EP0295685B1 - Dispositif de fixation de rails de chemin de fer sur voie rigide - Google Patents

Dispositif de fixation de rails de chemin de fer sur voie rigide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0295685B1
EP0295685B1 EP88109656A EP88109656A EP0295685B1 EP 0295685 B1 EP0295685 B1 EP 0295685B1 EP 88109656 A EP88109656 A EP 88109656A EP 88109656 A EP88109656 A EP 88109656A EP 0295685 B1 EP0295685 B1 EP 0295685B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rail
plate
tie
guide plate
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88109656A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0295685A1 (fr
Inventor
Günter Oberweiler
Johann Werner Spiess
Udo Wirthwein
Friedheim Weber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vossloh Werke GmbH
Original Assignee
Vossloh Werke GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vossloh Werke GmbH filed Critical Vossloh Werke GmbH
Priority to AT88109656T priority Critical patent/ATE58926T1/de
Publication of EP0295685A1 publication Critical patent/EP0295685A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0295685B1 publication Critical patent/EP0295685B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/02—Fastening rails, tie-plates, or chairs directly on sleepers or foundations; Means therefor
    • E01B9/28—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members
    • E01B9/30—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members by resilient steel clips
    • E01B9/303—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members by resilient steel clips the clip being a shaped bar
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • E01B9/685—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by their shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • E01B9/681—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by the material
    • E01B9/683—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by the material layered or composite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for fastening railroad tracks to a solid carriageway comprising supports, i.e. a rail fastening for ballastless superstructure.
  • the superstructure on a solid carriageway is becoming increasingly important with the increase in axle loads and the increase in top speeds. It is essential for the superstructure on a solid roadway that the required track deflection is achieved by intermediate plates or intermediate layers made of elastic material arranged between the carrier and the rails.
  • a rail fastening which comprises plastic guide plates arranged laterally at the foot of the rail for lateral guidance of the rail.
  • a clamp that can be clamped with a screw is provided, which presses the guide plate on the one hand and the rail foot on the other hand to the carrier.
  • this known construction comprises an elastic intermediate plate which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rail wider than the foot of the rail, so that it projects on both sides below it.
  • the guide plates each have a receiving space which is open towards the foot of the rail and into which the elastic intermediate plate projects.
  • the elastic intermediate plate protrudes only slightly above the foot of the rail.
  • Another, already realized rail fastening of this type comprises a steel base plate, which is very wide with respect to the rail axis, on which the rail is fastened by two clamps acting on its foot, which are tensioned by hook screws with nuts.
  • the base plate itself, together with the elastic intermediate plate underneath, is held in a correspondingly wide V-shaped trough of the concrete beam by angular guide plates arranged on both sides, each of which has an inclined surface on its end facing away from the rail, which is on the corresponding inclined surface of the wearer.
  • the angle guide plate and the base plate are each clamped with an elastic clamp, which on the one hand acts on the base plate and on the other hand presses down the angle guide plate.
  • the respective clamp of the angle guide plates is pre-tensioned by a screw in such a way that the resulting force from the horizontal force transmitted from the rail to the base plate and from there to the angle guide plate during driving and the screw tightening force is directed against the inside of the carrier via the inclined surfaces of the angle guide plate and carrier is.
  • the rail fastening described is known under the name loarv 180, while the angle guide plates used are the subject of DE-B 1 257 817 (US-A 3 428 253).
  • the clamps used are essentially W-shaped. The basic embodiment of these clamps is the subject of DE-B 1 261 151.
  • the known rail fastening has three tolerance levels, namely the contact surfaces between the carrier and the angle guide plate on the one hand and between the angle guide plate and the rib plate on the other hand and the clamp fastening between the rail and the rib plate. This does not mean that the necessary accuracy of the rail position can be impaired. Furthermore, it was found that the bedding resistance required for the signal-audio frequency circuit is difficult to achieve. Finally, this rail fastening is relatively complex due to the use of four clamps per fastening point.
  • This rail fastening also has three tolerance levels, namely the contact surfaces between the ribbed wedge and the beam on the one hand and between the ribbed wedge and the ribbed plate on the other hand, and between the rail and the ribbed plate. Since the ribbed wedges are only held down on the carrier, but are not fixed in their position, it is not excluded when tightening the screws that the ribbed wedges twist about the horizontal axis, with the result that the inaccuracies on one side of the ribbed plate move Can add rail.
  • the design of the middle loops of the clamps used gives the possibility of a relative movement between the screw head and the clamp in the direction of the rail, the shaft of the screws being able to bend.
  • This rail fastening also for firm carriageway, comprises a base plate resting on the concrete beam, on which the rail is supported with the interposition of an elastic intermediate layer.
  • a guide plate is arranged on both sides of the rail, which engages with a projection in a corresponding recess in the base plate with respect to the horizontal.
  • Rail base and guide plates are pressed onto the base plate by a clamp, which is pre-tensioned by a screw.
  • angle guide plates according to DE-B 1 257 817 have proven themselves over a long period of time in ballast superstructure using concrete sleepers.
  • the advantage of this rail fastening is that between the concrete sleeper and the rail only one component is provided on each side for transferring the horizontal forces, namely the so-called angle guide plate, with the help of which the said horizontal forces are safely derived into the concrete of the sleeper.
  • the guide plate has a support element in the region of the rail foot-side opening of the receiving space which rests on the carrier and via which the force of the clamp is at least substantially removed from the guide plate on the carrier.
  • the rail fastening according to the invention allows a sufficiently large dimensioning of the elastic intermediate plate, so that a high moment of resistance against horizontal forces is achieved.
  • the possibility of the sufficiently large dimensioning of the elastic intermediate plate is made possible according to the invention in that appropriately modified guide plates are used which have an open receiving space into which the elastic intermediate plate can protrude.
  • this configuration of the guide plates essentially exerts the forces exerted by the clamp on the guide plate from the latter directly onto the carrier, so that the elastic intermediate plate does not experience any uneven prestressing due to these forces, which in the known arrangements lead to a differently large deflection the elastic intermediate plate and thus led to rail inclination errors. Rather, an exact rail inclination is ensured in the concept according to the invention.
  • the rail fastening according to the invention can be produced inexpensively because it needs only a few components, in particular measured on the rail fastening loarv 180.
  • the absorption of the horizontal forces is avoided while avoiding rail inclination errors in that a rigid pressure distribution plate is arranged between the foot of the rail and the elastic intermediate plate.
  • a rigid pressure distribution plate is arranged between the foot of the rail and the elastic intermediate plate.
  • the pressure distribution plate is flat and therefore simple and can be produced inexpensively in rolled steel, while in the known rail fastenings relatively expensive rib plates, which are preferably produced in the forging process, are used.
  • Another proposal of the invention is that the length and / or the width of the pressure distribution plate are larger than the corresponding dimensions of the elastic intermediate plate. This avoids that when the elastic intermediate plate is deformed, it protrudes beyond the pressure distribution plate and is therefore subject to increased wear.
  • This intermediate layer can e.g. be electrically insulating.
  • a further proposal for the configuration of the guide plates used according to the invention is that a contact surface for the shaft of the screw is provided in these at least on the rail side. This effectively counteracts bending of the shaft of the terminal screws.
  • This contact surface can be made without increasing the cost of the guide plates due to the corresponding design of the injection molding tool for the production of the guide plates from plastic will. This is achieved in a particularly simple manner when the contact surface for the shaft of the screw is formed on the support element.
  • the receiving space provided in the guide plate is formed by a U-profile that is open towards the support and that the clear height of this receiving space is greater than the total thickness of the elastic intermediate plate and rigid pressure distribution plate.
  • the elastic intermediate plate has sufficient freedom of movement in the vertical direction with respect to the guide plates.
  • the pressure distribution plate or the intermediate plate has an elongated hole running perpendicular to the rail axis for the passage of the screw. This measure makes it easy to maintain the appropriate dimensions and also enables the rail fastening to be installed without problems.
  • the guide plate has an inclined surface at its end facing away from the rail, which comes to rest on a corresponding inclined surface of the carrier.
  • the proven concept according to DE patent 1 257 817 for the superstructure on a solid carriageway is thus also taken up for ballast-free rail fastening.
  • this clamp has essentially a W-shape, the middle loop partially encompasses the shaft of the screw and comes to rest on the guide plate in the region of its support element. According to its basic concept, this clamp is the subject of DE patent 1 261 151.
  • 1 and 2 show a symmetrically designed device for fastening a rail 1 of a pair of rails forming a railroad track. Through this, the rail 1 is clamped with its foot 2 on both sides on a threshold 3 forming the support. 1 shows the rail fastening in the left half in the final assembled, i.e. tensioned state in vertical section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rail, in the right half in the pre-assembled, i.e. not yet tensioned state in the view.
  • the threshold 3 which is preferably made of concrete, has an elongated depression 4, which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the threshold, in the area in which a rail 1 is received. It comprises a flat receiving surface 5 and at its ends two bead-shaped recesses 6, 7 which merge into inclined surfaces 8, 9.
  • the threshold 3 receives in its end regions of its recess 4 lying transversely to the rail 1 a so-called angle guide plate 10, 11, each of which has a cross-sectional profile 12, 13 on its end parts facing away from the rail 1, which has the bead-shaped recesses 6, 7 and the inclined surfaces 8, 9 in the threshold 3 is adapted. They are therefore in part on the surfaces of the recesses 6, 7 and the inclined surfaces 8, 9 and thus bind into the threshold 3.
  • the angle guide plates 10, 11 each have a U-profile 14, 15 towards the rail 1, seen in vertical section parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rail, which is open towards the threshold 3 and whose legs rest on the receiving surface 5 within the recess 4 of the threshold 3 . This forms 3 pocket-like receiving spaces 16, 17 between the inner surface of the U-profiles 14, 15 and the receiving surface 5 of the threshold.
  • the angle guide plates 10, 11 comprise end faces 18, 19 oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rail, which form guides for the rail foot 2 with respect to horizontal forces.
  • angle guide plates 10, 11 each have on their upper surface a rib 20 or 21 running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rail and two correspondingly oriented beads 22, 23 or 24, 25.
  • the angle guide plates 10, 11 are provided in the area of the receiving spaces 16, 17 with bores 26, 27, through which sleeper screws 28 extend. These each have a square head 29, a plate 30, a shaft 31 and a threaded part 32 which is screwed into a dowel 33 inserted into the sleeper 3 below the respective angle guide plate.
  • the angle guide plates 10, 11 also each include a support element 48, 49, which is arranged in the region of the opening on the rail foot side of the receiving space 16, 17 and via which the angle guide plate 10, 11 is additionally supported on the receiving surface 5 of the threshold 3.
  • the rail 1 is inserted with its foot 2 between the end faces 18, 19 of the angle guide plates 10, 11.
  • the rail foot 2 rests on a plate and layer package, which consists of an elastic intermediate plate 34 resting on the concrete of the sleeper receiving surface 5, a rigid pressure distribution plate 35 and egg ner non-elastic, but insulating plastic intermediate layer 36.
  • the intermediate plate 34 and the pressure distribution plate 35 of this package extend in the direction of the longitudinal axis on both sides beyond the width of the rail foot 2 and engage with their end parts in the receiving spaces 16, 17 of the angle guide plates 10, 11, on the longitudinal walls of which they bear in a form-fitting manner.
  • the clear height of the receiving spaces 16, 17 is dimensioned greater than the total thickness of the intermediate plate 34 and pressure distribution plate 35.
  • the intermediate plate 34 and the pressure distribution plate 35 each have an elongated hole 37 oriented in the longitudinal axis of the threshold.
  • a tensioning clamp 38 each.
  • This is made of steel bar with a round cross-section in a W-shape and comprises a center loop 39 wrapping around the shaft 31 of the sleeper screw 28 and freely running legs 40, 41 which are convexly curved upwards are and the ends of which are bent towards one another so that they point coaxially to one another.
  • Flats 42, 43 are provided on the center loop 39, which cooperate in the tensioned state with the underside of the plate 30 of the sleeper screws 28.
  • the tensioning clamp 38 assumes the position that is given during the final assembly of the rail 1 on the threshold 3.
  • the clamp presses with its legs 40, 41 onto the foot 2 of the rail 1, while it presses down the angle guide plate 10, 11 with its bends 44 lying between these legs 40, 41 and the center loop 39.
  • its bends 44 lie in the beads 23, 24 of the angle guide plate 10.
  • the angle guide plate 10, 11 has one in the area of this center loop 39 the congruent bead 45 in the area of the rib 20, 21.
  • the mentioned support element 48, 49 is arranged below the area in which the center loop 39 of the tensioning clamp 38 presses on the angle guide plate 10 or 11, the mentioned support element 48, 49 is arranged. In this way, the force acting on the angle guide plate 10, 11 of the tensioning clamp 38 is essentially transferred to the threshold without the elastic intermediate plate 34 experiencing an uneven deflection which can lead to the rail inclination error already mentioned.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 shows the tension clamp in position 38 ', ie the pre-assembly position. There it is rotated by 180 ° with respect to the mounting position, so that it rests on the one hand on the angle guide plate 10, 11 and on the other hand on an area of the threshold 3 facing away from the rail.
  • its bends 44 lie between the rib 21 and opposing lugs 46.
  • the sleepers For laying a pair of rails, the sleepers, which are equipped in the same way in the manner of the sleeper 3 shown in the figures, are supplied by the sleeper unit in such a way that all tensioning clamps 38 on the right-hand side show the position 38 'shown in the right half of FIGS. 1 and 2 and one on the left-hand side take a mirror-image position.
  • the threshold screws 28 are only tightened so far that their plates 30 come to rest against the center loop 39 of the tension clamps 38 and thus the angle guide plates 10, 11 and the intermediate plates 34 and the pressure distribution plates 35 and the clamps 38 on the respective threshold 3 during their Transport and their laying on the track surface are captively secured.
  • the tension clamps 38 are rotated by 180 ° around the shaft 31 of the respective sleeper screw 28 , for example, until the tensioning clamp 38 shown in the right half in the preassembled state in FIGS. 1 and 2 is transferred from its position 38 'into a position which is a mirror image of the position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in the left half in the finally assembled state Clamp 38 is.
  • the sleeper screws 28 are then tightened until the center loops 39 of the tension clamps 38, which are gripped by the plates 30 on the flats 42, 43, are pressed with their apex onto the ribs 20 and 21 of the angle guide plates 10 and 11, respectively.
  • the angle guide plates 10, 11 are held down and fixed on the sleeper 3 and the foot 2 of the rail 1 is clamped onto the sleeper 3 via the plate assembly 34, 35, 36.
  • the elastic intermediate plate in the longitudinal axis of the threshold is extended far beyond the width of the rail base, as a result of which it causes a large section modulus in relation to the horizontal forces exerted on the rail, which would otherwise allow the rail to tilt inadmissibly.
  • the pressure distribution plate 35 also makes a particular contribution to this. This is in contrast to the ribbed plates, they are flat and can therefore be easily manufactured in rolled steel.
  • the horizontal forces which are exerted on the rail 1 transversely to its longitudinal axis are transmitted from the angle guide plates 10, 11 to the inclined surfaces 8, 9 of the sleeper 3 and are diverted into the concrete of the sleeper.
  • the engagement of the angle guide plates 10, 11 in the beads 6, 7 of the sleeper 3 also causes them to be secured against rotation when tensioned on the sleeper 3.
  • Between the foot 2 of the rail 1 and the inclined surfaces 8, 9 of the sleeper 3, which absorb the horizontal forces with the angle guide plate 10, 11 only one component is required per rail side, which makes the construction simple and inexpensive and reduces the tolerances.
  • the shaft 31 of the sleeper screws 28 is guided exactly when they are turned through the bores 26 and 27 of the angle guide plates 10, 11, thereby preventing the sleeper screws from bending when the rail 1 is tensioned on the sleeper 3. This is particularly due to the fact that the surface of the support element 48, 49 of the angle guide plate 10, 11 facing away from the rail forms a contact surface 47 for the shaft 31 of the sleeper screw 28.
  • the rail fastening according to the invention can furthermore only be used in connection with sleepers which form the supports, but can also be used on appropriately designed support plates.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Dispositif de fixation de rails de chemin de fer (1) sur une voie rigide comprenant des supports (3), dans lequel:
a) pour chaque point de fixation il est prévu deux plaques de guidage (10, 11), disposées des deux côtés de la semelle (2) du rail (1) en vue de son guidage latéral;
b) pour chaque plaque de guidage (10, 11) il est prévu une cale (38) pouvant être serrée par une vis (28), qui presse d'un côté la plaque de guidage (10, 11) et de l'autre côté la semelle (2) du rail (1) su le support (3);
c) au moins une plaque intermédiaire élastique (34) est disposée entre la semelle (2) du rail (1) et le support (3);
d) la plaque intermédiaire élastique (34) est plus large que la semelle (2) du rail (1), perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal du rail, et elle fait saillie de manière correspondante des deux côté sous la semelle;
e) les plaques de guidage (10, 11) présentent cha- qu'une un espace de réception (16, 17), ouvert en direction de la semelle du rail, dans lequel pénètre la plaque intermédiaire élastique (34); caractérisé en ce que
f) la plaque de guidage (10, 11) présente, dans la zone de l'ouverture, de l'espace de réception (16, 17), du côté de la semelle du rail, un élément d'appui (48, 49),
g) qui appuie sur le support (3) et par l'intermédiaire duquel la force de la cale (38) provenant au moins sensiblement de la plaque de guidage (10, 11) est appliquée sur le support (3).
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'une plaque de répartition de la pression (35) rigide est disposée entre la semelle (2) du rail (1) et la plaque intermédiaire élastique (34).
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la longueur et/ou la largeur de la plaque de répartition de la pression (35) sont, ou est, supérieure(s) aux dimensions correspondantes de la plaque intermédiaire élastique (34).
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une autre couche intermédiaire (36), dont la largeur correspond sensiblement à la largeur de la semelle du rail, est disposée entre la semelle (2) du rail (1) et la plaque de répartition de la pression (35).
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins du côté du rail, une surface d'appui (47) est prévue dans la plaque de guidage (10, 11), pour la tige (31) de la vis (28).
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la surface d'appui (47) pour la tige (31) de la vis (28) est réalisée sur l'élément d'appui (48, 49).
7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'espace de réception (16, 17) qui est prévu dans la plaque de guidage (10, 11) est formé par un profilé en U (14, 15) ouvert en direction du support (3) et que la hauteur libre de cet espace de réception (16, 17) est supérieure à l'épaisseur totale de la plaque intermédiaire élastique (34) et de la plaque de répartition de la pression (35) rigide.
8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de répartition de la pression (35), respectivement la plaque intermédiaire (34), comporte un trou allongé (37) s'étendant perpendiculairement par rapport à l'axe du rail, pour le passage de la vis et de l'élément d'appui de la plaque de guidage.
9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de guidage (10, 11) présente sur son extrémité en regard du rail une face inclinée (12, 13) qui vient en appui sur une face inclinée (8, 9) correspondante du support (3).
10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de guidage comporte une saillie s'étendant parallèlement à l'axe du rail, qui se loge dans un évidement (6, 7) correspondant situé dans le support (3).
11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la cale (38) présente sensiblement une forme en W, dont la bouche centrale (39) entoure partiellement la tige de la vis, et qui vient en appui sur la plaque de guidage (10, 11), dans la zone de son élément d'appui (48, 49).
EP88109656A 1987-06-19 1988-06-16 Dispositif de fixation de rails de chemin de fer sur voie rigide Expired - Lifetime EP0295685B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88109656T ATE58926T1 (de) 1987-06-19 1988-06-16 Vorrichtung zur befestigung von eisenbahnschienen auf fester fahrbahn.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873720381 DE3720381A1 (de) 1987-06-19 1987-06-19 Vorrichtung zur befestigung von eisenbahnschienen auf fester fahrbahn
DE3720381 1987-06-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0295685A1 EP0295685A1 (fr) 1988-12-21
EP0295685B1 true EP0295685B1 (fr) 1990-12-05

Family

ID=6329966

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88109656A Expired - Lifetime EP0295685B1 (fr) 1987-06-19 1988-06-16 Dispositif de fixation de rails de chemin de fer sur voie rigide

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4907740A (fr)
EP (1) EP0295685B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE58926T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1331593C (fr)
DE (2) DE3720381A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2018868B3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3001168T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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CN102089478B (zh) * 2008-07-09 2014-02-19 沃斯洛工厂有限公司 角形导向板及用于紧固轨道的系统

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DE3720381A1 (de) 1989-01-05
ATE58926T1 (de) 1990-12-15
US4907740A (en) 1990-03-13
DE3861213D1 (de) 1991-01-17
GR3001168T3 (en) 1992-06-30
EP0295685A1 (fr) 1988-12-21
CA1331593C (fr) 1994-08-23
ES2018868B3 (es) 1991-05-16

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