EP0220518A2 - Préparation d'esters de 2,3-dicarboxylique-pyridines substitués et disubstitués - Google Patents
Préparation d'esters de 2,3-dicarboxylique-pyridines substitués et disubstitués Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0220518A2 EP0220518A2 EP86113409A EP86113409A EP0220518A2 EP 0220518 A2 EP0220518 A2 EP 0220518A2 EP 86113409 A EP86113409 A EP 86113409A EP 86113409 A EP86113409 A EP 86113409A EP 0220518 A2 EP0220518 A2 EP 0220518A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substituted
- preparation
- formula
- phenyl
- diethyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 0 C*(C(C1OC)C(*)=*C(CN=O)C1N=O)=C Chemical compound C*(C(C1OC)C(*)=*C(CN=O)C1N=O)=C 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/54—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/55—Acids; Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/79—Acids; Esters
- C07D213/80—Acids; Esters in position 3
Definitions
- Literature methods for preparing 5,6-dialkyl and 5,6-alkyl-arylpyridine-2,3-dicarboxylates are limited, often requiring oxidation of alkyl or aryl substituents at positions 2 and 3 in order to obtain diacids.
- R. Jones, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73, 4380 (1951) describes a method in which reaction of a primary enamine yields 6-alkyl-pyridine 2,3-dicarboxylates which contain electron withdrawing substituents such as COCH 3 , CN or CO 2 Et in the 5-position.
- Pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylates are useful intermediates for the preparation of herbicidal 2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) nicotinic acids, esters and salts such as those disclosed in European Patent Application Number 81103638.3 filed December 1, 1981, as illustrated in Flow Diagram I below.
- R is C,-C4 alkyl
- R 2 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl
- R, and R2 when R, and R2 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached they may represent C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with methyl
- W is 0 or S
- R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen, halogen C 1 -C 6 straight or branched alkyl, alkenyl, or phenyl optionally substituted
- R s and R 6 are each C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
- the present invention is a novel method for the preparation of substituted and disubstituted pyridine 2,3-dicarboxylates of formula I wherein R 3 is hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 6 straight or branched alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, or substituted-phenyl; R 4 and R 7 are each hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 straight or branched alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, or substituted-phenyl; R 5 and R 6 are each C 1 -C 4 alkyl; comprising reacting an ⁇ -halo- ⁇ -ketoester of formula II wherein R 5 and R 6 are defined above and X is halogen preferably CI with an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated aldehyde or ketone of formula III wherein R 3 , R4 and R 7 as described for in formula I above in the presence of a minimum of 2 molar equivalents of an ammonium salt in an organic solvent, in a temperature range of ambient temperature
- Solvents suitable for use in the method of this invention include: water, alcohols, chlorinated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, organic acids, esters, and aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile.
- pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylates containing substituents in the 4-, 5-and 6-position may conveniently be prepared by admixing essentially equimolar amounts of a formula II ⁇ -halo-ketoester and a formula III ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated aldehyde or ketone with a minimum of 2 molar equivalents of an ammonium salt in a suitable solvent, and stirring the resulting reaction mixture at a temperature in the range of ambient temperature to the boiling point of the solvent, and preferrably at reflux, until the reaction is essentially complete and isolating the thus-formed 4-substituted, 4,5-disubstituted, 5-substituted, 6-substituted or 5,6- disubstituted pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate by standard laboratory techniques such as extraction, evaporation or column chromatography.
- the method of the present invention is suitable for the preparation of substituted nicotiriates of formula IV below wherein R3, R 4 , R 6 and R, are as described for formula I; and R 8 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl; comprising reacting an a-halo- ⁇ -ketoester of formula V wherein R 6 and R 8 are as defined for formula IV above, with an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated aldehyde or ketone of formula III.
- Formula IV nicotinates are also useful intermediates for the preparation of herbicidal 2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) nicotinic acids, esters and salts by reaction with an aminocarboxamide in the presence of at least 3 equivalents of sulfur as described in United States Patent 4,474,962 or by oxidation of R 8 , for example, by the procedure described in United States Patent 4,459,409, to yield the pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid compounds of formula I above.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT86113409T ATE60758T1 (de) | 1985-10-28 | 1986-09-30 | Herstellung von substituierten und disubstituierten estern von pyridin-2,3dicarbons|uren. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US791671 | 1985-10-28 | ||
US06/791,671 US4723011A (en) | 1985-10-28 | 1985-10-28 | Preparation of substituted and disubstituted-pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate esters |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0220518A2 true EP0220518A2 (fr) | 1987-05-06 |
EP0220518A3 EP0220518A3 (en) | 1988-03-30 |
EP0220518B1 EP0220518B1 (fr) | 1991-02-06 |
Family
ID=25154435
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86113409A Expired - Lifetime EP0220518B1 (fr) | 1985-10-28 | 1986-09-30 | Préparation d'esters de 2,3-dicarboxylique-pyridines substitués et disubstitués |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4723011A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0220518B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH0768216B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR940001774B1 (fr) |
AR (1) | AR241244A1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE60758T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU592379B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR8605210A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1274831A (fr) |
CS (1) | CS259894B2 (fr) |
DD (1) | DD254000A5 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3634975C2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK163505C (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2000910A6 (fr) |
HU (1) | HU198909B (fr) |
IE (1) | IE59324B1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL80284A (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA868167B (fr) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2595354A1 (fr) * | 1986-03-10 | 1987-09-11 | Shell Int Research | Preparation de composes heterocycliques |
EP0274379A2 (fr) * | 1987-01-06 | 1988-07-13 | Sugai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Procédé de préparation de dérivés d'acide pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylique |
EP0357792A1 (fr) * | 1988-03-18 | 1990-03-14 | Sugai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Procede de preparation de composes de l'acide pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylique |
EP0415767A2 (fr) * | 1989-08-31 | 1991-03-06 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Procédé pour la préparation de dérivés d'acide pyridine-carboxylique |
EP0461401A1 (fr) * | 1990-06-15 | 1991-12-18 | American Cyanamid Company | Procédé pour la préparation des esters dialcoyliques 2,3-dicarboxy-pyridine et leurs dérivés à partir des esters dichloromaléiques |
US5175300A (en) * | 1988-03-18 | 1992-12-29 | Sugai Chemical Ind. Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid compounds |
EP0564083A1 (fr) * | 1992-03-30 | 1993-10-06 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Conversion d'esters d'acide pyridine-2,3-dicarboxyliques en leur anhydrides cycliques |
DE102005022043B3 (de) * | 2005-05-09 | 2006-09-28 | MAE Maschinen- und Apparatebau Götzen GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Richten eines länglichen Werkstückes |
US8161289B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2012-04-17 | SanDisk Technologies, Inc. | Voice controlled portable memory storage device |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0625116B2 (ja) * | 1987-07-08 | 1994-04-06 | ダイソー株式会社 | ピリジン−2,3−ジカルボン酸誘導体の製造法 |
US4871859A (en) * | 1988-03-02 | 1989-10-03 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Process for preparing pyridine carboxylic acid esters |
US5047542A (en) * | 1988-07-01 | 1991-09-10 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Process for preparing pyridine carboxylic acid esters |
WO1989008103A1 (fr) * | 1988-03-02 | 1989-09-08 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Procede de preparation d'esters d'acide carboxylique de pyridine |
DE3840554A1 (de) * | 1988-12-01 | 1990-06-13 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von pyridin-2,3-dicarbonsaeureestern |
US4925944A (en) * | 1989-03-21 | 1990-05-15 | American Cyanamid Company | Process for the preparation of o-carboxypyridyl- and o-carboxyquinolylimidazolinones |
US5405987A (en) * | 1989-08-31 | 1995-04-11 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Process for preparing pyridine and quinoline derivatives |
US5322948A (en) * | 1989-08-31 | 1994-06-21 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Process for preparing pyridinecarboxylic acid derivatives |
US5118809A (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1992-06-02 | American Cyanamid Company | Process for the preparation of substituted and unsubstituted-2,3-pyridinedicarboxylates from chloromaleate or chlorofumarate or mixtures thereof |
US5225560A (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1993-07-06 | American Cyanamid Company | Process for the preparation of dialkyl pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate and derivatives thereof from dialkyl dichlorosuccinate |
US5124458A (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1992-06-23 | American Cyanamid Company | Process for the preparation of dialkyl pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate and derivatives thereof from dialkyl dichlorosuccinate |
US5122608A (en) * | 1990-12-19 | 1992-06-16 | American Cyanamid Company | Method for the preparation of substituted and unsubstituted 2,3-pyridine and quinolinedicarboxylic acids |
US5281713A (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1994-01-25 | American Cyanamid Company | Process for the manufacture of 2-alkoxymethylacrolein |
US5276157A (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1994-01-04 | American Cyanamid Company | Process for the purification of 2,3-pyridine and quinolinedicarboxylic acid diester compounds |
US5177266A (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1993-01-05 | American Cyanamid Company | Proccess for the manufacture of 2-alkoxymethylacrolein |
DE4343923A1 (de) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-06-29 | Basf Ag | Pyridin-2,3-dicarbonsäureimide, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung zur Bekämpfung unerwünschten Pflanzenwuchses |
JPH11508918A (ja) * | 1995-07-11 | 1999-08-03 | レイリー・インダストリーズ・インコーポレーテッド | キノリン塩基の製造方法 |
NZ314904A (en) * | 1996-06-10 | 1998-06-26 | American Cyanamid Co | Preparation of a herbicidal [(5,6-dicarboxy-3-pyridyl)methyl]ammonium halide |
US5892050A (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 1999-04-06 | American Cyanamid Company | Process for the preparation of pyridine dicarboxylate derivatives |
US5925764A (en) * | 1998-06-15 | 1999-07-20 | Wu; Wen-Xue | Process and intermediated for the manufacture of pyridine-2, 3-dicarboxylate compounds |
US6080867A (en) * | 1998-06-15 | 2000-06-27 | American Cyanamid Company | Process and intermediates for the manufacture of pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate compounds |
US7795439B2 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2010-09-14 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | In-situ treatment of pyridine 2,3-dicarboxylic acid esters with an oxidizing agent |
CN103373958B (zh) * | 2012-04-18 | 2015-11-04 | 中国中化股份有限公司 | 5-乙基吡啶-2,3-二甲酸二乙酯的制备方法 |
EP3782985A1 (fr) | 2019-08-19 | 2021-02-24 | BASF Agrochemical Products B.V. | Procédé de fabrication de dérivés d'acide 5-méthoxyméthylpyridine-2,3-dicarboxylique |
CN115403518A (zh) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-11-29 | 浙江伟锋药业有限公司 | 一种5-烷基吡啶-2,3-二羧酸酯的连续流合成工艺 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4460776A (en) * | 1982-05-25 | 1984-07-17 | American Cyanamid Company | Process for the preparation of 6-substituted-2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid diesters |
EP0127883A2 (fr) * | 1983-06-02 | 1984-12-12 | American Cyanamid Company | (2-Imidazolin-2-yl)thiéno- et furo (2,3-b) et (3,2-b) pyridines et intermédiaires pour sa préparation et leur utilisation comme agents herbicides |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2453305A1 (de) * | 1973-12-05 | 1975-06-12 | Heyden Chem Fab | Neue hydrazine, hydrazide und hydrazone von pyrazolo(3,4-b)pyridin-6-carbonsaeuren und -carbonsaeureestern und ihre salze |
US4748244A (en) * | 1984-05-11 | 1988-05-31 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Process for the preparation of pyridine-2-3-dicarboxylic acid derivatives, and novel 1-amino-1,4-dihydropyridine-2-3-diarboxylic acid derivatives |
-
1985
- 1985-10-28 US US06/791,671 patent/US4723011A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1986
- 1986-09-16 AR AR86305709A patent/AR241244A1/es active
- 1986-09-30 EP EP86113409A patent/EP0220518B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-09-30 AT AT86113409T patent/ATE60758T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-01 IE IE260586A patent/IE59324B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-10 IL IL80284A patent/IL80284A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-14 DE DE3634975A patent/DE3634975C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-10-17 KR KR1019860008743A patent/KR940001774B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-24 CA CA000521312A patent/CA1274831A/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-10-24 BR BR8605210A patent/BR8605210A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-24 DD DD86295575A patent/DD254000A5/de unknown
- 1986-10-24 JP JP61252107A patent/JPH0768216B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-10-27 ZA ZA868167A patent/ZA868167B/xx unknown
- 1986-10-27 CS CS867743A patent/CS259894B2/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-27 AU AU64415/86A patent/AU592379B2/en not_active Expired
- 1986-10-27 DK DK512586A patent/DK163505C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-27 ES ES8602775A patent/ES2000910A6/es not_active Expired
- 1986-10-28 HU HU864521A patent/HU198909B/hu unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4460776A (en) * | 1982-05-25 | 1984-07-17 | American Cyanamid Company | Process for the preparation of 6-substituted-2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid diesters |
EP0127883A2 (fr) * | 1983-06-02 | 1984-12-12 | American Cyanamid Company | (2-Imidazolin-2-yl)thiéno- et furo (2,3-b) et (3,2-b) pyridines et intermédiaires pour sa préparation et leur utilisation comme agents herbicides |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE1003158A5 (fr) * | 1986-03-10 | 1991-12-17 | Shell Int Research | Preparation de composes heterocycliques. |
FR2595354A1 (fr) * | 1986-03-10 | 1987-09-11 | Shell Int Research | Preparation de composes heterocycliques |
US4973695A (en) * | 1987-01-06 | 1990-11-27 | Sugai Chemical Ind. Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid compounds |
EP0274379A2 (fr) * | 1987-01-06 | 1988-07-13 | Sugai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Procédé de préparation de dérivés d'acide pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylique |
EP0274379A3 (en) * | 1987-01-06 | 1989-09-06 | Sugai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid compounds |
EP0357792A4 (en) * | 1988-03-18 | 1990-09-05 | Sugai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid compounds |
EP0357792A1 (fr) * | 1988-03-18 | 1990-03-14 | Sugai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Procede de preparation de composes de l'acide pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylique |
US5175300A (en) * | 1988-03-18 | 1992-12-29 | Sugai Chemical Ind. Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid compounds |
EP0588372A1 (fr) * | 1988-03-18 | 1994-03-23 | Sugai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Procédé de préparation de composés de l'acide pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylique |
EP0415767A2 (fr) * | 1989-08-31 | 1991-03-06 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Procédé pour la préparation de dérivés d'acide pyridine-carboxylique |
EP0415767A3 (en) * | 1989-08-31 | 1991-09-04 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Process for preparing pyridine carboxylic acid derivatives |
TR24836A (tr) * | 1989-08-31 | 1992-05-01 | Hoechst Celanese Corparation | PIRIDIN KARBOKSILIK ASIT TüREVLERININ HAZIRLANMASI ICIN PROSES |
EP0461401A1 (fr) * | 1990-06-15 | 1991-12-18 | American Cyanamid Company | Procédé pour la préparation des esters dialcoyliques 2,3-dicarboxy-pyridine et leurs dérivés à partir des esters dichloromaléiques |
EP0564083A1 (fr) * | 1992-03-30 | 1993-10-06 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Conversion d'esters d'acide pyridine-2,3-dicarboxyliques en leur anhydrides cycliques |
DE102005022043B3 (de) * | 2005-05-09 | 2006-09-28 | MAE Maschinen- und Apparatebau Götzen GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Richten eines länglichen Werkstückes |
US8161289B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2012-04-17 | SanDisk Technologies, Inc. | Voice controlled portable memory storage device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL80284A0 (en) | 1987-01-30 |
DK512586A (da) | 1987-04-29 |
ZA868167B (en) | 1987-06-24 |
CA1274831A (fr) | 1990-10-02 |
KR870003989A (ko) | 1987-05-06 |
JPS62106081A (ja) | 1987-05-16 |
DK512586D0 (da) | 1986-10-27 |
ES2000910A6 (es) | 1988-03-16 |
ATE60758T1 (de) | 1991-02-15 |
IE862605L (en) | 1987-04-28 |
DD254000A5 (de) | 1988-02-10 |
HUT44016A (en) | 1988-01-28 |
DK163505B (da) | 1992-03-09 |
AU6441586A (en) | 1987-04-30 |
DE3634975C2 (de) | 1997-12-18 |
IL80284A (en) | 1990-07-26 |
KR940001774B1 (ko) | 1994-03-05 |
EP0220518A3 (en) | 1988-03-30 |
CS259894B2 (en) | 1988-11-15 |
IE59324B1 (en) | 1994-02-09 |
BR8605210A (pt) | 1987-07-28 |
DE3634975A1 (de) | 1987-04-30 |
JPH0768216B2 (ja) | 1995-07-26 |
DK163505C (da) | 1992-08-24 |
HU198909B (en) | 1989-12-28 |
AR241244A1 (es) | 1992-03-31 |
EP0220518B1 (fr) | 1991-02-06 |
US4723011A (en) | 1988-02-02 |
AU592379B2 (en) | 1990-01-11 |
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