EP0242408B1 - Sail boat - Google Patents

Sail boat Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0242408B1
EP0242408B1 EP86105247A EP86105247A EP0242408B1 EP 0242408 B1 EP0242408 B1 EP 0242408B1 EP 86105247 A EP86105247 A EP 86105247A EP 86105247 A EP86105247 A EP 86105247A EP 0242408 B1 EP0242408 B1 EP 0242408B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sail
mast
sailboat
beams
hull
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86105247A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0242408A1 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Laib
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE8686105247T priority Critical patent/DE3680325D1/en
Priority to EP86105247A priority patent/EP0242408B1/en
Priority to AT86105247T priority patent/ATE65226T1/en
Priority to US07/038,691 priority patent/US4796554A/en
Priority to JP62094254A priority patent/JPS62251294A/en
Priority to AU71761/87A priority patent/AU597862B2/en
Publication of EP0242408A1 publication Critical patent/EP0242408A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0242408B1 publication Critical patent/EP0242408B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/061—Rigid sails; Aerofoil sails
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/04—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B41/00—Drop keels, e.g. centre boards or side boards ; Collapsible keels, or the like, e.g. telescopically; Longitudinally split hinged keels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C15/00—Storing of vessels on land otherwise than by dry-docking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B2035/009—Wind propelled vessels comprising arrangements, installations or devices specially adapted therefor, other than wind propulsion arrangements, installations, or devices, such as sails, running rigging, or the like, and other than sailboards or the like or related equipment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sailboat with at least one mast beam of angular cross-section supported in a boat hull and adjustable about its axis, which forms part of a profile sail corresponding to a wing profile in plan view, several mast planes arranged in the longitudinal center of the profile sail a wing profile corresponding, generally horizontal sail trees slidably guided and connected to each other via sail sections.
  • the profile sail In a sailboat of the aforementioned type known from FR-A-1 464 877, the profile sail consists of several plate-shaped sail ribs made of inherently rigid material, the contours of which correspond to a wing profile with a rounded front leading edge and a tapering trailing edge.
  • the profile sail can be hoisted by means of cables which are led upwards and deflected there and are attached to the uppermost profile rib in such a way that the uppermost profile rib including the next lower one is attached to the circumference of the sail profile ribs, including the next lower one connected by the sail cover Profile ribs are pulled up one after the other with their sail sections on the mast.
  • a profile sail which can be pulled up on a rotatable mast consists of at least six sail ribs which are arranged at perpendicular distances from one another and are connected to one another by sail sections.
  • the outline of the sail ribs corresponds to a wing profile with a rounded front leading edge and a tapered outflow section, the outer profile strips of which are curved in a symmetrical starting position with the help of an articulated grating between them in one direction or the other so that taking into account the wind direction and wind speed can be set on all profile ribs in one or in the opposite direction curved aerodynamic profile shapes.
  • the profile ribs are connected at predetermined height distances to a sail cover, which is pulled up together with the uppermost sail profile by means of a hoisting line guided along the mast, and on which the profile ribs arranged below hang. Via a guide roller mounted in the front section of each profile rib, individual reefing ropes are guided up to the mast foot, which keep the sail sections taut and, on the other hand, enable controlled reefing of the sail in such a way that the still non-reefed sail sections remain tense.
  • the proposed design of the profile sail allows, while maintaining the wing cross-section with its favorable inflow and outflow conditions, that by pivoting the front and / or rear flap section this z. B. is increased for optimal use of low wind speeds, in addition or alternatively, particularly strong wind conditions can be taken into account on the profile sail by changing its height.
  • the best possible propulsive forces can be achieved depending on the wind direction in connection with the lateral pivoting adjustment of the sail flap arranged at the front end of the sail profile and / or also the rear profile flap.
  • the height by which the top sail boom is raised determines the height of the sail.
  • the sail can be pulled up around a sail section, for example, so that the wind only acts on this sail section, while the remaining sail sections are reefed. This reduced sail size can be useful in high winds to maneuver with the smallest possible sail area, which is then advantageously close to the center of gravity.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 one can imagine the hull 10 of the sailing boat shown, which is only shown in its outline, by the fact that cross-sections through the hull always form equilateral triangles with concave curved sides.
  • the two side walls 12, 14 meet in the keel line 22, which is between Stern 28 and bow 30 extends.
  • the top wall 16, like the side walls 12, 14, can be concavely curved and meets with the side wall 12 in the upper side edge 24 and with the side wall 14 in the upper side edge 26. This achieves great pressure resistance of the fuselage and creates the conditions for this that the boat can straighten up automatically in the event of capsizing.
  • the keel line 22 and the upper side edges 24, 26 contain all triangles from the above-described consideration, which are reduced in the theoretical bow and stern points 28 and 30 up to point size.
  • the stern can be made of transparent material as the pulpit 58, while the bow can carry an attachment.
  • the boat hull has an elliptical or egg shape in side or top view, which contributes to the desired high rigidity of the hull, which in a practical embodiment consists of laminated mahogany wood, the wooden slats glued with synthetic resin and on prefabricated groups of ring-like frames with the outer triangular shape approximated are glued on.
  • the bow is extended by an attachment 18 to improve the handling properties of the boat, so that the top 20 of the bow attachment tangentially with the upper side edges 24, 26 of the hull united.
  • the keel edge 22 of the boat hull is extended to the tip of the attachment 18, from the top of which there is one Bow edge 64 rises, from which the skipper has an all-round view.
  • a sail mast 60 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, has a triangular cross section and is supported within the hull and is pivotably guided about its longitudinal axis.
  • the sail mast 60 belongs to a profile sail, which is indicated in its cross-sectional outline in FIG. 4.
  • several horizontal sail trees are slidably guided in the vertical direction, namely according to FIG. 3 an uppermost sail tree 68, an upper intermediate tree 76, a lower intermediate tree 80 and a lower sail tree 84.
  • These sail trees consist of frame structures, preferably of light metal, the outline of which is adapted to the shape of the wing and in which deflection rollers, cables and winding motors are arranged in order to pull down the next higher tree by one step or by one section of sail and to reef the sail in this respect.
  • Deflection rollers 66 are mounted on an upper attachment 62 of the sail mast, via which the sail tree 68 and, if appropriate, the entire sail are pulled up with the aid of cable pulling means 70.
  • the cable 70 is actuated by a lower winding motor C, which is here, for example, trough-shaped trained lowest sail tree 84 is arranged.
  • the sail tree 84 is fastened to the mast at the level of the boat deck 16 and, when the sail is reefed, receives all the sail trees which are then superimposed. From this state, the sail boom 68 is first raised to any desired height when the sail is set by actuating the motor C, one or more sail sections 74, 78, 82 then being set or unfolded. As soon as the uppermost sail section 74 is tensioned when the upper intermediate boom 76 is taken along, the next following sail section 78 is pulled up, etc.
  • the number of sail trees and sail sections is arbitrary and need not correspond to that according to FIG. 3.
  • Each sail tree is connected to the next higher sail tree by at least one cable and a winding motor for reefing the sail section located above.
  • cable pulling means 72 are shown in FIG. 3 for reefing the sail section 82, which extends and is stretched between the upper sail tree 84 and the lower intermediate tree 80.
  • the cables 72 engaging the intermediate boom 80 are guided via deflection rollers in the upper sail boom 84 to a winding motor B 1, via which the intermediate boom 80 and thus all other sail trees and sail sections located above are reefed by one step until the intermediate boom 80 rests on the sail boom 84 .
  • the front end of the profile sail is formed by an articulated flap section which is adjustable in the region of each sail tree and each sail section by means of independent drive means for changing the profile curvature in adaptation to the respective sailing maneuvers.
  • a front flap section 88 which has its own sail covering 96 with the outlines similar to FIG. 4, is articulated at the front end of the upper sail tree 68 via hinge or joint means 86. Also via appropriate hinge and hinge means 86 are connected to the sail trees 76, 80 and 84 front flap sections 90, 92 and 94, which, like the other sail tree sections, consist of frame structures and are provided with separate sail coverings 98, 100 and 102, respectively, which are used in the Reef the same way as the sail sections 74, 78 and 82 are folded.
  • the front flap section can each be provided with a swivel arm 104 projecting into the rear tree section, with which the flap section can be swiveled about a vertical axis 86.
  • a drive motor A 1... A 4 is connected to the swivel arms 104 in order to swivel the respective flap section up or down in the view from FIG. 4.
  • the control can be set up so that the swivel drives A 1 ... A 4, as far as those arranged above Sections of the sail are raised, operated together and in the same direction.
  • a pivotable flap can also be provided at the rear end of the profile sail in order to adjust the curvature of the wing profile and to be able to cross with the more favorable efficiency against the wind.
  • the sail begins immediately above the hull and, according to FIG. 3, has approximately the same height when the top boom is rounded up with appropriate covering at the front and rear end.
  • two. or more sails of the type shown in Fig. 3 are arranged one behind the other on the hull.
  • the hull is equipped with four rudders 42 which are inclined downwards and outwards, the shape and arrangement of which can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2. There can be two between the front and rear oar pairs.
  • Propellers 38 can be provided as an auxiliary drive, starting from bushings 36 for the drive deflection.
  • the rudders 42 are attached to rudder shafts 40, the extensions of which extend into the interior of the boat hull 10, are stored there and are adjusted with the aid of drive means, not shown. Outside the fuselage 10, the rudder shafts 40 are provided with a streamlined covering 46.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
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  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a sailboat in which the hull is defined by cross-sections forming equilateral triangles standing on one tip with convex sides and which continuously decrease in size toward the bow and stern so that the keel line and the side edges coincide there and a substantially symmetrical ellipsoid is formed. The ellipsoid includes an extended bow cockpit and downwardly and outwardly slanting adjustable rudder vanes simultaneously forming rest feet. A central seat in the hull receives an adjustable mast of a profiled sail corresponding to a symmetrical airfoil profile having an adjustable airfoil cap at its front end. Several beams at the mast can be pulled up over each other and sail segments mounted in between can be reefed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Segelboot mit wenigstens einem in einem Bootsrumpf abgestützten, um seine Achse einstellbaren Mastbaum von kantigem Querschnitt, der Teil eines in der Draufsicht einem Tragflügelprofil entsprechenden Profilsegels bildet, wobei an dem etwa in der Längsmitte des Profilsegels angeordneten Mastbaum mehrere, in der Draufsicht einem Tragflügelprofil entsprechende, im allgemeinen waagerechte Segelbäume verschiebbar geführt und jeweils über Segelabschnitte miteinander verbunden sind.The invention relates to a sailboat with at least one mast beam of angular cross-section supported in a boat hull and adjustable about its axis, which forms part of a profile sail corresponding to a wing profile in plan view, several mast planes arranged in the longitudinal center of the profile sail a wing profile corresponding, generally horizontal sail trees slidably guided and connected to each other via sail sections.

Bei einem aus der FR-A-1 464 877 bekannten Segelboot der vorbezeichneten Art besteht das Profilsegel aus mehreren plattenförmigen Segelrippen aus in sich steifem Material, deren Umrisse einem Tragflügelprofil mit vorderer abgerundeter Anströmkante und einer spitz zulaufenden Abströmkante entsprechen. Das Profilsegel läßt sich mit Hilfe von am Mast nach oben geführten und dort umgelenkten Seilzügen, die an der obersten Profilrippe befestigt sind, in der Weise hissen, daß mit der an den Umfängen der Segelprofilrippen befestigten Segelhülle die oberste Profilrippe einschließlich der durch die Segelhülle angeschlossenen nächsttieferen Profilrippen nacheinander mit ihren Segelabschnitten am Mast aufgezogen werden. Bei dieser bekannten Segelbauart wird als nachteilig angesehen, daß das Segel beim Reffen in sich zusammenfallen kann, weil die Segelabschnitte zwischen den einzelnen Profilrippen nicht in festem Abstand zueinander verbleiben. Es fehlt dadurch an der Möglichkeit, bei größerer Windstärke mit einem in seiner Fläche wahlweise verringerbaren Segel zu manövrieren.In a sailboat of the aforementioned type known from FR-A-1 464 877, the profile sail consists of several plate-shaped sail ribs made of inherently rigid material, the contours of which correspond to a wing profile with a rounded front leading edge and a tapering trailing edge. The profile sail can be hoisted by means of cables which are led upwards and deflected there and are attached to the uppermost profile rib in such a way that the uppermost profile rib including the next lower one is attached to the circumference of the sail profile ribs, including the next lower one connected by the sail cover Profile ribs are pulled up one after the other with their sail sections on the mast. In this known type of sail it is considered disadvantageous that the sail can collapse when reefing because the sail sections between the individual profile ribs do not remain at a fixed distance from one another. It is therefore lacking in the possibility of maneuvering with a sail that can be reduced in area in the case of greater wind strength.

Bei einem anderen aus der WO-A-86/00591 bekannten Segelboot besteht ein an einem drehbaren Mast aufziehbares Profilsegel aus mindestens sechs unter senkrechten Abständen zueinander angeordneten und durch Segelabschnitte untereinander verbundenen Segelrippen. Der Umriß der Segelrippen entspricht einem Tragflügelprofil mit einer vorderen abgerundeten Anströmkante und einem nach hinten spitz zulaufenden Abströmabschnitt, dessen äußere Profilleisten aus einer symmetrischen Ausgangsstellung mit Hilfe eines dazwischen gelenkig angeschlossenen Gitterwerkes wahlweise nach der einen oder anderen Richtung so gekrümmt werden, daß unter Berücksichtigung von Windrichtung und Windgeschwindigkeit an sämtlichen Profilrippen nach der einen oder nach der entgegengesetzten Richtung gewölbte aerodynamische Profilformen eingestellt werden können. Die Profilrippen sind unter vorbestimmten Höhenabständen mit einer Segelhülle verbunden, die mittels einer entlang des Mastes geführten Hissleine zusammen mit dem obersten Segelprofil aufgezogen wird, und an der die tiefer angeordneten Profilrippen hängen. Über eine im vorderen Abschnitt jeder Profilrippe gelagerte Umlenkrolle sind jeweils einzelne Reffseile bis an den Mastfuß geführt, welche die aufgezogenen Segelabschnitte gespannt halten und andererseits das kontrollierte Reffen des Segels in der Weise ermöglichen, daß die noch nicht gerefften Segelabschnitte weiterhin gespannt bleiben.In another sailboat known from WO-A-86/00591, a profile sail which can be pulled up on a rotatable mast consists of at least six sail ribs which are arranged at perpendicular distances from one another and are connected to one another by sail sections. The outline of the sail ribs corresponds to a wing profile with a rounded front leading edge and a tapered outflow section, the outer profile strips of which are curved in a symmetrical starting position with the help of an articulated grating between them in one direction or the other so that taking into account the wind direction and wind speed can be set on all profile ribs in one or in the opposite direction curved aerodynamic profile shapes. The profile ribs are connected at predetermined height distances to a sail cover, which is pulled up together with the uppermost sail profile by means of a hoisting line guided along the mast, and on which the profile ribs arranged below hang. Via a guide roller mounted in the front section of each profile rib, individual reefing ropes are guided up to the mast foot, which keep the sail sections taut and, on the other hand, enable controlled reefing of the sail in such a way that the still non-reefed sail sections remain tense.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, für ein Segelboot der eingangs bezeichneten Art das Profilsegel dahingehend zu verbessern und mit einem solchen Aufbau zu versehen, daß es verhältnismäßig einfach und durch schnelle Änderung seiner Profilform den anzutreffenden bzw. wechselnden Windverhältnissen angepaßt werden kann. Ein solches Segelboot weist erfindungsgemäß folgende Merkmale auf:

  • a) das die einzelnen Segelbäume (68,76,80,84) enthaltende Tragflügelprofil umfaßt am vorderen und rückwärtigen Ende seitlich verschwenkbare, vordere und rückwärtige Klappenabschnitte (90 bis 96), die jeweils um am vorderen bzw. hinteren Ende eines entlang dem Mast (60) verschiebbaren Hauptabschnittes des jeweiligen Baumes angeordnete senkrechte Scharnierachsen durch Antriebsmittel zur optimierten Anpassung an die Windverhältnisse verstellbar sind;
  • b) der oberste Segelbaum (68) ist mittels am Mast (60) geführter Seilzugmittel (70) bis in eine oberste Stellung aufziehbar, und die darunter angeordneten Segelbäume sind jeweils über die an ihnen befestigten Segelabschnitte (74,78,82) mit dem nächsthöheren Segelbaum verbunden;
  • c) die Segelabschnitte (74,78,82) sind durch automatisch betriebenes faltenbalgartiges Zusammenfalten jeweils zwischen zwei benachbarten Segelbäumen (68-76, 76-80, 80-84) einzeln reffbar, wobei die stehenbleibenden Segelabschnitte jeweils um die Höhe der bzw. des gerefften Segelabschnitte(s) am Mastbaum (60) nach unten verstellbar sind.
The invention has for its object to improve the profile sail for a sailboat of the type mentioned and to provide such a structure that it can be adapted relatively easily and by quickly changing its profile shape to the encountered or changing wind conditions. According to the invention, such a sailboat has the following features:
  • a) the hydrofoil profile containing the individual sail trees (68, 76, 80, 84) comprises, at the front and rear end, laterally pivotable, front and rear flap sections (90 to 96), each around the front and rear end of a along the mast ( 60) displaceable main section of the respective tree arranged vertical hinge axes are adjustable by drive means for optimized adaptation to the wind conditions;
  • b) the uppermost sail tree (68) can be pulled up to an uppermost position by means of cable pulling means (70) guided on the mast (60), and the sail trees arranged underneath are each with the next higher one via the sail sections (74, 78, 82) attached to them Connected sail tree;
  • c) the sail sections (74, 78, 82) can be individually reefed by automatically operated bellows-like folding between each two adjacent sail trees (68-76, 76-80, 80-84), the standing sail sections each being adjusted by the height of the reefed sail sections (s) on the mast boom (60) can be adjusted downwards.

Die vorgeschlagene Bauform des Profilsegels ermöglicht unter Beibehaltung des Tragflügelquerschnittes mit seinen günstigen An- und Abströmbedingungen, daß durch Verschwenken des vorderen und/oder rückwärtigen Klappenabschnittes diese z. B. zur optimalen Ausnützung geringer Windstärken erhöht wird, wobei zusätzlich oder alternativ am Profilsegel durch Veränderung seiner Höhe besonders starke Windverhältnisse berücksichtigt werden können. Außer der bekannten Segelverstellung mit Hilfe des um seine Achse verschwenkbaren Mastes lassen sich je nach Windrichtung die bestmöglichen Vortriebskräfte in Verbindung mit der seitlichen Schwenkverstellung der am vorderen Ende des Segelprofils angeordneten Segelklappe und/oder auch der rückwärtigen Profilklappe erreichen.The proposed design of the profile sail allows, while maintaining the wing cross-section with its favorable inflow and outflow conditions, that by pivoting the front and / or rear flap section this z. B. is increased for optimal use of low wind speeds, in addition or alternatively, particularly strong wind conditions can be taken into account on the profile sail by changing its height. In addition to the known sail adjustment using the mast that can be pivoted about its axis, the best possible propulsive forces can be achieved depending on the wind direction in connection with the lateral pivoting adjustment of the sail flap arranged at the front end of the sail profile and / or also the rear profile flap.

Wenn der untere Segelbaum direkt oberhalb des Bootsdecks fest mit dem Mast verbunden ist, wird durch das Maß, um den der oberste Segelbaum aufgezogen wird, die Höhe des Segels bestimmt. Das Segel kann beispielsweise um einen Segelabschnitt aufgezogen werden, so daß der Wind nur auf diesen Segelabschnitt wirkt, während die restlichen Segelabschnitte gerefft sind. Diese reduzierte Segelgröße kann bei hoher Windstärke zweckmäßig sein, um mit kleinstmöglicher Segelfläche zu manövrieren, die dann vorteilhaft nahe dem Bootsschwerpunkt liegt.If the lower sail boom is firmly connected to the mast directly above the boat deck, the height by which the top sail boom is raised determines the height of the sail. The sail can be pulled up around a sail section, for example, so that the wind only acts on this sail section, while the remaining sail sections are reefed. This reduced sail size can be useful in high winds to maneuver with the smallest possible sail area, which is then advantageously close to the center of gravity.

Wenn sich beim Segelreffen zwei Segelbäume einander annähern, sorgen geeignete Mittel für das ordnungsgemäße platzsparende Zusammenfalten nach Art eines Faltenbalges, wodurch dann die überschüssige Länge der Segelhülle oder -bespannung zusammen-gelegt wird, während die Segelabschnitte zwischen den nicht gerefften Segelbäumen weiterhin gespannt und somit funktionsfähig bleiben.If two sail trees approach each other at the sailing meeting, suitable means ensure the proper space-saving folding in the manner of a bellows, as a result of which the excess length of the sail cover or covering is put together, while the sail sections between the unrefined sail trees continue to be tensioned and thus remain functional.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen des Segelbootes nach der Erfindung bilden den Gegenstand der Unteransprüche 2 bis 6. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Segelbootes gemäß der Erfindung ist nachfolgend in Verbindung mit den Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen, jeweils schematisch,

Fig. 1
eine Seitenansicht eines Segelbootes nach der Erfindung ohne Mast;
Fig. 2
eine Heckansicht des Segelbootes nach Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
eine Seitenansicht eines aufgezogenen Profilsegels bei einem Segelboot nach Fig. 1 und
Fig. 4
einen schematischen Querschnitt durch das Profilsegel nach Fig. 3.
Further embodiments of the sailboat according to the invention form the subject of subclaims 2 to 6. An embodiment of a sailboat according to the invention is explained in more detail below in connection with the drawings. Each shows schematically
Fig. 1
a side view of a sailboat according to the invention without a mast;
Fig. 2
a rear view of the sailboat of FIG. 1;
Fig. 3
a side view of a raised profile sail in a sailboat according to Fig. 1 and
Fig. 4
3 shows a schematic cross section through the profile sail according to FIG. 3.

Entsprechend Fig. 1 und 2 kann man sich den nur in seinen Umrißlinien dargestellten Rumpf 10 des gezeigten Segelbootes dadurch entstanden denken, daß Querschnitte durch den Bootsrumpf stets auf der Spitze stehende, gleichseitige Dreiecke mit konkav gekrümmten Seiten bilden. Die beiden Seitenwände 12, 14 treffen sich in der Kiellinie 22, die sich zwischen Heck 28 und Bug 30 erstreckt. Auch die Deckwand 16 kann wie die Seitenwände 12, 14 konkav gekrümmt sein und trifft sich mit der Seitenwand 12 in der oberen Seitenkante 24 und mit der Seitenwand 14 in der oberen Seitenkante 26. Damit wird eine große Druckfestigkeit des Rumpfes erreicht und die Voraussetzung dafür geschaffen, daß sich das Boot im Fall eines Kenterns selbsttätig wieder aufrichten kann.According to FIGS. 1 and 2, one can imagine the hull 10 of the sailing boat shown, which is only shown in its outline, by the fact that cross-sections through the hull always form equilateral triangles with concave curved sides. The two side walls 12, 14 meet in the keel line 22, which is between Stern 28 and bow 30 extends. The top wall 16, like the side walls 12, 14, can be concavely curved and meets with the side wall 12 in the upper side edge 24 and with the side wall 14 in the upper side edge 26. This achieves great pressure resistance of the fuselage and creates the conditions for this that the boat can straighten up automatically in the event of capsizing.

Die Kiellinie 22 und die oberen Seitenkanten 24, 26 enthalten aus der vorbeschriebenen Betrachtung sämtliche Dreiecke, die in den theoretischen Bug- und Heckpunkten 28 bzw. 30 bis zu Punktgröße reduziert sind. Das Heck kann als Kanzel 58 aus durchsichtigem Material bestehen, während der Bug einen Aufsatz tragen kann. Der Bootsrumpf besitzt in Seitenansicht oder Draufsicht ungefähr Ellipsen- oder Eiform, die zur erwünschten hohen Eigensteifigkeit des Rumpfes beiträgt, der in einer praktischen Ausführungsform aus laminiertem Mahagoniholz besteht, wobei die Holzlamellen mit Kunstharz verklebt und auf vorgefertigte Gruppen von ringähnlichen Spanten mit der äußeren angenäherten Dreiecksform aufgeleimt sind.The keel line 22 and the upper side edges 24, 26 contain all triangles from the above-described consideration, which are reduced in the theoretical bow and stern points 28 and 30 up to point size. The stern can be made of transparent material as the pulpit 58, while the bow can carry an attachment. The boat hull has an elliptical or egg shape in side or top view, which contributes to the desired high rigidity of the hull, which in a practical embodiment consists of laminated mahogany wood, the wooden slats glued with synthetic resin and on prefabricated groups of ring-like frames with the outer triangular shape approximated are glued on.

Wenn das Bootsdeck aus der gemäß Fig. 2 nach oben konvex gewölbten Dreieckwand 16 besteht, wird der Bug zur Verbesserung der Fahreigenschaften des Bootes durch einen Aufsatz 18 verlängert, so daß die Oberseite 20 des Bugaufsatzes sich tangential mit den oberen Seitenkanten 24, 26 des Rumpfes vereinigt. Die Kielkante 22 des Bootsrumpfes ist verlängert bis zur Bugspitze des Aufsatzes 18, von dessen Oberseite sich eine Bugkante 64 erhebt, von der der Schiffsführer eine Rundumsicht hat.If the boat deck consists of the upwardly convex triangular wall 16 according to FIG. 2, the bow is extended by an attachment 18 to improve the handling properties of the boat, so that the top 20 of the bow attachment tangentially with the upper side edges 24, 26 of the hull united. The keel edge 22 of the boat hull is extended to the tip of the attachment 18, from the top of which there is one Bow edge 64 rises, from which the skipper has an all-round view.

In der Mitte des Decks 16 an der in Fig. 1 angedeuteten Verlängerung der kurzen Ellipsenhalbachse H befindet sich eine Öffnung 34 zur Aufnahme eines Segelmastes 60, der beim gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel einen Dreiecksquerschnitt besitzt und innerhalb des Rumpfes abgestützt und um seine Längsachse verschwenkbar geführt ist.In the middle of the deck 16 on the extension of the short ellipse half-axis H indicated in FIG. 1 there is an opening 34 for receiving a sail mast 60 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, has a triangular cross section and is supported within the hull and is pivotably guided about its longitudinal axis.

Der Segelmast 60 gehört zu einem Profilsegel, das in seinen Querschnittsumrissen in Fig. 4 angedeutet ist. Am Segelmast 60 sind mehrere waagerechte Segelbäume in Vertikalrichtung verschiebbar geführt, und zwar gemäß Fig. 3 ein oberster Segelbaum 68, ein oberer Zwischenbaum 76, ein unterer Zwischenbaum 80 und ein unterster Segelbaum 84. Diese Segelbäume bestehen aus Rahmenkonstruktionen, vorzugsweise aus Leichtmetall, deren Umriß der Tragflügelform angepaßt ist und in denen Umlenkrollen, Seilzüge und Wickelmotoren angeordnet sind, um den jeweils nächsthöheren Baum um eine Stufe bzw. um einen Segelabschnitt herunterzuziehen und das Segel insoweit zu reffen.The sail mast 60 belongs to a profile sail, which is indicated in its cross-sectional outline in FIG. 4. On the mast 60, several horizontal sail trees are slidably guided in the vertical direction, namely according to FIG. 3 an uppermost sail tree 68, an upper intermediate tree 76, a lower intermediate tree 80 and a lower sail tree 84. These sail trees consist of frame structures, preferably of light metal, the outline of which is adapted to the shape of the wing and in which deflection rollers, cables and winding motors are arranged in order to pull down the next higher tree by one step or by one section of sail and to reef the sail in this respect.

An einem oberen Ansatz 62 des Segelmastes sind Umlenkrollen 66 gelagert, über die mit Hilfe von Seilzugmitteln 70 der Segelbaum 68 und gegebenenfalls das gesamte Segel aufgezogen wird. Der Seilzug 70 wird von einem unteren Wickelmotor C betätigt, der hier innerhalb des beispielsweise wannenförmig ausgebildeten untersten Segelbaums 84 angeordnet ist. Der Segelbaum 84 ist in Höhe des Bootsdecks 16 am Mast befestigt und nimmt bei gerefftem Segel sämtliche dann übereinanderliegenden Segelbäume auf. Von diesem Zustand aus wird beim Segelsetzen durch Betätigung des Motors C zunächst der Segelbaum 68 bis in jede beliebige Höhe aufgezogen, wobei dann ein oder mehrere Segelabschnitte 74, 78, 82 gesetzt bzw. entfaltet werden. Sobald beim Aufziehen der oberste Segelabschnitt 74 gespannt ist, wird durch Mitnahme des oberen Zwischenbaums 76 der nächstfolgende Segelabschnitt 78 aufgezogen usw. Die Anzahl der Segelbäume und Segelabschnitte ist beliebig und muß nicht derjenigen gemäß Fig. 3 entsprechen.Deflection rollers 66 are mounted on an upper attachment 62 of the sail mast, via which the sail tree 68 and, if appropriate, the entire sail are pulled up with the aid of cable pulling means 70. The cable 70 is actuated by a lower winding motor C, which is here, for example, trough-shaped trained lowest sail tree 84 is arranged. The sail tree 84 is fastened to the mast at the level of the boat deck 16 and, when the sail is reefed, receives all the sail trees which are then superimposed. From this state, the sail boom 68 is first raised to any desired height when the sail is set by actuating the motor C, one or more sail sections 74, 78, 82 then being set or unfolded. As soon as the uppermost sail section 74 is tensioned when the upper intermediate boom 76 is taken along, the next following sail section 78 is pulled up, etc. The number of sail trees and sail sections is arbitrary and need not correspond to that according to FIG. 3.

Jeder Segelbaum ist über wenigstens einen Seilzug und einen Wickelmotor zum Reffen des darüber befindlichen Segelabschnittes mit dem nächsthöheren Segelbaum verbunden. Von diesen Seilzugverbindungen sind in Fig. 3 nur Seilzugmittel 72 zum Reffen des Segelabschnittes 82 gezeigt, der sich zwischen dem oberen Segelbaum 84 und dem unteren Zwischenbaum 80 er-streckt und gespannt ist. Die am Zwischenbaum 80 angreifenden Seilzüge 72 sind über Umlenkrollen im oberen Segelbaum 84 an einen Wickelmotor B 1 geführt, über den der Zwischenbaum 80 und damit alle anderen darüber befindlichen Segelbäume und Segelabschnitte um eine Stufe gerefft werden, bis der Zwischenbaum 80 auf dem Segelbaum 84 aufliegt. Es versteht sich, daß beim Einschalten des Wickelmotors B 1 gleichzeitig dafür gesorgt wird, daß die über den Motor C betätigten Seilzugmittel 70, die am Topbaum 68 angreifen, entsprechend weit nachgelassen werden, z. B. durch Bremsen oder durch entsprechendes Umschalten des Wickelmotors C zum Reffen.Each sail tree is connected to the next higher sail tree by at least one cable and a winding motor for reefing the sail section located above. Of these cable pull connections, only cable pulling means 72 are shown in FIG. 3 for reefing the sail section 82, which extends and is stretched between the upper sail tree 84 and the lower intermediate tree 80. The cables 72 engaging the intermediate boom 80 are guided via deflection rollers in the upper sail boom 84 to a winding motor B 1, via which the intermediate boom 80 and thus all other sail trees and sail sections located above are reefed by one step until the intermediate boom 80 rests on the sail boom 84 . It goes without saying that when the winding motor B 1 is switched on, care is simultaneously taken to ensure that the pulling means 70 actuated by the motor C, which act on the top tree 68, is correspondingly reduced be, e.g. B. by braking or by switching the winding motor C for reefing.

Entsprechend Fig. 4 wird das vordere Ende des Profilsegels durch einen gelenkigen Klappenabschnitt gebildet, der im Bereich jedes Segelbaums und jedes Segelabschnittes durch unabhängige Antriebsmittel zum Ändern der Profilwölbung in Anpassung an die jeweiligen Segelmanöver verstellbar ist. Über Scharnier- oder Gelenkmittel 86 ist am vorderen Ende des oberen Segelbaums 68 ein vorderer Klappenabschnitt 88 angelenkt, der seine eigene Segelbespannung 96 mit den Umrissen ähnlich Fig. 4 aufweist. Ebenfalls über entsprechende Scharnier- und Gelenkmittel 86 sind an die Segelbäume 76, 80 und 84 vordere Klappenabschnitte 90, 92 bzw. 94 angeschlossen, die wie die restlichen Segelbaumabschnitte aus Rahmenkonstruktionen bestehen und mit gesonderten Segelbespannungen 98, 100 bzw. 102 versehen sind, die beim Reffen genauso wie die Segelabschnitte 74, 78 und 82 zusammengelegt werden.4, the front end of the profile sail is formed by an articulated flap section which is adjustable in the region of each sail tree and each sail section by means of independent drive means for changing the profile curvature in adaptation to the respective sailing maneuvers. A front flap section 88, which has its own sail covering 96 with the outlines similar to FIG. 4, is articulated at the front end of the upper sail tree 68 via hinge or joint means 86. Also via appropriate hinge and hinge means 86 are connected to the sail trees 76, 80 and 84 front flap sections 90, 92 and 94, which, like the other sail tree sections, consist of frame structures and are provided with separate sail coverings 98, 100 and 102, respectively, which are used in the Reef the same way as the sail sections 74, 78 and 82 are folded.

Weiterhin kann gemäß Fig. 4 der vordere Klappenabschnitt jeweils mit einem in den rückwärtigen Baumabschnitt hineinragenden Schwenkarm 104 versehen sein, mit dem der Klappenabschnitt um eine senkrechte Achse 86 schwenkbar ist. Mit den Schwenkarmen 104 steht jeweils ein Antriebsmotor A 1 ... A 4 in Verbindung, um den jeweiligen Klappenabschnitt in der Sichtweise von Fig. 4 nach oben oder unten zu schwenken. Selbstverständlich kann die Steuerung so eingerichtet sein, daß die Schwenkantriebe A 1 ... A 4, so weit die darüber angeordneten Segelabschnitte aufgezogen sind, gemeinsam und in der gleichen Richtung betätigt werden.4, the front flap section can each be provided with a swivel arm 104 projecting into the rear tree section, with which the flap section can be swiveled about a vertical axis 86. A drive motor A 1... A 4 is connected to the swivel arms 104 in order to swivel the respective flap section up or down in the view from FIG. 4. Of course, the control can be set up so that the swivel drives A 1 ... A 4, as far as those arranged above Sections of the sail are raised, operated together and in the same direction.

Zusätzlich, jedoch nicht gezeigt, kann auch am rückwärtigen Ende des Profilsegels eine verschwenkbare Klappe vorgesehen sein, um die Wölbung des Tragflügelprofils verstellen und mit dem günstigeren Wirkungsgrad gegen den Wind kreuzen zu können. Das Segel beginnt unmittelbar oberhalb des Rumpfes und hat entsprechend Fig. 3 bei nach oben abgerundetem Topbaum mit entsprechender Bespannung am vorderen und rückwärtigen Ende etwa die gleiche Höhe. Ebenfalls nicht gezeigt ist eine Ausführungsform, bei der zwei. oder mehr Segel der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Art auf dem Rumpf hintereinander angeordnet sind.In addition, but not shown, a pivotable flap can also be provided at the rear end of the profile sail in order to adjust the curvature of the wing profile and to be able to cross with the more favorable efficiency against the wind. The sail begins immediately above the hull and, according to FIG. 3, has approximately the same height when the top boom is rounded up with appropriate covering at the front and rear end. Also not shown is an embodiment in which two. or more sails of the type shown in Fig. 3 are arranged one behind the other on the hull.

Zur verbesserten Manövrierfähigkeit des Segelbootes ist der Rumpf mit vier abwärts und nach außen geneigten Rudern 42 ausgestattet, deren Form und Anordnung sich aus Fig. 1 und 2 ergibt. Zwischen den vorderen und rückwärtigen Ruderpaaren können zwei. Schiffsschrauben 38 als Hilfsantrieb vorgesehen sein, die von Durchführungen 36 für die Antriebsumlenkung ausgehen.In order to improve the maneuverability of the sailboat, the hull is equipped with four rudders 42 which are inclined downwards and outwards, the shape and arrangement of which can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2. There can be two between the front and rear oar pairs. Propellers 38 can be provided as an auxiliary drive, starting from bushings 36 for the drive deflection.

Die Ruder 42 sind auf Ruderwellen 40 befestigt, deren Verlängerungen bis in das Innere des Bootsrumpfes 10 geführt, dort gelagert und mit Hilfe nicht gezeigter Antriebsmittel verstellt werden. Außerhalb des Rumpfes 10 sind die Ruderwellen 40 mit einer stromlinienförmigen Verkleidung 46 versehen.The rudders 42 are attached to rudder shafts 40, the extensions of which extend into the interior of the boat hull 10, are stored there and are adjusted with the aid of drive means, not shown. Outside the fuselage 10, the rudder shafts 40 are provided with a streamlined covering 46.

Claims (6)

  1. Sailboat with at least one mast of edged cross-section supported in a hull, which is adjustable about its axis and in top view forms Part of a Profiled sail having an airfoil contour, said mast being disposed at about the longitudinal center of the profiled sail and comprising several generally horizontal sail beams, which in top view corresponding to an airfoil contour, are kept in vertically displaceable manner at the mast and are mutually connected with each other by sail segments, characterized by following features:
    a) said airfoil contour including the separate sail beams (68, 76, 80, 84) comprises at its front end and at its rear end laterally pivotable front and rear flap sections (90-96), each of which at the front end and at the rear end, respectively, are adjustable about a vertical hinge axis disposed at the front and rear end, respectively, of a main section of each sail beam displaceable along said mast (60) by drive means for optimum adaption to the wind conditions;
    b) the top sail beam (68) can be pulled up by cable means (70) guided at the mast (60) as far as an uppermost position, while the sail beams disposed thereunder each are connected to the next higher sail beam by sail segments (74, 78, 82) fixed to said sail beams;
    c) the sail segments (74, 78, 82) can be individually reefed by being automatically conducted folding together in bellow-like manner between two adjacent sail beams (68-76, 76-80, 80-84), while the sail segments remaining extended each are downwardly displaceable about the height of the reefed sail segments at the mast (60).
  2. Sailboat according to claim 1, characterized in that the mast (60) forming part of the profiled sail consists of a profiled pipe and is held displaceable about its axis in the hull.
  3. Sailboat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each sail beam (76, 80, 84) is connected by at least one cable with winch motor to the next higher sail beam for reefing the respective sail segment.
  4. Sailboat according to one of the preceeding claims, characterized in that at the section of each sail beam (78, 80, 84) disposed forwardly of the mast (60) a front frame Part is provided and pivotable about a vertical axis (86) by remote controlled drive means.
  5. Sailboat according to one of the preceeding claims, characterized in that each sail segment (74, 78, 82) extending between one sail beam and the next higher sail beam comprises a first sail cloth enclosing the front frame parts and a second sail cloth enclosing the main sections.
  6. Sailboat according to one of the preceeding claims, characterized in that the lowermost sail beam (84) is formed as trough to accomodate therein the reefed sail or parts thereof.
EP86105247A 1986-04-16 1986-04-16 Sail boat Expired - Lifetime EP0242408B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8686105247T DE3680325D1 (en) 1986-04-16 1986-04-16 SAILING BOAT.
EP86105247A EP0242408B1 (en) 1986-04-16 1986-04-16 Sail boat
AT86105247T ATE65226T1 (en) 1986-04-16 1986-04-16 SAILBOAT.
US07/038,691 US4796554A (en) 1986-04-16 1987-04-15 Sailboat
JP62094254A JPS62251294A (en) 1986-04-16 1987-04-16 Yacht
AU71761/87A AU597862B2 (en) 1986-04-16 1987-04-16 Sailboat

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86105247A EP0242408B1 (en) 1986-04-16 1986-04-16 Sail boat

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EP0242408A1 EP0242408A1 (en) 1987-10-28
EP0242408B1 true EP0242408B1 (en) 1991-07-17

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EP86105247A Expired - Lifetime EP0242408B1 (en) 1986-04-16 1986-04-16 Sail boat

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US (1) US4796554A (en)
EP (1) EP0242408B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62251294A (en)
AT (1) ATE65226T1 (en)
AU (1) AU597862B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3680325D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2067789T3 (en) * 1991-04-29 1995-04-01 Wilhelm Brinkmann PROFILED CANDLE.
US5517940A (en) * 1995-05-08 1996-05-21 Beyer; Jay R. Variable width multi-hulled boat with telescoping mast
DE10018981C2 (en) * 2000-04-17 2002-02-14 Friedrich Schardt water craft
DE10157277A1 (en) * 2001-11-22 2003-06-12 Verbickis Leonidas The ship

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DE957723C (en) *
CH100101A (en) * 1921-07-04 1923-07-02 Eisen & Stahlwerke Ag Vormals Georg Fischer Wheel with a removable rim for automobiles etc.
GB381830A (en) * 1932-02-26 1932-10-13 Alfred Claude La Riviere Improvements in or relating to masts, booms, struts or spars
GB492450A (en) * 1937-04-01 1938-09-21 John Thomas Improvement in sailing boats
GB521734A (en) * 1937-11-27 1940-05-29 Fredrik Ljungstroem Improvements in or relating to hulls of boats, ships or the like
FR889560A (en) * 1943-01-05 1944-01-13 High-performance aeromotor or aerodynamic wing for all ships
US2858788A (en) * 1955-05-23 1958-11-04 Aero Nautical Boat Shop Inc Water craft
FR1406604A (en) * 1964-06-09 1965-07-23 Hydrodyamic lift device to compensate for overturning torques applied to boats
FR1464877A (en) * 1965-11-23 1967-01-06 Conservatoire Nat Arts Improvements to vehicles powered by natural wind
US3381647A (en) * 1966-10-12 1968-05-07 Keeler Harry Full airfoil sail
FR2149687A5 (en) * 1971-08-13 1973-03-30 Michel Raymond
DE2218622A1 (en) * 1972-04-18 1973-11-08 Hamburgische Schiffbau Versuch OARS AND ANCHOR RIBS FOR WATER VEHICLES
DE2221421A1 (en) * 1972-05-02 1973-11-15 Klepper Werke KAYAK
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE65226T1 (en) 1991-08-15
AU7176187A (en) 1987-10-22
DE3680325D1 (en) 1991-08-22
EP0242408A1 (en) 1987-10-28
US4796554A (en) 1989-01-10
JPS62251294A (en) 1987-11-02
AU597862B2 (en) 1990-06-07

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