EP0279042B2 - Vorrichtung zum Schonen von Relaiskontakten - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Schonen von Relaiskontakten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0279042B2
EP0279042B2 EP19870117879 EP87117879A EP0279042B2 EP 0279042 B2 EP0279042 B2 EP 0279042B2 EP 19870117879 EP19870117879 EP 19870117879 EP 87117879 A EP87117879 A EP 87117879A EP 0279042 B2 EP0279042 B2 EP 0279042B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
switching device
glow plug
switched
semiconductor module
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19870117879
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0279042B1 (de
EP0279042A1 (de
Inventor
Hans-Joachim Dipl.-Ing. Thiemann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hella GmbH and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Hella KGaA Huek and Co
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Hella KGaA Huek and Co filed Critical Hella KGaA Huek and Co
Publication of EP0279042A1 publication Critical patent/EP0279042A1/de
Publication of EP0279042B1 publication Critical patent/EP0279042B1/de
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Publication of EP0279042B2 publication Critical patent/EP0279042B2/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02N19/02—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
    • F02N19/04—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F02P19/021—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs characterised by power delivery controls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F02P19/021—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs characterised by power delivery controls
    • F02P19/022—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs characterised by power delivery controls using intermittent current supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means

Definitions

  • Glow plug device for self-igniting internal combustion engines, in particular in motor vehicles
  • the invention relates to a preheating device for self-igniting internal combustion engines, in particular in motor vehicles, with a power source, with a glow plug, with a first switching device for connecting the glow plug to the power source via a resistor, with a second switching device, which is designed as a relay, for direct connection the glow plug with the current source and with a time switching device by means of which the first switching device can be switched on before the second switching device.
  • Such preheating devices are used for heating glow plugs via a heating current, in particular from the starter battery of motor vehicles.
  • the glow plugs promote the ignition of the diesel fuel injected into the cold self-igniting internal combustion engine.
  • the heating current can reach orders of magnitude up to 300 amperes and larger.
  • Such a preheating device is known from DE-OS 29 07 772, in which to protect relay contacts and glow plugs, the glow plugs as electrical consumers during a first heating period via a first switching device which is designed as a relay and connected to the power source via a series resistor and thereby be supplied with a correspondingly low heating current. Only after a predetermined period of time of a few seconds to a few minutes is the glow plug directly connected to the power source via a second switching device.
  • the known device has disadvantages.
  • the glow plugs By supplying the glow plugs with a low heating current during a first heating period, the glow plugs heat up more slowly than with preheating devices which take the measures of not have known device. This means that the waiting time of the machine operator until the self-igniting internal combustion engine can be started increases noticeably compared to preheating devices that have no means to protect relay contacts. This leads to a loss of comfort when operating the self-igniting internal combustion engine.
  • the series resistor is additionally required in the known device.
  • Such a series resistor with a correspondingly high load capacity is expensive to procure and takes up space, eg. B. in the engine compartment of motor vehicles. This means that the previously known device can only be produced in a complex and expensive manner.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a preheating device which is simpler and less expensive to produce than the prior art, which, while protecting relay contacts, enables the electrical consumer to be supplied with the full supply voltage and which provides for monitoring the circuit for short circuit and power interruption.
  • the first switching device is a semiconductor component, that the resistance is the internal resistance of the switching path of the semiconductor component, that a monitoring device is provided which measures the voltage drop across the internal resistance of the switching path of the semiconductor component and with compares predetermined threshold values when the first switching device is switched on and the second switching device is switched off, that the monitoring device switches off the switching devices when the value falls below a first threshold value and / or delivers a first error signal for a first display device and / or that the monitoring device when monitoring a second threshold value switches off the switching devices and / or supplies a second spring signal to a second display device.
  • the first switching device as a semiconductor component, unlike in the prior art, it is not possible for relay contacts of a first switching device to be overloaded because there are no relay contacts.
  • the internal resistance of the switching path of the semiconductor component is small compared to the series resistance of the previously known device, so that the time until the glow plug heats up can be significantly reduced compared to the prior art.
  • no additional expensive and space-consuming series resistor is required.
  • the device according to the invention also has the advantage that the first period, during which the first switching device is switched on and the second switching device is still switched off, can be reduced to times of the order of 1 ms, inter alia, due to the shorter switching times of the semiconductor component.
  • the result of this is that z. B. the time to complete heating of the glow plug can be shortened compared to the prior art and essentially corresponds to the time period with constant direct feeding of the glow plug from the power source.
  • a monitoring device which the voltage drop across the internal resistance of the switching path of the Semiconductor component measures and compares with predetermined threshold values when the first switching device is switched on and the second switching device is switched off, the monitoring device switching off the switching devices when the value falls below a first threshold value and / or supplying a first error signal to a first display device and / or the monitoring device when Exceeding a second threshold value, the switching device switches off and / or supplies a second error signal to a second display device, the heating circuit can be checked for short circuits and circuit interruptions. Due to the short switching times of the semiconductor component, a short first period of approximately 1 ms is also sufficient for this circuit monitoring.
  • a semiconductor device can use a bipolar transistor.
  • It can also be a MOS-FET with an integrated monitoring device, such as that used for Is currently freely available, so that the additional effort for the construction of the monitoring device is low.
  • the time switch device and / or the monitoring device can be designed as part of a microcomputer.
  • the time switching device in such a way that it switches the switching devices on and off periodically, in particular at a constant frequency and depending on the supply voltage and the glow plug temperature of variable switch-on time, because this measure compensates for supply voltage fluctuations and controls the glow plug temperature Changing the switch-on times of the first and second switching device is possible.
  • the advantages of the preheating device according to the invention become particularly clear because the frequent switching on and off of the first and second switching devices with frequencies of z. B. 2 Hz, the load on the relay contacts is particularly high.
  • the relay contacts can have burned down after only about 8 months of operation of a motor vehicle with a self-igniting internal combustion engine and over 2 million actuations of the relay contacts, so that attempts to start the internal combustion engine are no longer possible, as tests have shown.
  • the glow plug circuit is a current source (B), which can be designed as a motor vehicle battery, a glow plug (VS), which can be designed as the first catch of a glow plug of a motor vehicle, an electrical consumer (V), which is designed as a glow plug and a first switching device, which is designed as a semiconductor component (HL), in particular as a MOS-FET, and a second switching device, which is designed as a relay contact set (RK) of an electromagnetic relay.
  • the semiconductor component (HL) and the relay contact set (RK) are connected in parallel in the glow plug circuit.
  • the semiconductor component (HL) and the electromagnetic relay (RK, RS) can be switched on and off by a time switch, which is designed as part of a microcomputer (MC).
  • the microcomputer (MC) is connected in a known manner to the current source (B) for the power supply.
  • an NPN driver transistor (TR1) is provided, the base of which can be controlled by the output signal of the microcomputer (MC) and whose emitter is connected to the negative pole of the current source (B) and its Collector is connected to the positive pole of the power source (B) via the electromagnetic relay coil (RS).
  • the semiconductor switch (HL) can also be controlled by the microcomputer (MC) via a voltage doubler circuit (SPV).
  • the voltage doubler circuit (SPV) is required because an N-channel MOS-FET is used here as the semiconductor component and the potential at the gate input (G) must always be greater than the potential at the SOURCE- to control the MOS-FET. Port (S).
  • the first Zener diode (Z1) and the second Zener diode (Z2) also serve to protect the MOS-FET (HL) and the NPN transistor (TR1).
  • the first Zener diode (Z1) protects the NPN transistor (TR1) against overvoltage and is reverse polarity protection.
  • the second Zener diode (Z2) serves to limit the voltage at the GATE input compared to the voltage at the SOURCE connection of the MOS-FET (HL). This voltage difference must not exceed a value specified by the design of the MOS-FET.
  • the SOURCE connection of the MOS-FET (HL) is thus via the glow plug (V) with the negative coil of the current source (B) and via the DRAIN connection (D) and the preheat switch (VS) with the positive pole of the current source (B) conductively connected.
  • the potential or the voltage drop (UDS) on the switching path of the MOS-FET (HL) is tapped between the SOURCE connection (S) and the DRAIN connection (D) and fed to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which, however, is also used as Comparator can be formed.
  • the output signal of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is fed to the microcomputer (MC) to determine contact actuation, line interruptions and short circuits.
  • the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is part of a monitoring device, the other part of which is formed in the microcomputer (MC).
  • the monitoring device compares the voltage drop (UDS) across the internal resistance of the switching path of the semiconductor component (HL) with predetermined threshold values when the first switching device, i.e. the MOS-FET (HL), is switched on and the second switching device, i.e. the electromagnetic relay, is switched off . If the voltage drop (UDS) falls below a first threshold value, the monitoring device switches off the first switching device (HL) and prevents the second switching device (RK) from being switched on and outputs a first error signal to a first display device (FL1), which is shown in FIG simple indicator lamp is shown.
  • the monitoring device switches the first switching device (HL) off and prevents the second switching device (RK) from being switched on, and a second error signal is delivered to a second display device (FL2), which is also in 1 as a simple indicator lamp is shown.
  • the error signals can also be used to control other devices on the self-igniting internal combustion engine or the motor vehicle.
  • the preheat switch (VS) is in the open position shown in FIG. 1. Then the entire preheating device according to the invention is de-energized and no potential differences can be measured. If the preheating switch (VS) is now closed, the first switching device (HL) and the second switching device (RK) remain open from this point in time, which is marked with the time zero in FIG. 2, until the point in time (T1) Position so that no current can flow through the glow plug (V). A potential is then measured at the switching path of the semiconductor switch as a voltage drop (UDS) that corresponds to the battery voltage (UB) of the current source (B).
  • UDS voltage drop
  • the semiconductor switch (HL) is now switched on at time (T1), the current flow from the positive pole of the battery via the glow plug (VS), the switching path of the semiconductor switch (HL) and the glow plug (V) to the negative pole of the current source (B) is made possible .
  • the glow plug (V) is in an electrically perfect condition, a small amount (U1) of the total voltage applied drops across the switching path of the semiconductor switch (HL). This voltage drop (U1) can be measured over the entire period (T), which extends from T1 to T2 and in which the semiconductor switch (HL) is switched on and the second switching device (RK) is switched off.
  • This voltage drop (U1) is measured by the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and passed on in a converted form to the microcomputer (MC).
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • the second switching device (RK) is additionally switched on at the time (T2) after the time period (T) has elapsed, then because of the low contact resistance between the Relay contacts (RK) only a negligible voltage drop (UDS) on the switching path of the semiconductor switch (HL) can be measured.
  • the second switching device (RK) is opened so that the current flows again over the switching path of the semiconductor component (HL).
  • a voltage amount (U1) drops across the switching path of the semiconductor component (HL).
  • the glow plug (V) is not in perfect condition, this can be detected by the monitoring device during the period (T). If the glow plug (V) had a short circuit, the entire voltage (UB) at the switching path of the semiconductor component (HL) would drop during the period (T). This means that the measured voltage drop (UDS) would be above the first threshold value (US1) shown in FIG. 2. This increased voltage drop would be recognized by the monitoring device and a first error signal delivered to the first display device (FL1). At the same time, the semiconductor switch (HL) is then switched off in order to prevent the semiconductor components (HL) from being overloaded.
  • the preheating device not only protects the relay contacts (RK) easily and inexpensively, but also enables the glow plug circuit to be monitored for short circuits and line interruptions in a simple manner.
  • the glow plug (V) can advantageously be switched on and off periodically by the preheating device according to the invention.
  • This has the advantage that Supply voltage fluctuations and the glow plug temperature can be changed by changing the switch-on times. It is particularly advantageous to carry out this periodic switch-on and switch-off with a constant switch-on time and a switch-off time that is variable depending on the supply voltage and the glow plug temperature, because the clock signal required for this can be provided in a simple manner by using the microcomputer (MC). This means that the switch-on and switch-off process shown in FIG. 2 would be repeated periodically.
  • the advantages of the preheating device according to the invention become particularly noticeable because the preheating device according to the invention means that the relay contacts (RK) are hardly noticeable.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Mechanisms For Operating Contacts (AREA)
EP19870117879 1987-01-23 1987-12-03 Vorrichtung zum Schonen von Relaiskontakten Expired - Lifetime EP0279042B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873701838 DE3701838A1 (de) 1987-01-23 1987-01-23 Vorrichtung zum schonen von relaiskontakten
DE3701838 1987-01-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0279042A1 EP0279042A1 (de) 1988-08-24
EP0279042B1 EP0279042B1 (de) 1991-08-07
EP0279042B2 true EP0279042B2 (de) 1994-05-25

Family

ID=6319328

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19870117879 Expired - Lifetime EP0279042B2 (de) 1987-01-23 1987-12-03 Vorrichtung zum Schonen von Relaiskontakten

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0279042B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3701838A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2024482T5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4012470A1 (de) * 1990-04-19 1991-10-24 Hella Kg Hueck & Co Einrichtung zum schonen von relaiskontakten
DE4244116C1 (de) * 1992-12-24 1994-03-24 Hella Kg Hueck & Co Verfahren zum Schützen von Relaiskontakten
DE4244119C1 (de) * 1992-12-24 1994-03-24 Hella Kg Hueck & Co Verfahren zum Schützen von Relaiskontakten
DE102005002490A1 (de) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-27 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Schließen und Öffnen eines Kraftfahrzeugbordnetzes

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3558910A (en) * 1968-07-19 1971-01-26 Motorola Inc Relay circuits employing a triac to prevent arcing
CA1132661A (en) * 1979-02-14 1982-09-28 Rodney Hayden Resistive device sensor
DE2907772A1 (de) * 1979-02-28 1980-09-11 Vdo Schindling Verfahren und schaltung zum vorgluehen eines dieselmotors
DE2935196A1 (de) * 1979-08-31 1981-03-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Sicherheitseinrichtung fuer elektrische verbraucher in kraftfahrzeugen
US4420784A (en) * 1981-12-04 1983-12-13 Eaton Corporation Hybrid D.C. power controller
JPS58189375U (ja) * 1982-06-14 1983-12-16 日産自動車株式会社 内燃機関のグロ−プラグ制御装置
DE3224587A1 (de) * 1982-07-01 1984-01-05 Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, 8000 München Schaltanordnung fuer gluehkerzen einer diesel-brennkraftmaschine
YU115584A (en) * 1984-07-02 1987-06-30 Iskra Sozd Elektro Indus Circuit for automatic controlled glowing device
DE3433367A1 (de) * 1984-09-12 1986-03-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Einrichtung zur steuerung der energiezufuhr zu einer heissen stelle
US4636907A (en) * 1985-07-11 1987-01-13 General Electric Company Arcless circuit interrupter
DE3608602A1 (de) * 1986-03-14 1987-09-17 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum ansteuern von gluehkerzen bei dieselmotoren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0279042B1 (de) 1991-08-07
EP0279042A1 (de) 1988-08-24
ES2024482T5 (es) 1995-08-16
DE3701838C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1991-08-14
ES2024482B3 (es) 1992-03-01
DE3701838A1 (de) 1988-08-04

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