EP0357945A1 - Plane ceramic composite - Google Patents

Plane ceramic composite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0357945A1
EP0357945A1 EP89114020A EP89114020A EP0357945A1 EP 0357945 A1 EP0357945 A1 EP 0357945A1 EP 89114020 A EP89114020 A EP 89114020A EP 89114020 A EP89114020 A EP 89114020A EP 0357945 A1 EP0357945 A1 EP 0357945A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
composite element
insulating layer
element according
ceramic
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EP89114020A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin Bard
Gottfried Dr. Cremer
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Buchtal GmbH
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Buchtal GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flat ceramic composite element according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention relates to plate-like composite elements which serve as a space heating element and are mainly used as a floor covering or covering for the cladding of walls.
  • a known ceramic molded body (DE-A-25 35 622) consists of a ceramic carrier body on which a heat conductor layer is applied, which is covered at the top by a sprayed-on plastic layer.
  • the heating layer itself is produced in a complex manner because it is formed from a disperse accumulation of electrically conductive graphite particles which are dispersed in a solvent, metal particles being additionally added to the dispersion in order to compensate for the negative temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of the carbon particles. If the molding is to be used as a floor covering, this heating layer requires a top layer in order to provide the strength required for a floor covering.
  • the heat conductor layer applied to a ceramic carrier material is formed from a layer sequence, namely a layer of metal oxides, a layer of graphite particles and a further layer of acetylene black, the layer sequence above being one Protective layer is covered.
  • This heating conductor layer is also extremely complex and, in particular, constant or reproducible heating properties can hardly be achieved from molded body to molded body.
  • the safety reasons are based on the precaution in the event that, when a voltage-carrying element is damaged, direct contact between the electrical resistance layer and a moisture film on the surface of the element is prevented as far as possible, or the same effect due to shrinkage of the joint material and penetration of moisture to the Edges of the element could occur. These cases would put people at risk, particularly when using an operating voltage of 220 volts, as can be used for drying rooms.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a composite element which can be used as a space heating element with increased security in the event of any damage to the joint material or the composite element itself, which can be operated safely even at high operating voltages and which enables the available heating surface to be maximized, in particular also in damp rooms.
  • a composite element is used as a space heating element instead of the flat shaped bodies previously used, which are provided with a heating layer and, if appropriate, an overlying protective layer, in which the ceramic shaped body, which performs the actual heating function as a result of the heating conductor coating, forms the core layer of the composite element.
  • the ceramic shaped body which represents the core layer
  • the core layer and the insulating layer are finally covered over the entire surface by a potting compound on the sides not directed towards the cover layer.
  • electrical molded bodies can be operated with a normal voltage of 220 volts without a safety risk and without an excessive safety risk and without excessive safety devices, and a maximum heating surface for a covering formed from these composite elements is made possible.
  • the composite element can be used both in dry rooms and in damp rooms.
  • an insulating layer designed as an adhesive it is also expedient to use a melt-adhesive, film-like insulating layer or a double-sided adhesive-coated insulating layer.
  • the insulating layer designed as an adhesive ensures a bond between the core layer and a cover layer forming the visible side of the composite element.
  • This cover layer which consists of one or more flat, in particular plate-like bodies, is expediently designed in such a way that it overlaps the core and insulating layer covered by it at its marginal edges so far in the lateral direction over the entire circumference of the core and insulating layer that a Edge surface on the underside of the overlying top layer is created, which offers enough space to accommodate the potting compound with which the core and insulation layer is encased.
  • the ceramic molded body representing the core layer and the insulating layer expediently covering the heating conductor layer of the ceramic molded body by the encapsulation encased waterproof, the core and insulation layer against damage both by the casting compound and by the cover layer are effectively secured.
  • the insulating layer designed as an adhesive, which connects the core layer and the top layer to one another, advantageously has a high dielectric strength of greater than or equal to 30 kV / mm, since it takes on the task of the electrical heating layer of the core layer, which is connected to a 220 volt voltage to mechanically and electrically isolate moisture penetrating against any damaged parts of the cover layer and, as an electrical plastic component, is expediently equipped with a very high electrical strength.
  • the insulating layer should also ensure good heat conduction in order to ensure fast and loss-free heat transfer to the cover layer.
  • the parts of the core and insulation layer not facing the cover layer are covered or sheathed with a preferably waterproof and poorly heat-conductive casting compound in such a way that a moisture-proof trough-shaped sheathing is created, which is delimited on the visible side by the cover layer.
  • a power supply cable is placed on the contacting elements of the heating layer, which is passed through the sealing compound and ensures the electrical connection.
  • Particularly suitable as casting compound is a tough, hard compound made of a modified double-crosslinked polyurethane, in particular a material marketed under the name Megithan and under the type designation 2MD 112.
  • An adhesive in the form of a modified, double-crosslinked polyurethane is suitable for the insulating layer, in particular a product marketed under the name Megithan adhesive type 2MD 111.
  • the covering layer can be formed over the entire surface in the form of a flat, in particular plate-like shaped body, but also from several smaller flat shaped bodies, the material forming the covering layer providing good radiation heat-imparting properties and good heat conduction and, in the case of use for floors, good optical design options and high strength properties mechanical stress, resistance to chemical attack and easy cleaning.
  • Ceramic is particularly suitable as the material for the cover layer, but also natural materials, such as natural stone in particular.
  • Fig. 1 shows a composite element in the form of a large-format plate for use as a floor covering, which can be laid on a corresponding surface analogous to a ceramic plate.
  • the composite element has a core layer 1 in the form of a ceramic molded body which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, is formed by a ceramic plate which is provided with a heating layer on its surface facing the visible side.
  • An electrical resistance coating in the form of non-metallic, electrically conductive particles, in particular graphite particles, which are embedded in a non-conductive or poorly conductive carrier substance in accordance with European patent application 85 102 232.7 is particularly suitable as the heating layer.
  • a cover layer 4 which is formed from one or more flat shaped bodies in the exemplary embodiment shown by a plate-like ceramic shaped body, is firmly connected to the ceramic shaped body 1 via an electrical insulating layer 3 designed as an adhesive. Ceramic is particularly suitable as the material for the cover layer, but also natural stone.
  • the cover layer 4 protrudes laterally slightly over the edge of the insulating layer 3 and the core layer 1, so that a free circumferential lower edge surface remains on the cover layer, which is free for flush reception of a sealing compound 5, which the lateral edges of the insulating layer and the core layer as well the entire surface of the lower surface of the core layer 1 is encased.
  • the thickness of the core layer 1 made of ceramic material is approximately 6 mm.
  • the heating layer applied to the core layer in the form of an electrical resistance coating has a thickness of approximately 150 micrometers.
  • the electrical insulation layer is Expediently formed from a modified double-crosslinked polyurethane and has a thickness of approximately 2 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the thickness of the cover layer 4 is approximately 8 mm.
  • the thickness of the sealing compound, which encases the core layer 1 and the insulating layer 3, is approximately 3 mm.
  • the casting compound itself is made from a modified, double-crosslinked polyurethane.
  • the power supply to the room heating element takes place via connecting cables 7 which are guided through the sealing compound and which are connected to conductor tracks 6 which are arranged on the side edges of the electrical resistance coating forming the heating layer 2 and are likewise encased by the sealing compound.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

In a plane ceramic composite element made of a plane ceramic shaped body (1) which is provided on one side with a heating layer in the form of an electric resistor coating (2), the ceramic shaped body represents the core layer of the composite element and is connected with the aid of an insulating layer (3) constructed as an adhesive to a covering layer (4) consisting of one or more plane shaped bodies. The core layer and the insulating layer are completely covered by a casting compound (5) on the sides not directed towards the covering layer. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein flächiges keramisches Verbund­element gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1. Insbesondere bezieht sich die Erfindung auf plattenartige Verbundelemente, die als Raumheizelement dienen und vor­nehmlich als Fußbodenbelag oder Belag für die Verkleidung von Wänden verwendet werden.The invention relates to a flat ceramic composite element according to the preamble of claim 1. In particular, the invention relates to plate-like composite elements which serve as a space heating element and are mainly used as a floor covering or covering for the cladding of walls.

Flächige keramische Formkörper in Form von beheizbaren Fußbodenplatten werden in jüngster Zeit mehr und mehr als Raumheizelemente verwendet. Die Beheizbarkeit dieser Platten ist dadurch gegeben, daß die Platten an einer Seite mit einer Heizschicht in Form einer elektrischen Widerstandsbeschichtung versehen sind.Flat ceramic moldings in the form of heatable floor panels have recently been used more and more as room heating elements. The heatability of these plates is given in that the plates are provided on one side with a heating layer in the form of an electrical resistance coating.

Ein bekannter keramischer Formkörper (DE-A-25 35 622) besteht aus einem keramischen Trägerkörper, auf dem eine Heizleiterschicht aufgebracht ist, die nach oben hin durch eine aufgespritzte Kunstoffschicht abge­deckt ist. Die Heizschicht selbst ist aufwendig her­gestellt, weil sie aus einer dispersen Anhäufung elek­trisch leitender Graphitteilchen gebildet ist, die in einem Lösungsmittel dispergiert sind, wobei der Dispersion zusätzlich Metallpartikel zugesetzt sind, um die negative Temperaturabhängigkeit des elektri­schen Widerstands der Kohlenstoffteilchen zu kom­pensieren. Diese Heizschicht bedarf, falls der Form­körper als Fußbodenbelag verwendet werden soll, einer Deckschicht, um die für einen Fußbodenbelag erforder­liche Kraftzfestigkeit zu ergeben.A known ceramic molded body (DE-A-25 35 622) consists of a ceramic carrier body on which a heat conductor layer is applied, which is covered at the top by a sprayed-on plastic layer. The heating layer itself is produced in a complex manner because it is formed from a disperse accumulation of electrically conductive graphite particles which are dispersed in a solvent, metal particles being additionally added to the dispersion in order to compensate for the negative temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of the carbon particles. If the molding is to be used as a floor covering, this heating layer requires a top layer in order to provide the strength required for a floor covering.

Bei einem weiteren bekannten Formkörper (FR-A-2 490 056) ist die auf einem keramischen Trägermaterial aufge­brachte heizleiterschicht aus einer Schichtenfolge gebildet, nämlich einer Schicht aus Metalloxiden, einer Schicht aus Graphitteilchen und einer weiteren Schicht aus Azetylenruß, wobei die Schichtenfolge oben von einer Schutzschicht überdeckt ist. Auch diese Heiz­leiterschicht ist außerordentlich aufwendig und ins­besondere sind von Formkörper zu Formkörper gleich bleibende bzw. reproduzierbare Heizeigenschaften kaum erzielbar.In another known molded body (FR-A-2 490 056), the heat conductor layer applied to a ceramic carrier material is formed from a layer sequence, namely a layer of metal oxides, a layer of graphite particles and a further layer of acetylene black, the layer sequence above being one Protective layer is covered. This heating conductor layer is also extremely complex and, in particular, constant or reproducible heating properties can hardly be achieved from molded body to molded body.

Diese Nachteile sind durch einen bekannten flächigen keramischen Formkörper (EP-A- 157 179) behoben, der auf einer Seite mit einer elektrischen widerstands­beschichtung versehen ist, die aus nicht-metalli­schen, elektrisch leitenden Partikeln gebildet ist, welche in eine elektrisch nicht oder nur schlecht leitende Trägersubstanz eingebettet sind. Der Form­körper wird vornehmlich in Form einer Platte ver­wendet, deren Dicke im Verhältnis zur Oberfläche 1 : 45 000 und deren flächenmäßige Erstreckung mindestens das Vierfache einer Platte von 30 x 30 cm beträgt. Derartige flächige keramische Formkörper haben sich in der Praxis als Raumheizelemente be­währt. Insbesondere als Fußbodenheizung werden diese Elemente in beliebiger Vervielfachung und gewünschter Gliederung eingesetzt, wobei eine gleichmäßige Wärmestrahlung gewährleistet ist. Besonderes vorteilhaft werden diese Formkörper in Form von großformatigen Platten mit Abmessungen gleich oder größer 60 x 60 cm eingesetzt.These disadvantages are remedied by a known flat ceramic molded body (EP-A-157 179), which is provided on one side with an electrical resistance coating which is formed from non-metallic, electrically conductive particles which do not or only poorly in an electrically conductive carrier are embedded. The molded body is primarily used in the form of a plate, the thickness of which is 1: 45,000 in relation to the surface and the area of which is at least four times that of a 30 x 30 cm plate. Such flat ceramic moldings have proven themselves in practice as space heating elements. In particular as underfloor heating, these elements are used in any desired multiplication and arrangement, with a uniform heat radiation is guaranteed. These moldings are particularly advantageously used in the form of large-format plates with dimensions equal to or greater than 60 x 60 cm.

Bei der Verwendung solcher Formkörper als beheizbarer Fußbodenbelag ergibt sich eine flächenmäßige Begrenzung für die Heizfläche auf etwa 20 qm, bedingt durch eine vorgeschriebene Überwachung mit Hilfe eines auf 16 A ausgelegten Leistungsrelais bei einer Betriebs­spannung von 220 Volt, also einer Betriebsspannung, wie sie in Trockenräumen verwendet werden kann. Aus sicherheitstechnischen Gründen ist allerdings bei der Anwendung derartiger keramischer Formkörper in Feuchträumen ein Sicherheitstrenntransformator für 42 Volt Kleinschutzspannung vorzusehen. Aufgrund des mit zunehmender elektrischer Leistung verbundenen Anstiegs der Kabelquerschnitte für die Stromzufur­leitung zu den Widerstandsbeschichtungen der Form­körper und der daraus resultierenden Begrenzung durch den zur Verfügung stehenden Fugenquerschnitt und die damit verbundenen Kosten ergibt sich eine an einen Stromkreis angeschlossene Heizungsfläche von maxi­mal 5 m2 in Feuchträumen. Die Sicherheitsgründe be­ruhen auf der Vorsorge für den Fall, daß bei Beschädi­gung eines an Spannung liegenden Elementes ein direk­ter Kontakt zwischen elektrischer Widerstandsschicht und einem auf der Oberfläche des Elementes sich befin­denden Feuchtigkeitsfilmes möglichst verhindert oder aber derselbe Effekt wegen Schwindung des Fugen­materials und Eindringen von Feuchtigkeit an den Kanten des Elementes eintreten könnte. Diese Fälle würden insbesondere bei Anwendung einer Betriebs­spannung von 220 Volt, wie sie für Trockenräume Verwendung finden kann, zur Gefährdung von Personen führen.When using such moldings as a heated floor covering, there is an area limitation for the heating surface to about 20 square meters, due to a prescribed monitoring with the aid of a power relay designed for 16 A at an operating voltage of 220 volts, i.e. an operating voltage as used in drying rooms can be. For safety reasons, however, a safety isolating transformer for 42 volt low-voltage protection must be provided when using such ceramic moldings in damp rooms. Due to the increase in the cable cross-sections for the power supply line to the resistance coatings of the molded bodies, which is associated with increasing electrical power, and the resulting limitation due to the available joint cross-section and the associated costs, a heating surface connected to a circuit of a maximum of 5 m2 results in damp rooms. The safety reasons are based on the precaution in the event that, when a voltage-carrying element is damaged, direct contact between the electrical resistance layer and a moisture film on the surface of the element is prevented as far as possible, or the same effect due to shrinkage of the joint material and penetration of moisture to the Edges of the element could occur. These cases would put people at risk, particularly when using an operating voltage of 220 volts, as can be used for drying rooms.

Diese Gefährdung verringert sich zwar mit Anwendung einer Kleinschutzspannung, jedoch resultiert daraus die bereits eingangs geschilderte Heizflächenbe­grenzung auf ca. 25 % der bei Normalspannung von 220 Volt zur Verfügung stehenden heizfläche. Ferner ist der Einsatz eines bei Kleinschutzspannung er­forderlichen Trenntrafos mit nicht unerheblichen Kosten verbunden.This risk is reduced with the use of a low-voltage protection, but this results in the heating surface limitation already described at the beginning to approx. 25% of the heating surface available with a normal voltage of 220 volts. Furthermore, the use of an isolating transformer required for low-voltage protection is associated with not inconsiderable costs.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein als Raumheiz­element verwendbares Verbundelement mit erhöhter Sicherheit bei etwaigen Schäden des Fugenmaterials oder des Verbundelements selbst zu schaffen, wel­ches gefahrlos auch bei hohen Betriebsspannungen betrieben werden kann und eine Maximierung der ver­fügbaren Heizfläche, insbesondere auch in Feucht­räumen, ermöglicht.The object of the invention is to provide a composite element which can be used as a space heating element with increased security in the event of any damage to the joint material or the composite element itself, which can be operated safely even at high operating voltages and which enables the available heating surface to be maximized, in particular also in damp rooms.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 enthal­tenden Merkmale gelöst. Zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind durch die in den Unteransprüchen enthaltenen Merkmalen gekennzeichnet.This object is achieved by the features contained in the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized by the features contained in the subclaims.

Nach Maßgabe der Erfindung wird anstelle der bislang verwendeten mit einer Heizschicht und ggf. einer da­rüberliegenden Schutzschicht versehenen flächigen Formkörpern ein Verbundelement als Raumheizelement verwendet, bei dem der keramische Formkörper, der infolge der Heizleiterbeschichtung die eigentliche Heizfunktion ausübt, die Kernschicht des Verbund­elements bildet. Auf diesem die Kernschicht dar­stellenden keramischen Formkörper ist über eine als Kleber ausgebildete Isolierschicht eine Deck­ schicht in Form eines oder mehrerer flächiger Formkörper aufgebracht. Die Kernschicht sowie die Isolierschicht sind schließlich durch eine Vergußmasse an den nicht zur Deckschicht gerichteten Seiten vollflächig nach außen hin abgedeckt. Durch diesen Aufbau können elektrische Formkörper ohne Sicherheitsgefährdung und ohne übermäßige Sicherheitsgefährdung und ohne übermäßige Sicherheits­einrichtungen mit Normalspannung von 220 Volt betrieben werden und wird eine maximale Heizfläche für einen aus diesen Verbundelementen gebildeten Belag ermöglicht. Das Verbundelement ist sowohl in Trockenräumen wie auch in Feuchträumen einsetzbar.In accordance with the invention, a composite element is used as a space heating element instead of the flat shaped bodies previously used, which are provided with a heating layer and, if appropriate, an overlying protective layer, in which the ceramic shaped body, which performs the actual heating function as a result of the heating conductor coating, forms the core layer of the composite element. On this ceramic shaped body, which represents the core layer, there is a cover over an insulating layer designed as an adhesive layer applied in the form of one or more flat shaped bodies. The core layer and the insulating layer are finally covered over the entire surface by a potting compound on the sides not directed towards the cover layer. With this construction, electrical molded bodies can be operated with a normal voltage of 220 volts without a safety risk and without an excessive safety risk and without excessive safety devices, and a maximum heating surface for a covering formed from these composite elements is made possible. The composite element can be used both in dry rooms and in damp rooms.

Anstelle einer als Kleber ausgebildeten Isolierschicht kann zweckmäßigerweise auch eine schmelzklebende, folien­artige Isolierschicht oder eine zweiseitig klebebeschich­tete Isolierschicht verwendet werden.Instead of an insulating layer designed as an adhesive, it is also expedient to use a melt-adhesive, film-like insulating layer or a double-sided adhesive-coated insulating layer.

Die als Kleber ausgebildete Isolierschicht gewährleistet einen Verbund zwischen der Kernschicht und einer die Sichtseite des Verbundelements bildenden Deckschicht. Diese Deckschicht, die aus einem oder mehreren flächigen, insbesondere plattenartigen Körpern besteht, ist zweck­mäßigerweise so ausgebildet, daß sie die von ihr überdeckte Kern- und Isolierschicht an deren Randkanten soweit in seitlicher Richtung über den gesamten Umfang der Kern- und Isolierschicht überragt, daß eine Rand­fläche an der Unterseite der überstehenden Deckschicht entsteht, die genügend Platz bietet, um die Vergußmasse aufnehmen zu können, mit der die Kern- und Isolierschicht ummantelt wird. Dadurch werden der die Kernschicht darstellende keramische Formkörper und die zweckmäßiger­weise die Heizleiterschicht des keramischen Formkörpers nach oben hin abdeckende Isolierschicht durch die Verguß­ masse wasserdicht ummantelt, wobei die Kern- und Isolier­schicht sowohl durch die Vergußmasse, wie auch durch die Deckschicht gegen Schädigungen wirkungsvoll gesichert sind.The insulating layer designed as an adhesive ensures a bond between the core layer and a cover layer forming the visible side of the composite element. This cover layer, which consists of one or more flat, in particular plate-like bodies, is expediently designed in such a way that it overlaps the core and insulating layer covered by it at its marginal edges so far in the lateral direction over the entire circumference of the core and insulating layer that a Edge surface on the underside of the overlying top layer is created, which offers enough space to accommodate the potting compound with which the core and insulation layer is encased. As a result, the ceramic molded body representing the core layer and the insulating layer expediently covering the heating conductor layer of the ceramic molded body by the encapsulation encased waterproof, the core and insulation layer against damage both by the casting compound and by the cover layer are effectively secured.

Die als Kleber ausgebildete Isolierschicht, die die Kernschicht und die Deckschicht miteinander ver­bindet, besitzt zweckmäßigerweise eine hohe Durch­schlagsfestigkeit von größer oder gleich 30 kV/mm, da sie die Aufgabe übernimmt, die elektrische Heiz­schicht der Kernschicht, die an einer 220-Volt-­Spannung liegt, gegen eventuelle beschädigte Teile der Deckschicht eindringende Feuchtigkeit mechanisch und elektrisch abzuisolieren und als elektrisches Kunststoffbauteil zweckmäßigerweise mit einer sehr hohen elektrischen Festigkeit ausgerüstet ist. Neben dieser Eigenschaft soll die Isolierschicht auch eine gute Wärmeleitung gewährleisten, um eine schnelle und verlustfreie Wärmeübertragung an die Deckschicht sicherzustellen. Die der Deckschicht nicht zuge­wandten Teile der Kern- und Isolierschicht sind mit einer vorzugsweise wasserdichten und schlecht wärmeleitenden Vergußmasse in der Weise abgedeckt bzw. ummantelt, daß eine feuchtigkeitsgeschützte wannenförmige Ummantelung entsteht, die auf der Sichtseite durch die Deckschicht begrenzt wird. An zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Verbundele­mentes wird an die Kontaktierungselemente der Heiz­schicht ein Stromzuführungskabel gelegt, welches durch die Vergußmasse hindurchgeführt ist und den elektrischen Anschluß gewährleistet.The insulating layer designed as an adhesive, which connects the core layer and the top layer to one another, advantageously has a high dielectric strength of greater than or equal to 30 kV / mm, since it takes on the task of the electrical heating layer of the core layer, which is connected to a 220 volt voltage to mechanically and electrically isolate moisture penetrating against any damaged parts of the cover layer and, as an electrical plastic component, is expediently equipped with a very high electrical strength. In addition to this property, the insulating layer should also ensure good heat conduction in order to ensure fast and loss-free heat transfer to the cover layer. The parts of the core and insulation layer not facing the cover layer are covered or sheathed with a preferably waterproof and poorly heat-conductive casting compound in such a way that a moisture-proof trough-shaped sheathing is created, which is delimited on the visible side by the cover layer. On two opposite sides of the composite element, a power supply cable is placed on the contacting elements of the heating layer, which is passed through the sealing compound and ensures the electrical connection.

Als Vergußmasse eignet sich insbesondere eine zäh­harte Masse aus einem modifizierten doppelt ver­netzten Polyurethan, insbesondere ein unter der Bezeichnung Megithan und unter der Typenbezeich­nung 2MD 112 in den Handel gebrachtes Material.Particularly suitable as casting compound is a tough, hard compound made of a modified double-crosslinked polyurethane, in particular a material marketed under the name Megithan and under the type designation 2MD 112.

Für die Isolierschicht eignet sich ein Kleber in Form eines modifizierten, doppelt vernetzten Poly­urethans, insbesondere ein unter der Bezeichnung Megithan-Kleber Type 2MD 111 in den Handel gebrach­tes Erzeugnis.An adhesive in the form of a modified, double-crosslinked polyurethane is suitable for the insulating layer, in particular a product marketed under the name Megithan adhesive type 2MD 111.

Die Deckschicht kann vollflächig in Form eines flächigen, insbesondere plattenartigen Formkörpers, aber auch aus mehreren kleineren flächigen Form­körpern gebildet sein, wobei das die Deckschicht bildende Material gute Strahlungswärme vermittelnde Eigenschaften sowie gut wärmeleitend und im Falle der Verwendung für Fußboden gute optische Gestal­tungsmöglichkeiten, hohe Festigkeitseigenschaften gegen mechanische Beanspruchungen, Widerstands­fähigkeit gegen chemische Angriffe und hohe Reini­gungsfreundlichkeit aufweisen soll. Als Material für die Deckschicht eignet sich insbesondere Keramik, aber auch natürliche Werkstoffe, wie insbesondere Naturstein.The covering layer can be formed over the entire surface in the form of a flat, in particular plate-like shaped body, but also from several smaller flat shaped bodies, the material forming the covering layer providing good radiation heat-imparting properties and good heat conduction and, in the case of use for floors, good optical design options and high strength properties mechanical stress, resistance to chemical attack and easy cleaning. Ceramic is particularly suitable as the material for the cover layer, but also natural materials, such as natural stone in particular.

Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfin­dung anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Darin zeigen

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Schnittansicht durch ein plattenartiges Verbundelement, sowie
  • Fig. 2 eine Einzelheit von Fig. 1.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the drawing. Show in it
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view through a plate-like composite element, as well
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of FIG. 1.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Verbundelement in Form einer groß­formatigen Platte für die Verwendung als Fußbodenbe­lag, die analog einer keramischen Platte auf einem entsprechenden Untergrund verlegbar ist. Als beson­ders geeignete Größe für derartige Verbundelemente hat sich ein Format von etwa 60 x 60 cm herausge­stellt. Das Verbundelement weist eine Kernschicht 1 in Form eines keramischen Formkörpers auf, der im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel durch eine kerami­sche Platte gebildet ist, die auf ihrer der Sicht­seite zugewandten Fläche mit einer Heizschicht ver­sehen ist.Fig. 1 shows a composite element in the form of a large-format plate for use as a floor covering, which can be laid on a corresponding surface analogous to a ceramic plate. As a particularly suitable size for such composite elements a format of about 60 x 60 cm has emerged. The composite element has a core layer 1 in the form of a ceramic molded body which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, is formed by a ceramic plate which is provided with a heating layer on its surface facing the visible side.

Als Heizschicht eignet sich insbesondere eine elek­trische Widerstandsbeschichtung in Form von nicht­metallischen, elektrisch leitenden Teilchen, insbe­sondere Graphitteilchen, die in einer nicht oder nur schlecht leitenden Trägersubstanz eingebettet sind entsprechend der europäischen Patentanmeldung 85 102 232.7. Mit dem keramischen Formkörper 1 ist über eine als Kleber ausgebildete elektrische Isolier­schicht 3 eine Deckschicht 4 fest verbunden, die aus einem oder mehreren flächigen Formkörpern im dargestell­ten Ausführungsbeispiel durch einen plattenartigen kera­mischen Formkörper gebildet ist. Als Material für die Deckschicht eignet sich insbesondere Keramik, jedoch auch Naturstein. Die Deckschicht 4 steht seitlich geringfügig über die Randkante der Isolierschicht 3 und der Kernschicht 1 vor, so daß eine freie umlaufen­de untere Randfläche an der Deckschicht verbleibt, die frei ist zur bündigen Aufnahme einer Vergußmas­se 5, die die seitlichen Ränder der Isolierschicht und der Kernschicht sowie die untere Fläche der Kern­schicht 1 vollflächig ummantelt.An electrical resistance coating in the form of non-metallic, electrically conductive particles, in particular graphite particles, which are embedded in a non-conductive or poorly conductive carrier substance in accordance with European patent application 85 102 232.7 is particularly suitable as the heating layer. A cover layer 4, which is formed from one or more flat shaped bodies in the exemplary embodiment shown by a plate-like ceramic shaped body, is firmly connected to the ceramic shaped body 1 via an electrical insulating layer 3 designed as an adhesive. Ceramic is particularly suitable as the material for the cover layer, but also natural stone. The cover layer 4 protrudes laterally slightly over the edge of the insulating layer 3 and the core layer 1, so that a free circumferential lower edge surface remains on the cover layer, which is free for flush reception of a sealing compound 5, which the lateral edges of the insulating layer and the core layer as well the entire surface of the lower surface of the core layer 1 is encased.

Die Dicke der Kernschicht 1 aus keramischem Material beträgt etwa 6 mm. Die auf der Kernschicht aufge­brachte Heizschicht in Form einer elektrischen Wider­standsbeschichtung besitzt eine Dicke von etwa 150 Mikrometer. Die elektrische Isolierschicht ist zweckmäßigerweise aus einem modifizierten doppelt ver­netzten Polyurethan gebildet und weist im dargestell­ten Ausführungsbeispiel eine Dicke von etwa 2 mm auf.The thickness of the core layer 1 made of ceramic material is approximately 6 mm. The heating layer applied to the core layer in the form of an electrical resistance coating has a thickness of approximately 150 micrometers. The electrical insulation layer is Expediently formed from a modified double-crosslinked polyurethane and has a thickness of approximately 2 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown.

Im bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel, bei em für die Deckschicht keramisches Material verwendet wird, be­trägt die Dicke der Deckschicht 4 etwa 8 mm. Die Dicke der Vergußmasse, die die Kernschicht 1 und die Iso­lierschicht 3 ummantelt, beträgt etwa 3 mm. Die Verguß­masse selbst ist aus einem modifizierten, doppelt ver­netzten Polyurethan hergestellt.In the preferred exemplary embodiment, in which ceramic material is used for the cover layer, the thickness of the cover layer 4 is approximately 8 mm. The thickness of the sealing compound, which encases the core layer 1 and the insulating layer 3, is approximately 3 mm. The casting compound itself is made from a modified, double-crosslinked polyurethane.

Wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, erfolgt die Stromver­sorgung des Raumheizelements über durch die Verguß­masse geführte Anschlußleitungen 7, die mit Leiter­bahnen 6 verbunden sind, welche an den Seitenrän­dern der die Heizschicht 2 bildenden elektrischen Widerstandsbeschichtung angeordnet und gleichfalls von der Vergußmasse ummantelt sind.As can be seen from Fig. 2, the power supply to the room heating element takes place via connecting cables 7 which are guided through the sealing compound and which are connected to conductor tracks 6 which are arranged on the side edges of the electrical resistance coating forming the heating layer 2 and are likewise encased by the sealing compound.

Claims (8)

1. Flächiges keramisches Verbundmaterial, gebildet aus einem flächigen keramischen Formkörper, der auf ei­ner Seite mit einer Heizschicht in Form einer elek­trischen Widerstandsbeschichtung versehen ist, da­durch gekennzeichnet,
daß der keramische Formkörper die Kernschicht (1) des Verbundelementes bildet, mit Hilfe einer klebe­fähigen Isolierschicht (3) mit einem oder mehreren als Deckschicht (4) dienenden flächigen Formkör­per(n) verbunden ist und Kern- sowie Isolier­schicht (1; 3) durch eine Vergußmasse (5) an den nicht zur Deckschicht (4) gerichteten Seiten voll­flächig abgedeckt sind.1. Flat ceramic composite material, formed from a flat ceramic molded body, which is provided on one side with a heating layer in the form of an electrical resistance coating, characterized in that
that the ceramic molded body forms the core layer (1) of the composite element, is connected with the aid of an adhesive insulating layer (3) to one or more flat molded body (s) serving as cover layer (4) and core and insulating layer (1; 3) by one Potting compound (5) are covered over the entire surface on the sides not facing the cover layer (4). 2. Verbundelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Isolierschicht als Kleber, als schmelzklebende, folienartige Isolierschicht oder als zweiseitig klebebeschichtete Isolierschicht ausgebildet ist.2. Composite element according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating layer is designed as an adhesive, as a melt-adhesive, film-like insulating layer or as a double-sided adhesive-coated insulating layer. 3. Verbundelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die flächige Deckschicht (4) die Randkanten der keramischen Kernschicht (1) und der Isolierschicht (3) seitlich geringfügig über den gesamten Umfang überragt.3. Composite element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flat cover layer (4) overhangs the marginal edges of the ceramic core layer (1) and the insulating layer (3) slightly over the entire circumference. 4. Verbundelement nach einem der vorhergehenden An­sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die als Kleber ausgebildete Isolierschicht (3) eine elektrische Durchschlagsfestigkeit von größer oder gleich 30 kV/mm und eine gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist.4. Composite element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating layer (3) designed as an adhesive has an electrical dielectric strength of greater than or equal to 30 kV / mm and good thermal conductivity. 5. Verbundelement nach einem der vorhergehenden An­sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verguß­masse (5) wasser- und feuchtigkeitsundurchlässig, schlecht wärmeleitend und mit hoher Festigkeit aus­gebildet ist.5. Composite element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealing compound (5) is water- and moisture-impermeable, poorly heat-conducting and of high strength. 6. Verbundelement nach einem der vorhergehenden An­sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die flächige Deckschicht (3) aus einem gut wärmeleitenden Mate­rial von geringer Wandstärke gebildet ist.6. Composite element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flat cover layer (3) is formed from a good heat-conducting material of small wall thickness. 7. Verbundelement nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die flächige Deckschicht aus kerami­schem Material oder aus Naturstein gebildet ist.7. Composite element according to claim 6, characterized in that the flat cover layer is formed from ceramic material or from natural stone. 8. Verbundelement nach einem der vorhergehenden An­sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Stromver­sorgung der Heizschicht (2) Leiterbahnen (6) an den seitlichen Rändern der Widerstandsbeschichtung an­geordnet sind, deren Anschlußleitungen (7) durch die Vergußmasse nach außen geführt sind.8. Composite element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the power supply of the heating layer (2) conductor tracks (6) are arranged on the lateral edges of the resistance coating, the connecting lines (7) are guided through the sealing compound to the outside.
EP89114020A 1988-08-16 1989-07-28 Plane ceramic composite Withdrawn EP0357945A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3827825A DE3827825A1 (en) 1988-08-16 1988-08-16 FLAT CERAMIC COMPOSITE ELEMENT
DE3827825 1988-08-16

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EP0357945A1 true EP0357945A1 (en) 1990-03-14

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EP89114020A Withdrawn EP0357945A1 (en) 1988-08-16 1989-07-28 Plane ceramic composite

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EP (1) EP0357945A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0282485A (en)
DE (1) DE3827825A1 (en)
DK (1) DK400289A (en)
FI (1) FI893756A (en)
NO (1) NO893273L (en)
ZA (1) ZA896026B (en)

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WO1997004622A1 (en) * 1995-07-17 1997-02-06 White Consolidated Industries, Inc. Capacitive leakage current cancellation for heating panel
FR2737833A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 1997-02-14 Oliger France ELECTRIC HEATING DEVICE AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD
WO1997009866A1 (en) * 1995-09-07 1997-03-13 Bar-Keser Project Management Initiatives And Economic Consultants (1991) Ltd. Electric heating devices and elements
US6704497B2 (en) 1995-09-07 2004-03-09 Bar-Keser Project Management Initiatives And Economic Consultants (1991) Ltd. Electric heating devices and elements
WO2006076967A1 (en) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-27 Kronospan Technical Company Ltd. Heating device for wall, ceiling or floor coverings
ITRN20100001A1 (en) * 2010-01-25 2011-07-26 Ceramica Faetano S A CERAMIC HEATING COVERING FOR FLOORS AND WALLS

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DE4436013A1 (en) * 1994-10-08 1996-04-18 Wolfgang Kurz Heating system for heating of fluid or flowable media continuously or intermittently
DE19805294B4 (en) * 1998-02-10 2004-04-22 Dieter Kehl Process for the production of a natural stone slab
DE20114846U1 (en) 2001-09-08 2001-12-06 Feyer, Ralf M., 58513 Lüdenscheid Base plate
DE10210677A1 (en) * 2002-03-12 2003-10-09 Sgl Carbon Ag Carbon-containing molded body for heating rooms
JP3821075B2 (en) * 2002-09-20 2006-09-13 住友電気工業株式会社 Ceramic heater and manufacturing method thereof

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FR2490056A1 (en) * 1980-09-05 1982-03-12 Bonato Mario Electrically powered heating panel - uses medium resistivity material on heat and electrically insulating base with electric insulator covering to provide uniform heat
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997004622A1 (en) * 1995-07-17 1997-02-06 White Consolidated Industries, Inc. Capacitive leakage current cancellation for heating panel
FR2737833A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 1997-02-14 Oliger France ELECTRIC HEATING DEVICE AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD
WO1997007366A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 1997-02-27 Oliger France Electric heater and method for making same
WO1997009866A1 (en) * 1995-09-07 1997-03-13 Bar-Keser Project Management Initiatives And Economic Consultants (1991) Ltd. Electric heating devices and elements
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US6704497B2 (en) 1995-09-07 2004-03-09 Bar-Keser Project Management Initiatives And Economic Consultants (1991) Ltd. Electric heating devices and elements
WO2006076967A1 (en) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-27 Kronospan Technical Company Ltd. Heating device for wall, ceiling or floor coverings
US8471181B2 (en) 2005-01-19 2013-06-25 Kronoplus Technical Ag Heating device for wall, ceiling or floor coverings
ITRN20100001A1 (en) * 2010-01-25 2011-07-26 Ceramica Faetano S A CERAMIC HEATING COVERING FOR FLOORS AND WALLS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO893273D0 (en) 1989-08-15
NO893273L (en) 1990-02-19
DK400289D0 (en) 1989-08-15
FI893756A0 (en) 1989-08-09
ZA896026B (en) 1990-05-30
DK400289A (en) 1990-02-17
FI893756A (en) 1990-02-17
JPH0282485A (en) 1990-03-23
DE3827825A1 (en) 1990-02-22

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