal edges of the mirror glass 10b has a greater distance.
  • connection ends 5b merge in pairs adjacent to a narrow side of the mirror glass 10b to form common connection ends 5b.
  • An electrical connection element 8b is electrically conductively connected to these connection ends 5b by a mechanical connection, namely by a rivet 7b.
  • the shaft of the rivet 7b passes through the carrier 3b and the associated connecting end 5b and has a layer-like flat disk-shaped rivet on the side of the heating resistor 2b facing away from the carrier 3b head with a thickness that can be of the order of one to a few tenths of a millimeter and is expediently pressed into the connection end 5b or the carrier 3b in such a way that its surface facing away from the heating resistor 2b is at least almost in the plane of the associated surface of the rest Heating resistor 2b is.
  • the other, substantially thicker rivet head rests on the side of a leg of the angular connecting element 8b facing away from the carrier 3b, this leg being able to be supported over the entire surface on the side of the carrier 3b facing away from the heating resistor 2b.
  • the other leg of the connecting member 8b projecting towards the rear over the carrier 3b forms an electrical plug in the form of a flat tongue which passes through an opening in the base plate 20b which is adapted to it and on the rear side of which is exposed for detachable connection to the mating connector of a connecting line.
  • a temperature switch 25 is interposed according to the invention, which, in contrast to a PTC temperature monitor, can have a significantly higher temperature resistance especially when it is used as a mechanical switch, for example as a bimetal Snap disc thermostat is designed.
  • This temperature switch 25 is fastened within the aforementioned opening in the self-adhesive layer 19b on the back of the carrier 3b with a flat adhesive connection 27 and has, for example, a flat housing, rectangular in view, which is only supported by the carrier 3b lying parallel to it, so that the temperature switch 25 forms a structural unit with the heating device.
  • the heating circuit 21 Adjacent to the connection ends 5b, the heating circuit 21 is interrupted, so that it forms two further, spaced-apart ends which can be connected to the temperature switch 25 via two short and essentially straight connection wires provided with insulating jackets.
  • connection ends of the heating circuit 21 is expediently penetrated by an electrical connection member, which can be designed as a rivet, in particular as a hollow rivet, and whose rivet head lying on the surface 12b of the heating resistor is expediently formed and sunk as described with reference to the rivet heads of the connection ends 5b is arranged.
  • the end of the associated connecting wire 26 is expediently fastened to the other rivet head with a soldering head 24.
  • the two heating circuits 21, 22 are first operated in parallel, so that a heating output of more than 35 watts, for example between about 40 to 45 or more watts, results.
  • the temperature switch 25 is adjusted so that it opens at a temperature between approximately 30 and 50 ° C., preferably approximately 40 ° C., and thus switches off the heating circuit 21, while the heating circuit 22 continues to operate with a so-called steady-state power.
  • This steady-state power is expediently below half the total power or power of the heating circuit 21, namely, for example, between approximately 7.5 and 11 watts.
  • the switching hysteresis of the temperature switch 25 is relatively high, namely above 15 to 25 ° C, preferably around 30 ° C, so that the temperature switch 25 only switches on again when it cools down to a temperature above freezing point, but relatively close to it , where a switch-on temperature in the order of 10 ° C has proven to be expedient.
  • this temperature is maintained by the steady-state performance below the usually occurring outside temperatures hold so that the temperature switch 25 does not turn on again, but the heating circuit 21 is only switched on when the exterior mirror has cooled below about 10 ° C after a long time and therefore in a short time, namely within a few minutes to be kept by the heating circuit 22 Operating temperature should be heated.
  • the carrier has a temperature resistance up to about 200 ° C
  • the temperature switch has a temperature resistance well above 100 ° C
  • the adhesive bonds have temperature strengths up to about 130 ° C or are functionally heat-resistant up to these temperatures.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
EP88111091A 1987-07-15 1988-07-12 Unité de chauffage électrique Expired - Lifetime EP0304595B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3723345 1987-07-15
DE19873723345 DE3723345A1 (de) 1987-07-15 1987-07-15 Elektrische heizvorrichtung fuer eine heizplatte

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0304595A1 true EP0304595A1 (fr) 1989-03-01
EP0304595B1 EP0304595B1 (fr) 1992-05-20

Family

ID=6331595

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88111091A Expired - Lifetime EP0304595B1 (fr) 1987-07-15 1988-07-12 Unité de chauffage électrique

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4910388A (fr)
EP (1) EP0304595B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6431369A (fr)
KR (1) KR970002279B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3723345A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2032904T3 (fr)
YU (1) YU135888A (fr)

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1218221B (it) * 1988-04-15 1990-04-12 Bayer Ag Sistemi di riscaldamento ad alta temperatura e metodo per produrli
DE4341035A1 (de) * 1993-12-02 1995-06-08 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Beheizung mit einer Heizeinheit
DE4341036A1 (de) * 1993-12-02 1995-06-08 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Beheizung
US5380981A (en) * 1993-05-04 1995-01-10 Feldman; Bernard Economical bathroom mirror heater
DE19508315C1 (de) * 1995-03-09 1996-05-09 Vontana Wasserbetten Gmbh Heizungsvorrichtung für Wasserbetten
US5961869A (en) * 1995-11-13 1999-10-05 Irgens; O. Stephan Electrically insulated adhesive-coated heating element
DE19711541A1 (de) * 1997-03-20 1998-09-24 Ako Werke Gmbh & Co Elektrokochplatte
AUPQ272099A0 (en) * 1999-09-09 1999-09-30 Pillinger, Barry Ernest Laminated anti-fogging mirror assembly
DE19961781C2 (de) * 1999-12-21 2003-07-24 Bsh Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Laminierbare Heizungsfolie mit hoher Temperaturbeständigkeit und Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer derartigen Heizungsfolie auf ein Trägermaterial
DE29922644U1 (de) 1999-12-24 2000-02-24 Wolf Kunststoffe GmbH, 04229 Leipzig Flächiges Heizelement
US7804044B2 (en) * 2000-12-23 2010-09-28 Braincom Ag Heating device and method for the production thereof and heatable object and method for producing same
KR100396202B1 (ko) * 2001-06-22 2003-08-27 노승하 두부제조용 응고제
WO2004040943A1 (fr) * 2002-10-23 2004-05-13 Braincom Ag Systeme de chauffage de surface, procede de production de ce systeme et objet chauffant, systeme de detection d'occupation de siege, siege equipe d'un tel systeme et procede de detection d'occupation de siege
DE10204214B4 (de) * 2002-01-28 2005-03-17 Pöllet, Wilfried Warmhalteplatte
US7306283B2 (en) 2002-11-21 2007-12-11 W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag Heater for an automotive vehicle and method of forming same
GB0310285D0 (en) * 2003-05-03 2003-06-11 Ceramaspeed Ltd Electric heating assembly
DE112005000939T5 (de) * 2004-03-22 2007-07-26 W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag Heizelment für ein Fahrzeug und Verfahren zum Formen desselben
FR2868737B1 (fr) * 2004-04-13 2008-08-08 Valeo Climatisation Sa Ensemble de chauffage pour installation de chauffage, de ventilation et/ou d'air climatise d'un habitacle de vehicule
WO2007147906A1 (fr) * 2006-06-16 2007-12-27 David Sanchez Duque Plaque chauffante et procédé de fabrication
US20080197122A1 (en) * 2007-02-21 2008-08-21 Kenneth Parks Gober Combination defroster panel and sunshade for vehicle glass
FR2946280B1 (fr) * 2009-06-03 2018-01-05 Corso Magenta Article en feuille pour application sur une paroi a decorer, procede de fabrication et procede d'application associes
FR2968241B1 (fr) 2010-12-02 2012-12-21 Corso Magenta Procede de fabrication d'un article permettant l'apposition d'un film
US9603196B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2017-03-21 Tech Design Llc Self-regulating semi-conductive flexible heating element
US10207018B2 (en) * 2015-05-27 2019-02-19 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Low wattage USB powered wax warmers
FR3069126B1 (fr) * 2017-07-12 2020-11-13 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif de regeneration de composants electroniques en environnement nucleaire

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1957768B2 (de) * 1969-11-17 1972-01-20 Thannhuber, Josef, 8380 Landau Vorrichtung zur anbringung an der innenseite eines auto fensters zwecks verhinderung von beschlagen oder vereisung
US3757087A (en) * 1970-09-11 1973-09-04 Smiths Industries Ltd Heating elements
US4251712A (en) * 1977-06-23 1981-02-17 David Parr & Associates Ltd. Packaging arrangement for electrical heating units adapted for adhesive attachment to a surface

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2391382A (en) * 1943-11-05 1945-12-25 Bilan John Heating unit
US3475588A (en) * 1968-08-20 1969-10-28 Permaglass Defrosting and deicing window assembly
US3869596A (en) * 1973-09-28 1975-03-04 Safeway Products Inc Cookware heater
US3982092A (en) * 1974-09-06 1976-09-21 Libbey-Owens-Ford Company Electrically heated zoned window systems
GB2052224A (en) * 1979-06-27 1981-01-21 Parr David & Ass Electrical window heater
US4450346A (en) * 1981-05-14 1984-05-22 Ford Motor Company Electric heater plate
US4488033A (en) * 1982-09-23 1984-12-11 Interdynamics, Inc. Heater assembly for heating glass surface
JPS60145594U (ja) * 1984-03-02 1985-09-27 東京コスモス電機株式会社 面状発熱体用抵抗体

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1957768B2 (de) * 1969-11-17 1972-01-20 Thannhuber, Josef, 8380 Landau Vorrichtung zur anbringung an der innenseite eines auto fensters zwecks verhinderung von beschlagen oder vereisung
US3757087A (en) * 1970-09-11 1973-09-04 Smiths Industries Ltd Heating elements
US4251712A (en) * 1977-06-23 1981-02-17 David Parr & Associates Ltd. Packaging arrangement for electrical heating units adapted for adhesive attachment to a surface

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
YU135888A (en) 1991-02-28
ES2032904T3 (es) 1993-03-01
DE3723345A1 (de) 1989-01-26
KR890003248A (ko) 1989-04-13
KR970002279B1 (ko) 1997-02-27
EP0304595B1 (fr) 1992-05-20
US4910388A (en) 1990-03-20
JPS6431369A (en) 1989-02-01
DE3871285D1 (fr) 1992-06-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0304595B1 (fr) Unité de chauffage électrique
DE68918539T2 (de) Heizgerät mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten.
EP3101999B1 (fr) Élement de chauffage a coefficient de temperature positif (ctp) et dispositif de chauffage electrique pour un vehicule automobile comprenant un tel element de chauffage ctp
EP0866639B1 (fr) Chauffage ohmique pour les objects plats, en particulier pour miroirs
DE69013996T2 (de) Elektrisches Heizgerät mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten.
DE3922465C2 (de) Elektrisch heizbarer Bodenbelag
EP0069298B1 (fr) Plaque chauffante
DE3311803C2 (fr)
DE19736245B4 (de) Planare Heizeinrichtung für einen Spiegel und Verfahren zur Herstellung der planaren Heizeinrichtung
DE69326842T2 (de) Elektro-optische Dünnschicht-Vorrichtung mit elektrischem Verbinder
DE2940339A1 (de) Stromsammelschiene von hoher kapazitanz
DE3910861C2 (de) Organischer PTC-Thermistor
DE69612179T2 (de) Verschleisssensor für einen Reibbelag, insbesondere für einen Bremsbelag
DE2350404A1 (de) Elektrisch heizbares fenster
DE102009034306A1 (de) Heizelement sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE4009677C2 (de) Organischer Thermistor mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
EP0357945A1 (fr) Elément composite céramique plan
DE2438984C3 (de) Kontaktvorrichtung an einer Folie eines Flächenheizleiters
DE19960450C1 (de) Scheibenelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE1299089B (de) Heizeinheit fuer elektrisches Buegeleisen
DE2505564A1 (de) Biegsamer und breitflaechiger elektrischer schichtwiderstands-heizkoerper, insbesondere elektrischer fussbodenheizkoerper
DE2745666C3 (de) Blendfreier Rückblickspiegel für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeuge, sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
EP3740030A2 (fr) Élément chauffant plan
DE19911519A1 (de) Flächenheizer auf Vlies- oder Gewebebasis
DE2231086A1 (de) Flaechenheizelemente

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19890531

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19910121

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRE;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.SCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19920520

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19920520

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3871285

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19920625

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
ET Fr: translation filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2032904

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19930729

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19940712

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19940718

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19940729

Year of fee payment: 7

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19940712

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF THE APPLICANT RENOUNCES

Effective date: 19950713

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19960430

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19970919

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 19991007