EP0157179A1 - Support céramique plat ayant une couche résistante électrique, et méthode d'ajustement de la valeur de la résistance de la couche - Google Patents

Support céramique plat ayant une couche résistante électrique, et méthode d'ajustement de la valeur de la résistance de la couche Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0157179A1
EP0157179A1 EP85102232A EP85102232A EP0157179A1 EP 0157179 A1 EP0157179 A1 EP 0157179A1 EP 85102232 A EP85102232 A EP 85102232A EP 85102232 A EP85102232 A EP 85102232A EP 0157179 A1 EP0157179 A1 EP 0157179A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistance
layer
electrical
body according
shaped body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85102232A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0157179B1 (fr
Inventor
Gottfried Dr. Cremer
Martin Dipl.-Ing. Bard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Buchtal Keramische Betriebe GmbH
Buchtal GmbH
Original Assignee
Buchtal Keramische Betriebe GmbH
Buchtal GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19843433669 external-priority patent/DE3433669A1/de
Application filed by Buchtal Keramische Betriebe GmbH, Buchtal GmbH filed Critical Buchtal Keramische Betriebe GmbH
Priority to AT85102232T priority Critical patent/ATE47950T1/de
Publication of EP0157179A1 publication Critical patent/EP0157179A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0157179B1 publication Critical patent/EP0157179B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flat ceramic molded body which is provided with an electrical resistance coating on the side facing away from its visible side.
  • An electrical resistance coating is to be understood as a coating which is electrically conductive but is poorly conductive, so that the electrical energy introduced into it is converted into thermal energy.
  • Space heaters are generally installed below window openings so that the room air they heat rises above the window openings and thus creates a warm air curtain in front of the window opening. Even when radiators are installed on walls, there is an air movement from the floor to the ceiling of the room heated with them, the heat radiated into the room by the radiator only playing a minor role.
  • the prior art also includes underfloor heating systems in which heating coils acted upon by liquid heat transfer medium, but also electrical heating conductors, are accommodated in the screed or below the top floor covering.
  • Underfloor heating systems are comparatively cumbersome and expensive to build and require comparatively complex controls.
  • Ceramic moldings such as plates, which serve as floor or wall cladding panels for the design of the walls or the floor or the ceiling of living, business and office spaces, but also of sanitary rooms, sports and swimming pools serve.
  • Such ceramic moldings can also form stones for swimming pool linings and. be.
  • the sheet-like molding used to date have cm maximum dimensions of 30 x 30 because only up to these dimensions their production in dry reßbacter p is possible, if you will come to the smallest possible plate thickness.
  • a sheet-like electrical heating device is known with a flat support receiving a heating element, in which the heating element is in the form of a thin layer of electrically conductive material on a Surface of the carrier is applied.
  • the electrically conductive material consists entirely or partially of semiconductor material, no success can be achieved because the layers of such material cannot be reproducibly produced with respect to their electrical resistance.
  • the heaters therefore have different heating powers from piece to piece.
  • the invention has set itself the goal of proposing a flat ceramic molding, with the help of which it is possible to optimally design the radiation surface available on a wall, ceiling or floor surface to be clad with as few electrical connection and connecting elements as possible get along and ensure a uniform heat radiation.
  • the heating output is practically not interrupted. At most, there is a slight local reduction in the heating output, but not a complete interruption of the same. In addition, there is no local overheating.
  • the electrical resistance coating can consist of a layer of an aging-resistant synthetic resin with an electrically conductive admixture e.g. a pure graphite admixture and of such a structure that the layer has a resistance value which is necessary in accordance with the required electrical power.
  • the resistance value can be set to values from a few ⁇ up to several k ⁇ by changing the proportion of conductive, e.g. Graphite admixture and / or change in layer thickness.
  • the layer thickness is usually between 10 and 50 ⁇ m.
  • the electrical power consumption is, for example, approximately 100 W, with a 60 x 60 cm plate, approximately 30 W.
  • aging-resistant means resistance to continuous stress up to approximately 100 ° C. over the life of the ceramic molded body.
  • the electrical resistance coating consists of a electrical resistance film which has a polyester cover layer, an electrically conductive intermediate layer provided with feed and discharge lines, for example a graphite and / or carbon black layer as a resistance layer and a polyester underlayer.
  • feed and discharge lines for example a graphite and / or carbon black layer as a resistance layer and a polyester underlayer.
  • Such resistance foils are known per se.
  • the supply and discharge lines to the resistance layer are generally in the form of copper strips.
  • polyester is very resistant to aging.
  • the problem that arises when using polyester material for the top and bottom layers of the resistance film can be solved if, according to a modified embodiment of the invention the resistance layer is divided in terms of area while leaving areas not covered by it, the link surfaces are electrically connected to one another and local openings of the resistance foil are provided in the areas not covered by the resistance layer.
  • a shaped ceramic body designed in this way is glued to a plaster layer or the like with the aid of an adhesive which is customary for adhering shaped ceramic bodies to wall surfaces or the like, then the adhesion takes place via the adhesive which is exposed in the openings or emerges from them and is obtained such a fixing of the ceramic molded body to the substrate provided for its reception, although only local, but with the correct dimensioning of the perforation grid.
  • the electrical resistance coating in the form of a resistance glaze.
  • This glaze is applied to the already fired shaped body and fixed by firing the shaped body again.
  • a glaze whose melting point does not exceed 750 ° C. must be selected as the glaze. Glazes with a higher melting point have proven unsuitable.
  • the adhesive with which the ceramic molded body is to be fixed on the substrate is an electrical resistance. It is possible to use two different types of adhesive, the adhesive adjacent to the molded body being made of electrical resistance material, while the adhesive to be placed on the substrate is an electrically insulating adhesive.
  • the glue have essentially the same thermal expansion properties and chemical compatibility, so that a particularly simple fastening of the ceramic electrical resistance molded body is possible in this way.
  • a material can be selected as the material for the electrically conductive resistance layer which, when exposed to electrical current, has a temperature response such that the current consumption of the material decreases sharply with increasing heating.
  • the electrical resistance coating is expediently contacted by contacting elements which are arranged symmetrically on the electrical resistance layer.
  • the contacting elements can be provided in the form of contacting strips along two edges of the plate that face away from one another.
  • the plate is a ceramic plate that has a relief on its back
  • the contacting elements are expediently placed in the channels on the edges facing away from one another between the webs delimiting them.
  • a further development of the invention makes it possible to subsequently fine-tune the resistance values of electrical resistance coatings on such shaped bodies to desired values.
  • this is done by reducing the layer thickness of the resistance coating or heating the resistance coating to increase the resistance value.
  • the layer cover of the resistance coating is reduced by sandblasting, electroerosion, brushing or the like, or the resistance layer is heated from the outside, for example by flame treatment or irradiation.
  • electrical current through the resistance coating with a considerably higher strength than during normal operation. This changes the structure of the resistance coating so that there is a corresponding increase in the overall resistance value.
  • Fig. 1 generally designates a ceramic plate, the dimensions of which, for. B. 85 x 125 cm with a thickness of 0.8 cm.
  • 3 and 4 denote band-like contacting elements which are glued to the electrical resistance layer or fastened to it in another way. 5 and 6 mean the power supply lines.
  • 31 generally designates a ceramic molded body which, as shown in FIG. 3, is made up of a ceramic plate 41, an adhesive layer 42 and a resistance film 43.
  • the resistance film consists of a polyester cover layer 46 connected via the adhesive layer 42 to the side 45 facing away from the visible side 44 of the plate, one at the edge with supply and discharge lines in the form of copper strips 32, 33 with power supply lines 32 ', 33' (Fig. 2) provided graphite and / or carbon black intermediate layer 47 as a resistance layer and a polyester lower layer 48, via which the ceramic molded body to the supporting surface 50, for example a plastered wall is glued on.
  • the resistance foil 43 contains three tracks 43a, 43b, 43c with resistance layer material.
  • the conductive intermediate layer or resistance layer in a training in which it is divided in terms of area while leaving areas not covered by it can be, for. B. a meandering arrangement of the resistance layer or a breakdown of the same into several flat, but electrically interconnected or subsequently to be connected sub-layers in the form of strips, flat pieces or the like. The selection of the appropriate pattern depends on the local conditions and / or the technical requirements.
  • a ceramic plate is indicated at 91, on which a resistance layer 92 is applied.
  • the application thickness of this resistance coating 92 is determined by means of a suitable measure, e.g. B. sandblasting, electroerosion, brushing or the like. Reduced in thickness in the illustrated embodiment using a z. B. rotating brush 93, so that the application thickness to the target thickness, as indicated in the area 94, decreases.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
EP19850102232 1984-02-29 1985-02-28 Support céramique plat ayant une couche résistante électrique, et méthode d'ajustement de la valeur de la résistance de la couche Expired EP0157179B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85102232T ATE47950T1 (de) 1984-02-29 1985-02-28 Mit einer elektrischen widerstandsbeschichtung versehener flaechiger keramischer formkoerper und verfahren zur einstellung des widerstandswertes der widerstandsbeschichtung.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3407444 1984-02-29
DE3407444 1984-02-29
DE3433669 1984-09-13
DE19843433669 DE3433669A1 (de) 1984-02-29 1984-09-13 Flaechiger keramischer formkoerper

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0157179A1 true EP0157179A1 (fr) 1985-10-09
EP0157179B1 EP0157179B1 (fr) 1989-11-08

Family

ID=25818953

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850102232 Expired EP0157179B1 (fr) 1984-02-29 1985-02-28 Support céramique plat ayant une couche résistante électrique, et méthode d'ajustement de la valeur de la résistance de la couche

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0157179B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK162559C (fr)
FI (1) FI83720C (fr)
NO (1) NO850815L (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0231913A2 (fr) * 1986-02-03 1987-08-12 Buchtal Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Revêtement pour recouvrements de mur, plafond ou sol
DE3827825A1 (de) * 1988-08-16 1990-02-22 Buchtal Gmbh Flaechiges keramisches verbundelement
US4964013A (en) * 1988-09-28 1990-10-16 Kitagawa Industries Co., Ltd. Electric noise absorber
WO2004105440A3 (fr) * 2003-05-16 2006-03-23 Braincom Ag Dispositif de chauffage et son procede de production, et objet chauffable et son procede de production
US7090744B2 (en) * 1996-08-23 2006-08-15 Weyerhaeuser Company Process for making composition for conversion to lyocell fiber from sawdust

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2211832A1 (fr) * 1972-12-20 1974-07-19 Horiki Seinosuke
FR2282147A1 (fr) * 1971-10-16 1976-03-12 Reuter Maschinen Werkzeugbau G Laque conductrice d'electricite
DE2535622A1 (de) * 1975-08-09 1977-02-17 Terracom Ets Heizelement fuer flaechige waermeabgabe
FR2490056A1 (fr) * 1980-09-05 1982-03-12 Bonato Mario Element de surface de chauffage electrique et son procede de fabrication
DE3311051A1 (de) * 1983-03-25 1984-09-27 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Flexibles heizelement in bandform, das aus elektrisch leitfaehigen koernchen aus ptc-material und einem organischen isolierenden kunststoff als bindemittel besteht, und verfahren zur herstellung des flexiblen heizelementes

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2282147A1 (fr) * 1971-10-16 1976-03-12 Reuter Maschinen Werkzeugbau G Laque conductrice d'electricite
FR2211832A1 (fr) * 1972-12-20 1974-07-19 Horiki Seinosuke
DE2535622A1 (de) * 1975-08-09 1977-02-17 Terracom Ets Heizelement fuer flaechige waermeabgabe
FR2490056A1 (fr) * 1980-09-05 1982-03-12 Bonato Mario Element de surface de chauffage electrique et son procede de fabrication
DE3311051A1 (de) * 1983-03-25 1984-09-27 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Flexibles heizelement in bandform, das aus elektrisch leitfaehigen koernchen aus ptc-material und einem organischen isolierenden kunststoff als bindemittel besteht, und verfahren zur herstellung des flexiblen heizelementes

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0231913A2 (fr) * 1986-02-03 1987-08-12 Buchtal Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Revêtement pour recouvrements de mur, plafond ou sol
EP0231913A3 (en) * 1986-02-03 1988-03-23 Buchtal Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Coating for wall, ceiling or floor coverings
US4839500A (en) * 1986-02-03 1989-06-13 Buchtal Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Covering for wall, ceiling or floor linings
USRE33529E (en) * 1986-02-03 1991-01-29 Buchtal Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Covering for wall, ceiling or floor linings
DE3827825A1 (de) * 1988-08-16 1990-02-22 Buchtal Gmbh Flaechiges keramisches verbundelement
EP0357945A1 (fr) * 1988-08-16 1990-03-14 Buchtal Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Elément composite céramique plan
US4964013A (en) * 1988-09-28 1990-10-16 Kitagawa Industries Co., Ltd. Electric noise absorber
US7090744B2 (en) * 1996-08-23 2006-08-15 Weyerhaeuser Company Process for making composition for conversion to lyocell fiber from sawdust
WO2004105440A3 (fr) * 2003-05-16 2006-03-23 Braincom Ag Dispositif de chauffage et son procede de production, et objet chauffable et son procede de production

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK93885A (da) 1985-08-30
DK162559B (da) 1991-11-11
DK93885D0 (da) 1985-02-28
FI850820A0 (fi) 1985-02-28
FI83720B (fi) 1991-04-30
DK162559C (da) 1992-04-06
EP0157179B1 (fr) 1989-11-08
FI850820L (fi) 1985-08-30
FI83720C (fi) 1991-08-12
NO850815L (no) 1985-08-30

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