EP0151231A2 - Aerofoil type sail for sail vehicles - Google Patents
Aerofoil type sail for sail vehicles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0151231A2 EP0151231A2 EP84113182A EP84113182A EP0151231A2 EP 0151231 A2 EP0151231 A2 EP 0151231A2 EP 84113182 A EP84113182 A EP 84113182A EP 84113182 A EP84113182 A EP 84113182A EP 0151231 A2 EP0151231 A2 EP 0151231A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mast
- sail
- profile
- rig according
- rig
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
- B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
- B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
- B63H9/061—Rigid sails; Aerofoil sails
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rig for sailed water and land vehicles, which corresponds in shape and effect to an aircraft wing, stands upright on the vehicle, and can be sailed on both sides by a mast that can be rotated through 360 ° and a device for trimming the sail profile belly.
- the conventional sails - frame and triangular sails - are two-dimensional surfaces that bulge when the wind blows against them. They form a suction side in lee and a pressure side in windward.
- the suction side in lee is, as with aircraft hydrofoils, decisive for propulsion (lift).
- the disadvantage of this two-dimensional Riggs is that when triangular sails the rear half of the sail at close-hauled, -and space wind courses generates no propulsive, but reinforced Kraen 9 ung causes of the vessel and thus brakes the forward motion. In the case of fore-wind courses, only the windward side (pressure side) effects the propulsion.
- the invention has for its object to provide a rig that optimizes the advantages of both types of sail, but avoids the disadvantages.
- the pressure difference between the windward and leeward side is greater than with conventional rigs with the same sail area.
- the pressure difference depends on the different lengths of travel that the incoming air has to cover on the leeward and windward side of the sail. Since it tries to meet again on the leech, the air flow on the windward side must be faster.
- the rig according to the invention is therefore designed as a three-dimensional hollow sail, in which the shortest connection between the front and rear leech, the straight line, was selected on the windward side.
- the existing wind forces are better used for propulsion.
- the hydrofoil shape not only provides greater propulsion, but propulsion can also be achieved at smaller angles of attack to the wind than with two-dimensional sails. This means that the vehicle can travel a greater height to the incoming wind, and therefore shorter distances in the cross than a vehicle with a conventional rig. Because of the smaller angle to the wind, the heel is also lower and therefore the driving resistance is smaller.
- the advantages of the rig according to the invention lie in front of the wind in the symmetry of the sail surface to the mast.
- the sail pressure point lies in the mast axis.
- the rig according to the invention has the advantage over all two-dimensional canvas sails that it does not kill due to the internal rigidity or collapse in light winds.
- the rig according to the invention is suitable for all sailed vehicles of all sizes.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Rigg für besegelte Wasser-und Landfahrzeuge, das in Form und Wirkung einem Flugzeugtragflügel entspricht, aufrecht auf dem Fahrzeug steht, und durch einen um 360° drehbaren Mast und einer Vorrichtung zum Trimmen des Segelprofilbauches beidseitig besegelbar ist.The invention relates to a rig for sailed water and land vehicles, which corresponds in shape and effect to an aircraft wing, stands upright on the vehicle, and can be sailed on both sides by a mast that can be rotated through 360 ° and a device for trimming the sail profile belly.
Die herkömmlichen Segel - Rah -und Dreiecksegel - sind zweidimensionale Flächen, die sich wölben, wenn sie vom Wind angeströmt werden. Sie bilden eine Sogseite in Lee und eine Druckseite in Luv. Die Sogseite in Lee ist wie bei Flugzeugtragflügeln für den Vortrieb (Auftrieb) bestimmend. Der Nachteil dieses zweidimensionalen Riggs liegt darin, daß bei Dreiecksegeln die hintere Hälfte des Segels bei Am-Wind,-und Raum-Wind-Kursen keinen Vortrieb erzeugt, sondern verstärkte Krän9ung des Schiffes bewirkt und somit die Vorwärtsbewegung bremst. Bei Vorm-Wind-Kursen bewirkt lediglich die Luvseite (Druckseite) den Vortrieb. Bei Dreiecksegeln liegt der Segeldruckpunkt immer außerhalb der Fahrzeugmitte, selbst platt vor dem Wind muß gegengesteuert werden, was den Vortrieb bremst. Vor dem Wind ist das "altertümliche" Rahsegel dem Dreiecksegel aus Gründen der symetrischen Segelfläche überlegen. Die Nachteile des Rahsegels liegen hauptsächlich darin, daß es nicht so hoch am Wind gesegelt werden kann wie ein Dreiecksegel.The conventional sails - frame and triangular sails - are two-dimensional surfaces that bulge when the wind blows against them. They form a suction side in lee and a pressure side in windward. The suction side in lee is, as with aircraft hydrofoils, decisive for propulsion (lift). The disadvantage of this two-dimensional Riggs is that when triangular sails the rear half of the sail at close-hauled, -and space wind courses generates no propulsive, but reinforced Kraen 9 ung causes of the vessel and thus brakes the forward motion. In the case of fore-wind courses, only the windward side (pressure side) effects the propulsion. With triangular sails, the sail pressure point is always outside the center of the vehicle, even against the wind, countermeasures must be taken, which slows down propulsion. In the face of the wind, the "ancient" frame sail is superior to the triangular sail for reasons of symmetrical sail area. The main disadvantage of the square sail is that it cannot be sailed as high on the wind as a triangular sail.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Rigg zu schaffen, das die Vorteile beider Segelformen optimiert, die Nachteile aber vermeidet.The invention has for its object to provide a rig that optimizes the advantages of both types of sail, but avoids the disadvantages.
Bei dem erfindungsmäßigen Rigg ist der Druckunterschied zwischen Luv- und Leeseite größer als bei herkömmlichen Riggs gleicher Segelfläche. Der Druckunterschied ist bekanntlich abhängig von den unterschiedlich langen Wegen, die die angeströmte Luft an der Lee-und Luvseite des Segels zurücklegen muß. Da sie bestrebt ist, am Achterliek wieder zusammenzutreffen, muß die Luftströmung an der Luvseite schneller sein.With the rig according to the invention, the pressure difference between the windward and leeward side is greater than with conventional rigs with the same sail area. As is well known, the pressure difference depends on the different lengths of travel that the incoming air has to cover on the leeward and windward side of the sail. Since it tries to meet again on the leech, the air flow on the windward side must be faster.
Es entsteht ein Unterdruck, und dieser Sog bewirkt den Vortrieb. Bei zweidimensionalen Segeln ist der Weg, den die Luftströmung an der Leeseite zurücklegen muß nur wenig länger als in Luv. Das erfindungsmäßige Rigg ist deshalb als dreidimensionales Hohlsegel ausgebildet, in dem an der Luvseite die kürzeste Verbindung zwischen Vorder-und Achterliek, die Gerade, gewählt wurde. Die vorhandenen Windkräfte werden besser zumvortrieb genutzt. Die Tragflügelform bringt zudem nicht nur größeren Vortrieb, sondern der Vortrieb ist auch schon bei kleineren Anstellwinkeln zum Wind erreichbar als bei zweidimensionalen Segeln. Damit kann das Fahrzeug eine größere Höhe zum einfallenden Wind fahren, und damit in der Kreuz kürzere Wege als ein Fahrzeug mit herkömmlichem Rigg. Wegen des kleineren Winkels zum Wind ist auch die Krängung geringer und damit der Fahrtwiderstand kleiner.A negative pressure is created and this suction causes the propulsion. With two-dimensional sails, the distance the air flow has to travel on the leeward side is only slightly longer than in windward. The rig according to the invention is therefore designed as a three-dimensional hollow sail, in which the shortest connection between the front and rear leech, the straight line, was selected on the windward side. The existing wind forces are better used for propulsion. The hydrofoil shape not only provides greater propulsion, but propulsion can also be achieved at smaller angles of attack to the wind than with two-dimensional sails. This means that the vehicle can travel a greater height to the incoming wind, and therefore shorter distances in the cross than a vehicle with a conventional rig. Because of the smaller angle to the wind, the heel is also lower and therefore the driving resistance is smaller.
Vorm Wind liegen die Vorteile des erfindungsmäßigen Riggs in der Symetrie der Segelfläche zum Mast. Der Segeldruckpunkt liegt in der Mastachse. Bei einer Halse muß nicht wie beim Dreiecksegel der Großbaum herübergeholt werden, sondern das Segel liegt immer im Wind, d.h. das Fahrzeug verliert in keiner Phase des Manövers den Vortrieb und liegt deshalb immer gut im Ruder. In der Praxis kann deshalb eine Wende gegen den Wind entfallen.The advantages of the rig according to the invention lie in front of the wind in the symmetry of the sail surface to the mast. The sail pressure point lies in the mast axis. With a jibe, the large boom does not have to be brought over as with the triangular sail, but the sail is always in the wind, i.e. the vehicle does not lose propulsion in any phase of the maneuver and is therefore always well under control. In practice, a turn against the wind can therefore be omitted.
Ferner hat das erfindungsmäßige Rigg den Vorteil gegenüber allen zweidimensionalen Tuchsegeln, daß es durch die innere Steifheit nicht killt oder bei Schwachwind zusammenfällt.Furthermore, the rig according to the invention has the advantage over all two-dimensional canvas sails that it does not kill due to the internal rigidity or collapse in light winds.
Im Gegensatz zum Flugzeug muß beim Segelfahrzeug das den Vortrieb erzeugende Segel veränderbar sein:
- 1) Im Anstellwinkel zum Wind nach dem zu steuernden Kurs
- 2) In der Form des Segelprofilbauches (bei Schwachwind bauchiger, bei Starkwind und hoch am Wind flacher) und je nach Steuerbord- oder Backbordbug
- 3) Es muß verkleinert und ganz geborgen werden können.
- 1) At the angle of attack to the wind according to the course to be steered
- 2) In the shape of the sail profile belly (bulbous in light winds, flatter in strong winds and flatter in high winds) and depending on the starboard or port bow
- 3) It must be reduced in size and completely salvaged.
Die Erfindung löst dieses dadurch, daß das Rigg nicht wie beim Flugzeug starr ist, sondern durch Profilteile, die rechtwinklig zum Profilmast über diesen geschoben sind, und so ein Gerippe bilden, über das die Segelhülle gespannt ist.
- zu 1) Das Rigg ist durch den um 360° drehbaren Mast jeder Wind - und Kursänderung anzupassen.
- zu 2) Die Profilteile bestehen aus einer starren Sehne A, aus einem biegsamen Kreissegment B, das an den Enden durch ein Gelenk mit den Enden der Sehne A verbunden ist. Ein inneres, starres Kreissegment C über der Mitte der Sehne A versteift die Sehne A, und über den Profilmast geschoben dient sie der Führung der Profilteile am Mast. An der Innenseite des Kreissegments B sind an den Punkten E Falls angebracht, die durch Rollen an den Punkten F zum Mastfuß laufen. Das Spannen der Falls auf einer Seite bewirkt, daß das biegsame Kreissegment B auf der anderen Seite einen Bauch bildet. Durch unterschiedliches Spannen der Falls läßt sich der Bauch des Kreissegments nach allen Erfordernissen vom Mastfuß aus trimmen.
- zu 3) Die Segelfläche läßt sich beliebig verkleinern, dadurch, daß das gesamte Segel am obersten Profilteil mittels eines Falls, das unterhalb des Tops über eine Rolle durch das Hohlrohr im Profilmast zum Mastfuß läuft, durch eine öffnung austritt und mittels einer Winde auf- und niedergeholt wird. Beim Niederholen legen sich die Profilteile mit dem Segel aufeinander und werden am untersten Profilteil festgezurrt. Bei zu starkem Wind wird das gesamte Segel niedergeholt, indem die Profilteile auf den unteren, vom Mast unabhängig, drehbaren Teil des Profilmastes geschoben und festgezurrt werden. Jetzt wird nur mit dem Profilmast gesegelt.
- to 1) The rig can be adjusted to any wind and course change due to the 360 ° rotating mast.
- to 2) The profile parts consist of a rigid tendon A, of a flexible circular segment B, which is connected at the ends by a joint to the ends of the tendon A. An inner, rigid circular segment C above the middle of the tendon A stiffens the tendon A, and when pushed over the profile mast, it serves to guide the profile parts on the mast. At the points E on the inside of the circular segment B there are attached falls that roll through the points F to the mast base. Tensioning the falls on one side causes the flexible circular segment B to form a belly on the other side. The belly of the circular segment can be trimmed from the mast base according to all requirements by tensioning the falls differently.
- to 3) The sail area can be reduced arbitrarily, by the fact that the entire sail on the top profile part exits through an opening by means of a case that runs below the top over a roller through the hollow tube in the profile mast to the mast base, and up and down using a winch is brought down. When pulling down, the profile parts lie on top of each other with the sail and are lashed to the lowest profile part. If the wind is too strong, the entire sail is brought down by sliding the profile parts onto the lower part of the profile mast, which can be rotated independently of the mast, and lashing it down. Now you only sail with the mast.
Das erfindungsmäßige Rigg ist geeignet für alle besegelten Fahrzeuge jeder Größe.The rig according to the invention is suitable for all sailed vehicles of all sizes.
Es wäre denkbar, das erfindungsmäßige Rigg als Antrieb oder Teilantrieb für Frachtschiffe und Tanker, die nicht im Fahrplan gebundenen Linienverkehr fahren, einzusetzen, um Energie zu sparen. Der Vorteil des erfindungsmäßigen Riggs gegenüber allen anderen Riggs ist:
- Bessere Windausnützung
- Geringer Bedienungspersonalaufwand, weil die Bedienung weitgehend maschinell erfolgen kann und alle Bedienungselemente unter Deck liegen können.
- Die bei Großseglern erforderliche umfangreiche Takelage entfällt, und behindert nicht die Lösch- und Ladevorgänge.
- Das gesamte Segel kann im Bedarfsfall unter Deck geborgen werden und bietet so keinen Fahrtwiderstand.
- Die Profilmasten können bei Starkwind auf günstigen Kursen zum Antrieb genutzt oder auf ungünsti.gen Kursen gesteuert oder freilaufend im günstigsten Winkel zum Wind gestellt werden.
- Better use of wind
- Low operating personnel expenditure, because the operation can largely be done mechanically and all operating elements can be below deck.
- The extensive rigging required for tall ships is eliminated and does not hinder the extinguishing and loading processes.
- If necessary, the entire sail can be salvaged below deck and thus offers no drag.
- In strong winds, the profile masts can be used to drive on favorable courses or controlled on unfavorable courses or can be placed freely at the most favorable angle to the wind.
Claims (21)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19843401787 DE3401787A1 (en) | 1984-01-19 | 1984-01-19 | WINGED RIGG FOR SAILING VEHICLES |
DE3401787 | 1984-01-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0151231A2 true EP0151231A2 (en) | 1985-08-14 |
EP0151231A3 EP0151231A3 (en) | 1985-10-09 |
Family
ID=6225381
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84113182A Withdrawn EP0151231A3 (en) | 1984-01-19 | 1984-11-02 | Aerofoil type sail for sail vehicles |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0151231A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3401787A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9004412U1 (en) * | 1990-04-18 | 1990-09-13 | Wiese, Andreas, 53175 Bonn | Solar telescope sail wings with computer-controlled automation for ships and boats |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3738101A1 (en) * | 1987-11-10 | 1989-05-24 | Lutz Dechend | WING SAIL FOR SAILING VEHICLES |
US4843987A (en) * | 1988-04-07 | 1989-07-04 | Samuels Harris J | Heel counteracting airfoil |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1464877A (en) * | 1965-11-23 | 1967-01-06 | Conservatoire Nat Arts | Improvements to vehicles powered by natural wind |
FR1536490A (en) * | 1967-07-18 | 1968-08-16 | Wind propulsion device of a marine or land vehicle | |
GB1184914A (en) * | 1966-04-28 | 1970-03-18 | Albert Marie Gabriel D Galbert | Pivotal Rigging for Sailing Boats and Sail Propelled Vehicles |
GB2088308A (en) * | 1980-11-21 | 1982-06-09 | Wainwright Barry | Aerofoil sail |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3381647A (en) * | 1966-10-12 | 1968-05-07 | Keeler Harry | Full airfoil sail |
DE2356426A1 (en) * | 1973-11-12 | 1975-05-15 | Ludwig Naake | Main sail for water craft - has trapezoidal symmetrical shape to take advantage of wind on both sides |
US4369724A (en) * | 1980-08-05 | 1983-01-25 | John Weiss | Wingsail |
US4341176A (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1982-07-27 | Orrison William W | Air foil with reversible camber |
-
1984
- 1984-01-19 DE DE19843401787 patent/DE3401787A1/en active Granted
- 1984-11-02 EP EP84113182A patent/EP0151231A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1464877A (en) * | 1965-11-23 | 1967-01-06 | Conservatoire Nat Arts | Improvements to vehicles powered by natural wind |
GB1184914A (en) * | 1966-04-28 | 1970-03-18 | Albert Marie Gabriel D Galbert | Pivotal Rigging for Sailing Boats and Sail Propelled Vehicles |
FR1536490A (en) * | 1967-07-18 | 1968-08-16 | Wind propulsion device of a marine or land vehicle | |
GB2088308A (en) * | 1980-11-21 | 1982-06-09 | Wainwright Barry | Aerofoil sail |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9004412U1 (en) * | 1990-04-18 | 1990-09-13 | Wiese, Andreas, 53175 Bonn | Solar telescope sail wings with computer-controlled automation for ships and boats |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3401787A1 (en) | 1984-11-08 |
DE3401787C2 (en) | 1988-04-21 |
EP0151231A3 (en) | 1985-10-09 |
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