EP0357945A1 - Elément composite céramique plan - Google Patents

Elément composite céramique plan Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0357945A1
EP0357945A1 EP89114020A EP89114020A EP0357945A1 EP 0357945 A1 EP0357945 A1 EP 0357945A1 EP 89114020 A EP89114020 A EP 89114020A EP 89114020 A EP89114020 A EP 89114020A EP 0357945 A1 EP0357945 A1 EP 0357945A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
composite element
insulating layer
element according
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89114020A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Bard
Gottfried Dr. Cremer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Buchtal GmbH
Original Assignee
Buchtal GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Buchtal GmbH filed Critical Buchtal GmbH
Publication of EP0357945A1 publication Critical patent/EP0357945A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flat ceramic composite element according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention relates to plate-like composite elements which serve as a space heating element and are mainly used as a floor covering or covering for the cladding of walls.
  • a known ceramic molded body (DE-A-25 35 622) consists of a ceramic carrier body on which a heat conductor layer is applied, which is covered at the top by a sprayed-on plastic layer.
  • the heating layer itself is produced in a complex manner because it is formed from a disperse accumulation of electrically conductive graphite particles which are dispersed in a solvent, metal particles being additionally added to the dispersion in order to compensate for the negative temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of the carbon particles. If the molding is to be used as a floor covering, this heating layer requires a top layer in order to provide the strength required for a floor covering.
  • the heat conductor layer applied to a ceramic carrier material is formed from a layer sequence, namely a layer of metal oxides, a layer of graphite particles and a further layer of acetylene black, the layer sequence above being one Protective layer is covered.
  • This heating conductor layer is also extremely complex and, in particular, constant or reproducible heating properties can hardly be achieved from molded body to molded body.
  • the safety reasons are based on the precaution in the event that, when a voltage-carrying element is damaged, direct contact between the electrical resistance layer and a moisture film on the surface of the element is prevented as far as possible, or the same effect due to shrinkage of the joint material and penetration of moisture to the Edges of the element could occur. These cases would put people at risk, particularly when using an operating voltage of 220 volts, as can be used for drying rooms.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a composite element which can be used as a space heating element with increased security in the event of any damage to the joint material or the composite element itself, which can be operated safely even at high operating voltages and which enables the available heating surface to be maximized, in particular also in damp rooms.
  • a composite element is used as a space heating element instead of the flat shaped bodies previously used, which are provided with a heating layer and, if appropriate, an overlying protective layer, in which the ceramic shaped body, which performs the actual heating function as a result of the heating conductor coating, forms the core layer of the composite element.
  • the ceramic shaped body which represents the core layer
  • the core layer and the insulating layer are finally covered over the entire surface by a potting compound on the sides not directed towards the cover layer.
  • electrical molded bodies can be operated with a normal voltage of 220 volts without a safety risk and without an excessive safety risk and without excessive safety devices, and a maximum heating surface for a covering formed from these composite elements is made possible.
  • the composite element can be used both in dry rooms and in damp rooms.
  • an insulating layer designed as an adhesive it is also expedient to use a melt-adhesive, film-like insulating layer or a double-sided adhesive-coated insulating layer.
  • the insulating layer designed as an adhesive ensures a bond between the core layer and a cover layer forming the visible side of the composite element.
  • This cover layer which consists of one or more flat, in particular plate-like bodies, is expediently designed in such a way that it overlaps the core and insulating layer covered by it at its marginal edges so far in the lateral direction over the entire circumference of the core and insulating layer that a Edge surface on the underside of the overlying top layer is created, which offers enough space to accommodate the potting compound with which the core and insulation layer is encased.
  • the ceramic molded body representing the core layer and the insulating layer expediently covering the heating conductor layer of the ceramic molded body by the encapsulation encased waterproof, the core and insulation layer against damage both by the casting compound and by the cover layer are effectively secured.
  • the insulating layer designed as an adhesive, which connects the core layer and the top layer to one another, advantageously has a high dielectric strength of greater than or equal to 30 kV / mm, since it takes on the task of the electrical heating layer of the core layer, which is connected to a 220 volt voltage to mechanically and electrically isolate moisture penetrating against any damaged parts of the cover layer and, as an electrical plastic component, is expediently equipped with a very high electrical strength.
  • the insulating layer should also ensure good heat conduction in order to ensure fast and loss-free heat transfer to the cover layer.
  • the parts of the core and insulation layer not facing the cover layer are covered or sheathed with a preferably waterproof and poorly heat-conductive casting compound in such a way that a moisture-proof trough-shaped sheathing is created, which is delimited on the visible side by the cover layer.
  • a power supply cable is placed on the contacting elements of the heating layer, which is passed through the sealing compound and ensures the electrical connection.
  • Particularly suitable as casting compound is a tough, hard compound made of a modified double-crosslinked polyurethane, in particular a material marketed under the name Megithan and under the type designation 2MD 112.
  • An adhesive in the form of a modified, double-crosslinked polyurethane is suitable for the insulating layer, in particular a product marketed under the name Megithan adhesive type 2MD 111.
  • the covering layer can be formed over the entire surface in the form of a flat, in particular plate-like shaped body, but also from several smaller flat shaped bodies, the material forming the covering layer providing good radiation heat-imparting properties and good heat conduction and, in the case of use for floors, good optical design options and high strength properties mechanical stress, resistance to chemical attack and easy cleaning.
  • Ceramic is particularly suitable as the material for the cover layer, but also natural materials, such as natural stone in particular.
  • Fig. 1 shows a composite element in the form of a large-format plate for use as a floor covering, which can be laid on a corresponding surface analogous to a ceramic plate.
  • the composite element has a core layer 1 in the form of a ceramic molded body which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, is formed by a ceramic plate which is provided with a heating layer on its surface facing the visible side.
  • An electrical resistance coating in the form of non-metallic, electrically conductive particles, in particular graphite particles, which are embedded in a non-conductive or poorly conductive carrier substance in accordance with European patent application 85 102 232.7 is particularly suitable as the heating layer.
  • a cover layer 4 which is formed from one or more flat shaped bodies in the exemplary embodiment shown by a plate-like ceramic shaped body, is firmly connected to the ceramic shaped body 1 via an electrical insulating layer 3 designed as an adhesive. Ceramic is particularly suitable as the material for the cover layer, but also natural stone.
  • the cover layer 4 protrudes laterally slightly over the edge of the insulating layer 3 and the core layer 1, so that a free circumferential lower edge surface remains on the cover layer, which is free for flush reception of a sealing compound 5, which the lateral edges of the insulating layer and the core layer as well the entire surface of the lower surface of the core layer 1 is encased.
  • the thickness of the core layer 1 made of ceramic material is approximately 6 mm.
  • the heating layer applied to the core layer in the form of an electrical resistance coating has a thickness of approximately 150 micrometers.
  • the electrical insulation layer is Expediently formed from a modified double-crosslinked polyurethane and has a thickness of approximately 2 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the thickness of the cover layer 4 is approximately 8 mm.
  • the thickness of the sealing compound, which encases the core layer 1 and the insulating layer 3, is approximately 3 mm.
  • the casting compound itself is made from a modified, double-crosslinked polyurethane.
  • the power supply to the room heating element takes place via connecting cables 7 which are guided through the sealing compound and which are connected to conductor tracks 6 which are arranged on the side edges of the electrical resistance coating forming the heating layer 2 and are likewise encased by the sealing compound.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
EP89114020A 1988-08-16 1989-07-28 Elément composite céramique plan Withdrawn EP0357945A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3827825 1988-08-16
DE3827825A DE3827825A1 (de) 1988-08-16 1988-08-16 Flaechiges keramisches verbundelement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0357945A1 true EP0357945A1 (fr) 1990-03-14

Family

ID=6360974

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89114020A Withdrawn EP0357945A1 (fr) 1988-08-16 1989-07-28 Elément composite céramique plan

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0357945A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0282485A (fr)
DE (1) DE3827825A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK400289A (fr)
FI (1) FI893756A (fr)
NO (1) NO893273L (fr)
ZA (1) ZA896026B (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997004622A1 (fr) * 1995-07-17 1997-02-06 White Consolidated Industries, Inc. Annulation capacitive du courant de fuite dans un panneau de chauffage
FR2737833A1 (fr) * 1995-08-11 1997-02-14 Oliger France Dispositif de chauffage electrique et son procede de fabrication
WO1997009866A1 (fr) * 1995-09-07 1997-03-13 Bar-Keser Project Management Initiatives And Economic Consultants (1991) Ltd. Dispositifs et elements de chauffage electrique
US6704497B2 (en) 1995-09-07 2004-03-09 Bar-Keser Project Management Initiatives And Economic Consultants (1991) Ltd. Electric heating devices and elements
WO2006076967A1 (fr) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-27 Kronospan Technical Company Ltd. Dispositif chauffant pour revetements muraux, revetements de plafond et de sol
ITRN20100001A1 (it) * 2010-01-25 2011-07-26 Ceramica Faetano S A Rivestimento riscaldante in ceramica per pavimenti e pareti

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4036849A1 (de) * 1990-11-19 1992-05-21 Buchtal Gmbh Elektrisch beheizbare keramische platte
DE4436013A1 (de) * 1994-10-08 1996-04-18 Wolfgang Kurz Durchlauferwärmungsvorrichtung
DE19805294B4 (de) * 1998-02-10 2004-04-22 Dieter Kehl Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Natursteinplatte
DE10210677A1 (de) * 2002-03-12 2003-10-09 Sgl Carbon Ag Kohlenstoffhaltiger Formkörper zur Beheizung von Räumen
JP3821075B2 (ja) * 2002-09-20 2006-09-13 住友電気工業株式会社 セラミックスヒータ及びその製造方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2535622A1 (de) * 1975-08-09 1977-02-17 Terracom Ets Heizelement fuer flaechige waermeabgabe
FR2490056A1 (fr) * 1980-09-05 1982-03-12 Bonato Mario Element de surface de chauffage electrique et son procede de fabrication
DE3433669A1 (de) * 1984-02-29 1985-08-29 Buchtal Gmbh, 8472 Schwarzenfeld Flaechiger keramischer formkoerper
EP0157179A1 (fr) * 1984-02-29 1985-10-09 Buchtal GmbH Keramische Betriebe Support céramique plat ayant une couche résistante électrique, et méthode d'ajustement de la valeur de la résistance de la couche

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1050386A (fr) *
DE1615494A1 (de) * 1967-07-27 1971-02-25 Hermann Vierling Durch elektrische Widerstandsheizung erwaermbarer Heizbelag
DE2055612A1 (de) * 1970-11-12 1972-05-18 Tuerk & Hillinger Kg Elektrische Flachenbeheizung
DE7528330U (de) * 1975-09-08 1976-02-12 Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Plattenfoermiges verbundelement fuer flaechen- und insbesondere decken- elektroheizungen
US4659906A (en) * 1984-01-20 1987-04-21 Vitronics Corporation Infrared panel emitter and method of producing the same
DE8606563U1 (de) * 1986-03-11 1986-04-30 Zimmer, Ingolf, 8622 Burgkunstadt Bodenbelag-Bauteil
DE3637344A1 (de) * 1986-11-03 1988-05-11 Killer Ursula Heizelement
DE3710626A1 (de) * 1987-02-17 1988-08-25 Buchtal Gmbh Raumheizelement, bestehend aus einem mit einer elektrischen widerstandsbeschichtung versehenen keramischen formkoerper, insbesondere in form einer keramischen platte

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2535622A1 (de) * 1975-08-09 1977-02-17 Terracom Ets Heizelement fuer flaechige waermeabgabe
FR2490056A1 (fr) * 1980-09-05 1982-03-12 Bonato Mario Element de surface de chauffage electrique et son procede de fabrication
DE3433669A1 (de) * 1984-02-29 1985-08-29 Buchtal Gmbh, 8472 Schwarzenfeld Flaechiger keramischer formkoerper
EP0157179A1 (fr) * 1984-02-29 1985-10-09 Buchtal GmbH Keramische Betriebe Support céramique plat ayant une couche résistante électrique, et méthode d'ajustement de la valeur de la résistance de la couche

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997004622A1 (fr) * 1995-07-17 1997-02-06 White Consolidated Industries, Inc. Annulation capacitive du courant de fuite dans un panneau de chauffage
FR2737833A1 (fr) * 1995-08-11 1997-02-14 Oliger France Dispositif de chauffage electrique et son procede de fabrication
WO1997007366A1 (fr) * 1995-08-11 1997-02-27 Oliger France Dispositif de chauffage electrique et son procede de fabrication
WO1997009866A1 (fr) * 1995-09-07 1997-03-13 Bar-Keser Project Management Initiatives And Economic Consultants (1991) Ltd. Dispositifs et elements de chauffage electrique
US6483990B1 (en) 1995-09-07 2002-11-19 Bar-Keser Project Management Initiatives And Economic Consultants Electric heating devices and elements
US6704497B2 (en) 1995-09-07 2004-03-09 Bar-Keser Project Management Initiatives And Economic Consultants (1991) Ltd. Electric heating devices and elements
WO2006076967A1 (fr) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-27 Kronospan Technical Company Ltd. Dispositif chauffant pour revetements muraux, revetements de plafond et de sol
US8471181B2 (en) 2005-01-19 2013-06-25 Kronoplus Technical Ag Heating device for wall, ceiling or floor coverings
ITRN20100001A1 (it) * 2010-01-25 2011-07-26 Ceramica Faetano S A Rivestimento riscaldante in ceramica per pavimenti e pareti

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0282485A (ja) 1990-03-23
NO893273D0 (no) 1989-08-15
FI893756A0 (fi) 1989-08-09
DK400289A (da) 1990-02-17
ZA896026B (en) 1990-05-30
NO893273L (no) 1990-02-19
DK400289D0 (da) 1989-08-15
DE3827825A1 (de) 1990-02-22
FI893756A (fi) 1990-02-17

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