EP0232525B1 - Flat ceramic element - Google Patents

Flat ceramic element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0232525B1
EP0232525B1 EP86117575A EP86117575A EP0232525B1 EP 0232525 B1 EP0232525 B1 EP 0232525B1 EP 86117575 A EP86117575 A EP 86117575A EP 86117575 A EP86117575 A EP 86117575A EP 0232525 B1 EP0232525 B1 EP 0232525B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistance
flat
glazing
ceramic
ceramic body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86117575A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0232525A1 (en
Inventor
Martin Dipl.-Ing. Bard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Buchtal GmbH
Original Assignee
Buchtal GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Buchtal GmbH filed Critical Buchtal GmbH
Priority to AT86117575T priority Critical patent/ATE44343T1/en
Publication of EP0232525A1 publication Critical patent/EP0232525A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0232525B1 publication Critical patent/EP0232525B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic

Definitions

  • a flat ceramic body is known from EP-A1-0 157 179, which is provided with an electrically conductive resistance coating on the side facing away from its visible side.
  • Such flat ceramic bodies are used, for example, as cladding panels for the design of the walls or the floor or the ceiling of living, business and office spaces, but also of sanitary rooms, sports and swimming pools. They can also be used as shaped stones for swimming pool linings or the like. Because it can be heated, it is possible to optimally design the radiation surface available on a wall, ceiling or floor surface to be clad with it, to make do with as few electrical connection and connecting elements as possible and to ensure uniform heat radiation.
  • the electrically conductive resistance coating can u. a. also be an electrically conductive resistance glaze. Their melting point should not be above 750 ° C because glazes with a higher melting point have proven unsuitable.
  • connection of the electrically conductive resistance glaze to the power source is carried out via band-like contacting elements attached to the edge of the flat body, which, for. B. in the form of a strip-shaped Cu application or a baked Ag paste.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this, and proposes that an element made of a metallic material, whose melting point is above the melting point of the ceramic resistance glaze and whose coefficient of thermal expansion is embedded, embedded in the ceramic resistance glaze and having openings which can be connected to a power source, is used as the contacting element is approximately the same as that of the ceramic resistance glaze.
  • the ceramic resistance glaze is chosen so that its coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the flat ceramic body.
  • the material selected for the contacting element has a temperature factor of the electrical resistance between 20 and 600 ° C. of greater than 2.
  • the contacting element is advantageously in the form of a meander, a film with holes, or a network with an appropriate mesh size.
  • the drawing shows a section of a flat ceramic body in which the electrical contacting element is designed according to the invention.
  • 3a, 3b designate a band-like contacting element which, shown enlarged, according to the lower exemplary embodiment, consists of a film with corresponding openings. This film is embedded in the electrical resistance glaze, so that there is an intimate contact between the contacting element 3 and the electrical resistance glaze 2.
  • a network 3a or, according to the above exemplary embodiment, a corresponding meandering structure 3b can be used. It is only essential that an intimate embedding of the contacting element in the electrical resistance glaze is possible.
  • certain materials with the required properties and also a temperature factor of the electrical resistance between 20 and 600 ° C of greater than 2 are commercially available, for. B. available under the trade name VACON and are offered as smelting alloys for electronic tubes.

Abstract

1. Flat c¢eramic body (1) having an electrically conductive resistance glazing (2) on the side which faces away from its visible side, said resistance glazing being connectable to a current source via contacting elements (3, 3a, 3b), characterized in that the contacting element (3, 3a, 3b) is a flat element of a metallic material, which is embedded in the ceramic resistance glazing (2), has break-through openings, and can be connected to a current source, and whose melting point is above the melting point of the ceramic resistance glazing and whose coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately the same as that of the ceramic resistance glazing.

Description

Aus der EP-A1-0 157 179 ist ein flächiger keramischer Körper bekannt geworden, der auf der seiner Sichtseite abgewendeten Seite mit einer elektrisch leitenden Widerstandsbeschichtung versehen ist. Solche flächigen keramischen Körper finden beispielsweise als Verkleidungsplatten für die Gestaltung der Wände oder des Fußbodens bzw. der Decke von Wohn-, Geschäfts- und Büroräumen, aber auch von Sanitärräumen, Sport-und Schwimmhallen Verwendung. Sie können auch als Formsteine für Schwimmbeckenauskleidungen od. dergleichen eingesetzt werden. Durch ihre Beheizbarkeit ist es möglich, die auf einer damit zu verkleidenden Wand-, Decken-oder Bodenfläche zur Verfügung stehende Strahlungsffäche optimal zu gestalten, mit möglichst wenigen elektrischen Anschluß- und Verbindungselementen auszukommen und eine gleichmäßige Wärmeabstrahlung zu gewährleisten.A flat ceramic body is known from EP-A1-0 157 179, which is provided with an electrically conductive resistance coating on the side facing away from its visible side. Such flat ceramic bodies are used, for example, as cladding panels for the design of the walls or the floor or the ceiling of living, business and office spaces, but also of sanitary rooms, sports and swimming pools. They can also be used as shaped stones for swimming pool linings or the like. Because it can be heated, it is possible to optimally design the radiation surface available on a wall, ceiling or floor surface to be clad with it, to make do with as few electrical connection and connecting elements as possible and to ensure uniform heat radiation.

Die elektrisch leitende Widerstandsbeschichtung kann u. a. auch eine elektrisch leitende Widerstandsglasur sein. Ihr Schmelzpunkt soll nicht über 750 °C liegen, weil sich Glasuren mit höherem Schmelzpunkt als ungeeignet erwiesen haben.The electrically conductive resistance coating can u. a. also be an electrically conductive resistance glaze. Their melting point should not be above 750 ° C because glazes with a higher melting point have proven unsuitable.

Der Anschluß der elektrisch leitenden Widerstandsglasur an die Stromquelle erfolgt über am Rande des flächigen Körpers angebrachte bänderartige Kontaktierungselemente, die z. B. in Form eines streifenförmigen Cu-Auftrages oder einer eingebrannten Ag-Paste vorliegen.The connection of the electrically conductive resistance glaze to the power source is carried out via band-like contacting elements attached to the edge of the flat body, which, for. B. in the form of a strip-shaped Cu application or a baked Ag paste.

Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß bei Verwendung von Cu-Kontaktierungselementen eine Verbindung derselben mit der Glasur mitunter überhaupt nicht, jedenfalls aber nur sehr schwierig herstellbar ist und verhältnismäßig bald wenigstens teilweise wieder verloren geht. Untersuchungen haben ergeben, daß diese Schwierigkeiten auf den erheblich unterschiedlichen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten des für die Kontaktierungselemente verwendeten Kupfers und der den flächigen Körper abdeckenden Widerstandsglasur zurückzuführen sind.It has been shown, however, that when using Cu contacting elements it is sometimes not at all possible to connect them to the glaze, but in any case it is very difficult to produce and is at least partially lost relatively soon. Studies have shown that these difficulties are due to the considerably different coefficients of thermal expansion of the copper used for the contacting elements and the resistance glaze covering the flat body.

Auch bei eingebrannten Streifen aus einer Silberpaste ist die Haftung zwischen dem Silber und der Glasur häufig unzureichend.Even with burned-in strips of silver paste, the adhesion between the silver and the glaze is often insufficient.

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen und schlägt vor, daß als Kontaktierungselement jeweils ein in der keramischen Widerstandsglasur eingebettetes, flächiges, Durchbrüche aufweisendes, an einer Stromquelle anschließbares Element aus einem metallischen Werkstoff verwendet ist, dessen Schmelzpunkt oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der keramischen Widerstandsglasur liegt und dessen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient annähemd gleich dem der keramischen Widerstandsglasur ist.Here, the invention seeks to remedy this, and proposes that an element made of a metallic material, whose melting point is above the melting point of the ceramic resistance glaze and whose coefficient of thermal expansion is embedded, embedded in the ceramic resistance glaze and having openings which can be connected to a power source, is used as the contacting element is approximately the same as that of the ceramic resistance glaze.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn man die keramische Widerstandsglasur so wählt, daß ihr Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient in etwa gleich dem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient des flächigen keramischen Körpers ist.It is particularly advantageous if the ceramic resistance glaze is chosen so that its coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the flat ceramic body.

In Weiterbildung weist der für das Kontaktierungselement gewählte Werkstoff einen Temperaturfaktor des elektrischen Widerstandes zwischen 20 und 600 °C von größer als 2 auf.In a further development, the material selected for the contacting element has a temperature factor of the electrical resistance between 20 and 600 ° C. of greater than 2.

Das Kontaktierungselement liegt vorteilhaft in Form eines Mäanders, einer Folie mit Löchern, oder eines Netzwerkes mit entsprechender Maschenweite vor.The contacting element is advantageously in the form of a meander, a film with holes, or a network with an appropriate mesh size.

Die Zeichnung zeigt in einer einzigen Figur einen Ausschnitt aus einem flächigen keramischen Körper, bei dem das elektrische Kontaktierungselement erfindungsgemäß ausgebildet ist.In a single figure, the drawing shows a section of a flat ceramic body in which the electrical contacting element is designed according to the invention.

Mit 1 ist allgemein eine keramische Platte bezeichnet, deren Abmessungen z. B. 85 x 125 cm bei einer Dicke von 0,8 cm betragen. Auf der sichtbaren Rückseite befindet sich eine elektrisch leitende Widerstandsglasur 2. Mit 3, 3a, 3b ist ein bänderartiges Kontaktierungselement bezeichnet, das - vergrößert dargestellt - nach dem unteren Ausführungsbeispiel aus einer Folie mit entsprechenden Durchbrechungen besteht. Diese Folie ist in die elektrische Widerstandsglasur eingebettet, so daß ein inniger Kontakt zwischen dem Kontaktierungselement 3 und der elektrischen Widerstandsglasur 2 vorhanden ist. Selbstverständlich kann anstelle der Folie 3 mit ihren Durchbrechungen ein Netzwerk 3a oder nach dem oberen Ausführungsbeispiel ein entsprechendes mäanderförmiges Gebilde 3b verwendet werden. Wesentlich ist lediglich, daß eine innige Einbettung des Kontaktierungselementes in der elektrischen Widerstandsglasur möglich ist.1 with a ceramic plate is generally designated, the dimensions of z. B. 85 x 125 cm with a thickness of 0.8 cm. An electrically conductive resistance glaze 2 is located on the visible rear side. 3, 3a, 3b designate a band-like contacting element which, shown enlarged, according to the lower exemplary embodiment, consists of a film with corresponding openings. This film is embedded in the electrical resistance glaze, so that there is an intimate contact between the contacting element 3 and the electrical resistance glaze 2. Of course, instead of the film 3 with its perforations, a network 3a or, according to the above exemplary embodiment, a corresponding meandering structure 3b can be used. It is only essential that an intimate embedding of the contacting element in the electrical resistance glaze is possible.

Für die Kontaktierungselemente bestimmte Werkstoffe mit den geforderten Eigenschaften und auch einem Temperaturfaktor des elektrischen Widerstandes zwischen 20 und 600 °C von größer als 2 sind im Handel, z. B. unter der Warenbezeichnung VACON erhältlich und werden als Einschmelzlegierungen für elektronische Röhren angeboten.For the contacting elements certain materials with the required properties and also a temperature factor of the electrical resistance between 20 and 600 ° C of greater than 2 are commercially available, for. B. available under the trade name VACON and are offered as smelting alloys for electronic tubes.

Als Stand der Technik sind berücksichtigt :

  • EP-A1-0 157179
  • DE-A-1 440 971
  • DE-B-2 022 169
  • DE-A-22 44 157
  • DE-A-16 15 494
  • DE-B-25 15 897
The following are considered as state of the art:
  • EP-A1-0 157179
  • DE-A-1 440 971
  • DE-B-2 022 169
  • DE-A-22 44 157
  • DE-A-16 15 494
  • DE-B-25 15 897

Claims (4)

1. Flat ceramic body (1) having an electrically conductive resistance glazing (2) on the side which faces away from its visible side, said resistance giazing being connectable to a current source via contacting elements (3, 3a, 3b), characterised in that the contacting element (3, 3a, 3b) is a flat element of a metallic material, which is embedded in the ceramic resistance glazing (2), has break-through openings, and can be connected to a current source, and whose melting point is above the melting point of the ceramic resistance glazing and whose coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately the same as that of the ceramic resistance glazing.
2. Flat ceramic body according to claim 1, characterised in that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic resistance glazing (2) is approximately the same as the coefficient of thermal expansion of the flat ceramic body (1).
3. Flat ceramic body according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the material selected for the contacing element has a temperature factor of the electric resistance between 20 and 600 °C of more than 2.
4. Flat ceramic body according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the contacting element has the form of a meander, of a foil with holes, or of a network having appropriate mesh size.
EP86117575A 1985-12-19 1986-12-17 Flat ceramic element Expired EP0232525B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86117575T ATE44343T1 (en) 1985-12-19 1986-12-17 FLAT CERAMIC BODY I.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3545118 1985-12-19
DE19853545118 DE3545118A1 (en) 1985-12-19 1985-12-19 Flat ceramic body I

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0232525A1 EP0232525A1 (en) 1987-08-19
EP0232525B1 true EP0232525B1 (en) 1989-06-28

Family

ID=6288959

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86117575A Expired EP0232525B1 (en) 1985-12-19 1986-12-17 Flat ceramic element

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0232525B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE44343T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3545118A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2009777B3 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3710626A1 (en) * 1987-02-17 1988-08-25 Buchtal Gmbh ROOM HEATING ELEMENT CONSISTING OF A CERAMIC MOLDED BODY WITH AN ELECTRIC RESISTANT COATING, IN PARTICULAR IN THE FORM OF A CERAMIC PLATE
GB8905014D0 (en) * 1989-03-04 1989-04-19 Emi Plc Thorn Electrical connectors

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1440971A1 (en) * 1963-07-27 1969-01-16 Conex Elektro Und Haushaltgera Electric heating element for household appliances and space heaters
FR1488875A (en) * 1965-08-12 1967-07-13 Ritter Pfaudler Corp Electrical device and method for its manufacture
DE1615494A1 (en) * 1967-07-27 1971-02-25 Hermann Vierling Heating surface that can be heated by electrical resistance heating
DE2022169C3 (en) * 1970-05-06 1974-02-07 Kabel- Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag, 3000 Hannover Method for electrically connecting the contact elements of a heating element to connecting lines
DE2244157A1 (en) * 1972-09-08 1974-03-14 Ebenseer Betonwerke Gmbh SURFACE HEATING FOR COMPONENTS
DE2401203C3 (en) * 1974-01-11 1980-06-12 Kabel- Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag, 3000 Hannover Flexible electrical panel heating element
DE2515897C3 (en) * 1975-04-11 1979-01-11 Kabel- Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag, 3000 Hannover Flexible electrical panel heating element
US4323726A (en) * 1980-07-24 1982-04-06 Ppg Industries, Inc. Electrical bus bar assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3545118A1 (en) 1987-06-25
ATE44343T1 (en) 1989-07-15
ES2009777B3 (en) 1989-10-16
EP0232525A1 (en) 1987-08-19
DE3664181D1 (en) 1989-08-03

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