EP0245623A2 - Machine à plier des tubes - Google Patents

Machine à plier des tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0245623A2
EP0245623A2 EP87104356A EP87104356A EP0245623A2 EP 0245623 A2 EP0245623 A2 EP 0245623A2 EP 87104356 A EP87104356 A EP 87104356A EP 87104356 A EP87104356 A EP 87104356A EP 0245623 A2 EP0245623 A2 EP 0245623A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clamping
bending
pipe
template
clamped
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87104356A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0245623B1 (fr
EP0245623A3 (en
Inventor
Rigobert Dipl.-Ing. Schwarze
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP92113248A priority Critical patent/EP0513864B1/fr
Publication of EP0245623A2 publication Critical patent/EP0245623A2/fr
Publication of EP0245623A3 publication Critical patent/EP0245623A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0245623B1 publication Critical patent/EP0245623B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
    • B21D7/02—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes over a stationary forming member; by use of a swinging forming member or abutment
    • B21D7/021—Construction of forming members having more than one groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
    • B21D7/02—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes over a stationary forming member; by use of a swinging forming member or abutment
    • B21D7/024—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes over a stationary forming member; by use of a swinging forming member or abutment by a swinging forming member

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pipe bending machine having a bending table pivotable about an axis, which has a bending template and a clamping jaw which is displaceable relative to the latter, and is provided with a displaceable feed carriage which has a rotatable clamping sleeve, the bending template and the clamping jaw having straight and curved sections for clamping the have adapted to each other bent pipe, each associated clamping body with clamping surfaces, which are each spatially separated and can be brought into the working position.
  • the bending template and the clamping jaw are each provided in one piece with these in addition to the continuous tube groove lying in the bending plane with a tube groove extending therefrom, there is no comprehensive full-surface clamping of the tube at this branch.
  • Such a junction of a straight groove and groove branched off from it is still possible in practice, provided that after the first bending, the tube is pivoted by about 90 ° in the bending plane for the subsequent bending.
  • the clamping surfaces of the grooves are so small that bending is not possible in practice because there is a slip that cannot be controlled and that does not permit precise bending.
  • the clamping surfaces that are too small then in many cases lead to damage to the pipe, such as indentation in connection with a reduction in cross section and scoring in the event of slippage.
  • the procedure is as follows: after the shaping of the first arch, the bending template is first determined in its position corresponding to the arch shape. The loose jaw is then moved back to its original position. Next, the bent end of the tube is pressed out radially to the template from the tube groove of the same under the action of force and, if possible, simultaneously pivoted into the new bending plane. If the locking device of the template is then released, it immediately returns to its starting position through the reverse rotation device. If the push-off device for the tube is then switched off, the tube either swivels automatically or under the action of the then loose clamping jaw until it rests against the template, whereby the pipe bend previously made is inserted into the branching groove template and the loose clamping jaw. So that the tube is clamped for the production of the next sheet, which is done in the usual way by rotating the template and the loose jaw.
  • DE-AS 27 11 340 shows a device for cold bending of strand material, such as pipes, rods or profiles, with a bending molding which can be rotated about an axis and which has a circumferential groove for receiving the strand material, and with a with the bend molding also rotated clamping device, which has a clamping jaw arranged on the bend molding and a counter-jaw, wherein the jaws and counter-jaws each have a groove which complement each other to form a receiving channel for the strand material.
  • strand material such as pipes, rods or profiles
  • the bending fitting may have further circumferential grooves, that both the clamping jaw and the counter-clamping jaw have further different grooves associated with the same circumferential groove of the bending molding, and that the clamping jaw and the counter-clamping jaw on the one hand and the bending fitting on the other hand for changing the receiving channel in the direction of Axis of the bending molding are adjustable relative to each other.
  • the section of the tube to be clamped in each case is to be Pinching over the entire surface, ie over its entire circumference, is to be encompassed.
  • This is necessary with the different spatial shapes that the section of a pipe to be clamped has, for example with regard to whether a widened or non-widened end of a pipe is to be clamped in or depending on the previous bend of a pipe section of many different clamping bodies with a clamping surface assigned to each clamping body.
  • the aforementioned prior art specifies various solutions.
  • the clamping bodies on the bending template are arranged distributed over the circumference thereof, while they are rotatable on the clamping jaw and thus also arranged locally concentrated.
  • the clamping body arranged on the clamping jaw and the clamping body interacting with the bending template are a structural unit which is fastened to the clamping jaw carrier and is accordingly moved together.
  • the present invention is based on the object of creating a bending template with a clamping jaw fastened to this and a counter clamping jaw fastened to a clamping jaw carrier, which allow a large number of clamping surfaces of different spatial shapes with little construction effort or a few clamping jaws.
  • the task is for a pipe bending machine with a bending table pivotable about an axis, which has a bending template and a sliding jaw that is displaceable relative to the latter, and is provided with a sliding feed carriage that has a rotatable clamping sleeve, the bending template and the clamping jaw having straight and curved sections for clamping the according to the invention proposed that one clamp body has a clamp surface that has several different contours of the pipe section to be clamped, while the clamp surface assigned during operation of the other clamping body has only one clamping surface corresponding to the contour of the pipe section to be clamped and thus covers the entire pipe section to be clamped on the assigned side over an angular amount of 180 °.
  • the one clamping jaw has a clamping surface in the form of a half-shell, which is half-shell-shaped over its entire length, so that it encompasses the tube section in contact over the length of the clamping by an angular amount of 180 °, while the opposite jaw has several clamping surfaces of different spatial shapes has, which in certain areas only partially encompass the section of the pipe to be clamped by 180 °, so that in other words there is no complete clamping.
  • the one clamping jaw with the several different clamping surfaces is fixed in place or can be in most cases and therefore does not need a drive.
  • the clamping body arranged on the clamping jaw is rotatably arranged and has a plurality of clamping surfaces distributed over its circumference, each individual clamping surface being only one of the contours of the pipe section to be clamped has a corresponding clamping surface and the bending template has a clamping body with a clamping surface which has several different contours of the pipe sections to be clamped.
  • This proposal has the advantage that the arrangement of several clamping surfaces of different design in a jaw or, if necessary, one above the other, which is axially displaceably arranged on the bending template, due to their local concentration at one point, the unimpeded bending of a pipe by an amount up to Allow 180 °. It is particularly advantageous to arrange two more than two different clamping surfaces in a clamping jaw on a clamping jaw arranged on the bending template.
  • the solution according to the invention makes it possible to arrange many different clamping surfaces on one clamping jaw. This then gives the further advantage that this clamping jaw arranged on the bending template can be screwed to the bending template, so that only the counter-jaw arranged on the clamping jaw carrier needs to be adjusted in terms of movement.
  • the clamping jaw attached to the bending template has several different clamping surfaces
  • this clamping jaw can also be axially movable on the bending template, but can also be screwed in place, in a further embodiment according to the invention enables a method for operating the pipe bending machine with clamping bodies in such a way that after the pipe has been bent by the set bending angle by rotating the bending template with the adjacent clamping jaw, the clamping jaw is released from the bending template and, when the tube feed is at a standstill, the bending template is rotated further by such an amount that the clamped section of the tube of the clamping surface is removed and the tube about its unbent longitudinal axis is unhindered by the clamping surface of the bending template is rotatable, which is the tube feed for the next and at the same time turning the bending template back to the starting position.
  • the bending template becomes wider by a certain amount after the bending has taken place rotated in order to achieve by this additional rotation that the clamping surface was removed from the bent pipe end.
  • the bent pipe end was previously removed from the bending template by the proviso that the pipe is advanced by a special input given in the existing bending template
  • This has the advantage that the control is simplified because after the pipe has been bent, its position remains and the bending template is rotated further beyond the extent necessary for the bending itself. This "further turning” takes place in one operation and, because this "further turning” does not result in a further bending of the tube, only requires the release of the counter clamping jaw.
  • the end result of the proposal according to the invention is that the sequence of movements is simplified and the accuracy of the bending is increased. If, according to the previous method for detaching the bent pipe section from the clamping surface of the clamping jaw located on the bending template, the pipe is moved further by an additional movement in its axial direction, then this must be closed Additional movement to disengage from the jaw in the control program must be taken into account so that the next bend takes place at the right place after a corresponding pipe feed. The feed rate for moving the bent pipe section out of the clamping jaw must therefore be taken into account.
  • Figure 1 shows a conventional pipe bending machine with a feed carriage 10, which is on one or more guide rails 11 on the top of the machine housing 12 can slide back and forth.
  • the feed carriage 10 has a hollow cylinder 13, in the interior of which there is a clamping sleeve 14, in which the end region of the pipe section or pipe 15 to be bent is clamped.
  • the pipe section 15 is guided around a pivotably mounted bending template 16 which has a groove 16 for the pipe which corresponds to the pipe radius.
  • a clamping jaw 19 is pressed by means of a clamping device 18, which also has a groove 19 corresponding to the pipe radius as clamping surface and clamps the pipe 15 on the bending template 16.
  • the bending template is provided with a releasably attached clamping jaw 25 arranged thereon.
  • a hydraulic cylinder 20 is shown as an example, which moves the clamping device 18 of the clamping jaw 19 towards the bending template 16 for clamping the tube or removes it from this template.
  • the bending template 16 is fixedly arranged on the bending table 21, while the clamping device 18 can be pushed back and forth in the indicated arrow direction 22 via the cylinder 20 shown as an example. If the bending template 16 is pivoted over the bending table 21 together with the clamping jaw 19 in the direction of the arrow 23, so the pipe section 15 receives a curvature which corresponds to the profile of the bending template 16. During this bending process, the end part of the pipe section 15 remains clamped in the clamping sleeve 14 of the feed carriage 10 in order to safely guide the pipe section in all positions.
  • a slide rail 24 is pressed onto this pipe section part, which also has a groove that corresponds to the pipe radius.
  • the clamping sleeve 14 of the feed carriage 10 not only clamps the pipe section 15 firmly, but also turns it by amounts of up to 360 ° if successive pipe bends are to be curved in different directions.
  • a hydraulic motor rotates a worm which interacts with a worm wheel (not shown) which is connected to the clamping sleeve 14.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exhaust pipe which can be produced with the bending machine and in which curved sections or pipe bends S 1 and S 2 as well as S 3 and S 4 are directly connected. There are also linear intermediate lengths L 1, L 2 and L 3, which, however, do not need to be present except for the length L 1.
  • the tube is provided with an expansion 26 at its front end.
  • Figure 3 shows that the jaw holder 18 is provided on both sides with cantilevers 27 and 27A, which protrude in the direction of the bending template 16 and at their front end via an axis of rotation 28 carry the counter jaw 19, which is designed as a rectangular body according to the embodiment and four clamping surfaces has, which are provided with semicircular depressions in cross section, which give the clamping surfaces 29, 30, 31 and 32. These clamping surfaces have different spatial shapes, but the common factor that they encompass the pipe section to be clamped in this in a semicircle over the entire clamping length.
  • the clamping jaw 25 arranged on the bending template 16 has three different circumferential grooves 31, 34 and 35, which are also shown in FIG. 4.
  • the clamping jaw 25 is fastened to the bending template 16 by means of screws, not shown in the drawing, i.e. that this is not slidably disposed relative to the bending template. This solution is particularly advantageous because it does not require any movement mechanisms.
  • FIG. 3 shows that the clamping jaw 25 is arranged on the bending template 16 opposite another clamping jaw 36 which has a clamping surface with different radii of its half-shells.
  • the part 37 with a larger radius of curvature and the part 38 with a smaller radius is ver see. This is done in order to clamp the widened end 26 in a pipe 15 according to FIG. 2 through the half-shell-shaped section 37 and the subsequent part with the radius of smaller cross section 38.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the clamping jaw 25 with the recesses 33, 34 and 35 arranged in it cannot grip around the tube section clamped in each case over half the circular area, but can only grip around incompletely in the areas in which the bends 34 and 35 intersect.
  • FIG. 5 shows that two clamping bodies 25 and 25a are arranged one above the other on the bending template 16, the clamping body 25 having three different clamping surfaces and the clamping body 25a having two different clamping surfaces.
  • the clamping bodies 25 and 25a are adjustable in the vertical direction by means of a hydraulic piston-cylinder arrangement in such a way that the cylinder 36 is arranged within the bending template 16 and the piston rod 37 protrudes upward, which has a cross member 38 which is connected to the jaws 25 and 25a.
  • the piston-cylinder arrangement can thus, as shown in FIG. 5, selectively act on the clamping jaws 25, but also by lowering the clamping jaws 25a.
  • the solution proposed in FIG. 5, shown on the bending template can also be present on the counter-jaw holder 18, with the proviso that, in contrast to FIG. 3, the clamping surfaces are not arranged on a body rotatable about a horizontal axis, but on a body that can be moved in the vertical plane.
  • the clamping surfaces arranged one above the other are not as favorable as the clamping surfaces arranged in different planes, which are shown in FIG. 3 and are rotatable about the axis of rotation 28. In some cases three surfaces, but also five or six surfaces are used.
  • FIG. 6 shows that the bending template 16, shown in the drawings FIG. 6B and FIG. 6C, has a clamping jaw 25 which has a uniform design of its clamping surface, which can also be seen in perspective from FIG. 6A with the proviso that one has a diameter there is an enlarged half-shell 39 and a half-shell 40 with a smaller diameter, for example with the tube end 26 with a larger diameter, with the connection Send part of the tube to clamp the usual diameter.
  • the counter clamping jaw 19 corresponding to FIG.
  • FIG. 6A thus shows a design in which the pipe section to be clamped is completely grasped over the angular amount of 180 ° over the length of the pipe section to be clamped in, while the clamping jaw 25 arranged on the bending template 16 likewise has a full surface after the training in FIG. 6C 6 shows an entrapment extending over an angular amount of 180 °, but FIG. 6B shows this full-area entrapment only by the true pipe diameter, but not in the clamping section 39.
  • FIG. 7 shows the counter clamping jaws 19 with the proviso that a plurality of clamping surfaces, in the present case two clamping surfaces, are also present on a clamping surface.
  • these are individually designed over their entire surface so that, according to the invention, they interact with a counter-clamping surface that does not cover the entire surface of the tube, i.e. with respect to the length of the counter-clamping surface. over an amount of 180 °, as can be seen, for example, from the node of the drawing in FIG.
  • the counter-clamping jaws 19 is displaceably mounted in the indicated double arrow direction 41.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
EP87104356A 1986-05-14 1987-03-24 Machine à plier des tubes Expired - Lifetime EP0245623B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP92113248A EP0513864B1 (fr) 1986-05-14 1987-03-24 Méthode d'utilisation d'une cintreuse de tubes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863616302 DE3616302A1 (de) 1986-05-14 1986-05-14 Rohrbiegemaschine
DE3616302 1986-05-14

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92113248.6 Division-Into 1992-08-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0245623A2 true EP0245623A2 (fr) 1987-11-19
EP0245623A3 EP0245623A3 (en) 1990-03-28
EP0245623B1 EP0245623B1 (fr) 1993-10-13

Family

ID=6300854

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87104356A Expired - Lifetime EP0245623B1 (fr) 1986-05-14 1987-03-24 Machine à plier des tubes
EP92113248A Expired - Lifetime EP0513864B1 (fr) 1986-05-14 1987-03-24 Méthode d'utilisation d'une cintreuse de tubes

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92113248A Expired - Lifetime EP0513864B1 (fr) 1986-05-14 1987-03-24 Méthode d'utilisation d'une cintreuse de tubes

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4888971A (fr)
EP (2) EP0245623B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1294196C (fr)
DE (3) DE3616302A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0319400A1 (fr) * 1987-12-02 1989-06-07 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation, "S.N.E.C.M.A." Outillage de cintrage de canalisations et procédé de fabrication d'une canalisation à embout soudé
CN104148463A (zh) * 2014-07-04 2014-11-19 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 空调器、空调器管路件及空调器管路件折弯方法

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3835173A1 (de) * 1988-10-15 1990-04-19 Pulzer Guenther F Verfahren und vorrichtung zum biegen von stangenfoermigen werkstuecken
US5353622A (en) * 1993-11-10 1994-10-11 Theener Ronald E Articulated three point pipe bending apparatus
DE19530805A1 (de) * 1995-08-22 1997-02-27 Schwarze Rigobert CNC-gesteuerte Rohrbiegemaschine
US5784913A (en) * 1995-10-06 1998-07-28 Pines Manufacturing Pressure die assist boost system for tube bending machine
US5918496A (en) * 1997-11-13 1999-07-06 Eagle Precision Technologies, Inc. Adjustable clamp die for tube bending machine
FR2774317B1 (fr) * 1998-01-30 2000-04-07 Silfax Machine a cintrer les tubes et son dispositif a barillet
US6038903A (en) * 1998-03-09 2000-03-21 Eaton Leonard, Inc. Dual headed bending machine
US7076982B2 (en) * 2004-01-09 2006-07-18 Jeffrey & Connie Coop, Llc Concentric bore bend die and clamp insert assembly
FR2892648B1 (fr) * 2005-10-28 2007-12-14 Numalliance Soc Par Actions Si Machine pour la cambrage, le fromage, le pliage ou le cintrage de barres, de fils ou de profiles
DE102005058168B4 (de) * 2005-12-05 2009-08-06 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Gleitschiene für eine Biegemaschine
US7254972B1 (en) * 2006-06-28 2007-08-14 Chia Sheng Machinery Co., Ltd. Moving mold mechanism of a pipe bending machine
US10150154B2 (en) 2013-11-14 2018-12-11 Robert Kyle Hughes, JR. Tube bending machine with reversible clamp assembly
US10070909B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2018-09-11 Medos International Sàrl Devices and methods for bending or cutting implants
US10076376B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2018-09-18 Medos International Sàrl Devices and methods for bending or cutting implants
ITUA20161931A1 (it) * 2016-03-23 2017-09-23 Crippa Spa Dispositivo per la curvatura di un materiale filiforme
US10194957B2 (en) 2016-05-13 2019-02-05 Medos International Sarl Devices and methods for bending or cutting implants
CN109604397A (zh) * 2018-12-07 2019-04-12 中国航发南方工业有限公司 弯管机
CN110421030A (zh) * 2019-08-27 2019-11-08 武义义蓝日用金属制品有限公司 一种用于船舶钢材折弯的滚圆设备
CN114406385A (zh) * 2022-03-01 2022-04-29 江苏斯普锐特智能装备有限公司 一种火花机夹具和具有其的火花机

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB545810A (en) * 1940-01-16 1942-06-15 Arthur Larue Parker Improvements in or relating to rod or pipe bending machines
DE1297064B (de) * 1964-08-05 1969-06-12 Hilgers Maschinen U App Bauans Vollautomatische Rohrbiegemaschine zum Biegen von Rohren, bei welchen in verschiedenen Ebenen liegende Boegen unmittelbar aneinander schliessen
FR2530980A1 (fr) * 1982-08-02 1984-02-03 Eaton Leonard Corp Cintreuse a courbures multiples
EP0200979A2 (fr) * 1985-05-10 1986-11-12 Rigobert Dipl.-Ing. Schwarze Machine à cintrer des tubes

Family Cites Families (8)

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US3394571A (en) * 1966-04-14 1968-07-30 William C. Rose Conduit-bending machines
FR1602951A (en) * 1968-04-09 1971-03-01 Tube bending apparatus
DE2626202C2 (de) * 1976-06-11 1992-10-29 Rigobert Dipl.-Ing. 5000 Köln Schwarze Rohrbiegemaschine
DE2711340C3 (de) * 1977-03-16 1986-11-13 Lang, Thomas Peter, Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing., 6120 Michelstadt Vorrichtung zum Kaltbiegen von Strangmaterial
DE3033300A1 (de) * 1980-09-04 1982-04-01 Rigobert Dipl.-Ing. 5000 Köln Schwarze Rohrbiegemaschine
DE3033950C2 (de) * 1980-09-10 1985-06-27 Thomas Peter Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. 6120 Michelstadt Lang Rohrbiegemaschine
DE3407499A1 (de) * 1983-03-26 1984-09-27 Rigobert Dipl.-Ing. 5000 Köln Schwarze Rohrbiegemaschine
JPS59178131A (ja) * 1983-03-28 1984-10-09 Suzuki Motor Co Ltd 曲げ装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB545810A (en) * 1940-01-16 1942-06-15 Arthur Larue Parker Improvements in or relating to rod or pipe bending machines
DE1297064B (de) * 1964-08-05 1969-06-12 Hilgers Maschinen U App Bauans Vollautomatische Rohrbiegemaschine zum Biegen von Rohren, bei welchen in verschiedenen Ebenen liegende Boegen unmittelbar aneinander schliessen
FR2530980A1 (fr) * 1982-08-02 1984-02-03 Eaton Leonard Corp Cintreuse a courbures multiples
EP0200979A2 (fr) * 1985-05-10 1986-11-12 Rigobert Dipl.-Ing. Schwarze Machine à cintrer des tubes

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0319400A1 (fr) * 1987-12-02 1989-06-07 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation, "S.N.E.C.M.A." Outillage de cintrage de canalisations et procédé de fabrication d'une canalisation à embout soudé
FR2624038A1 (fr) * 1987-12-02 1989-06-09 Snecma Outillage de cintrage de canalisations et procede de fabrication d'une canalisation a embout soude
CN104148463A (zh) * 2014-07-04 2014-11-19 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 空调器、空调器管路件及空调器管路件折弯方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3787754D1 (de) 1993-11-18
EP0513864A3 (en) 1993-01-13
EP0245623B1 (fr) 1993-10-13
EP0513864A2 (fr) 1992-11-19
DE3616302A1 (de) 1987-11-19
CA1294196C (fr) 1992-01-14
DE3751861D1 (de) 1996-08-29
US4888971A (en) 1989-12-26
EP0513864B1 (fr) 1996-07-24
EP0245623A3 (en) 1990-03-28

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