EP0206098B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung verformbarer Flächengebilde - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung verformbarer Flächengebilde Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0206098B1
EP0206098B1 EP86107905A EP86107905A EP0206098B1 EP 0206098 B1 EP0206098 B1 EP 0206098B1 EP 86107905 A EP86107905 A EP 86107905A EP 86107905 A EP86107905 A EP 86107905A EP 0206098 B1 EP0206098 B1 EP 0206098B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yarn
yarns
filaments
heat treatment
undrawn
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86107905A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0206098A2 (de
EP0206098A3 (en
Inventor
Jorgen Due
Bjarne Graves
Henning Bak
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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Publication date
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Priority to AT86107905T priority Critical patent/ATE76122T1/de
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Publication of EP0206098A3 publication Critical patent/EP0206098A3/de
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
    • D02G1/165—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam characterised by the use of certain filaments or yarns
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/20—Combinations of two or more of the above-mentioned operations or devices; After-treatments for fixing crimp or curl
    • D02G1/205—After-treatments for fixing crimp or curl
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2915—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including textile, cloth or fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the production of preferably three-dimensionally deformable textile fabrics, such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics or knitted fabrics.
  • a preferably three-dimensional deformation of a textile fabric can e.g. by deep drawing, but also by other techniques known per se.
  • Such textile fabrics are e.g. needed as an outer layer or cladding for the interior of motor vehicles and very generally for the cladding of molded plastic parts.
  • the textile fabric can e.g. placed over a metallic inner panel of a door or pressed onto the surface and applied with adhesive.
  • Such textile fabrics can also be used as a covering for furnishings or wherever an uneven, for example relief-like surface is to be covered or covered.
  • Non-woven textiles so-called nonwovens, usually have a high structural elongation and good deformability, which can be improved even further by using undrawn staple fibers or filaments, such as in DE-OS 30 29 752 for the manufacture of technical filters or DE-AS 15 60 797 for the production of imitation leather is described.
  • the nonwovens generally have a uniformly less structured exterior. Textile structures can practically only be indicated by appropriate coloring or embossing.
  • DD-PS 125 918 discloses a process for the production of textile fabrics, in which pre-oriented, undrawn yarns are processed into a fabric by weaving, knitting or knitting and then subjected to a thermomechanical treatment in the fabric.
  • This known method is based on a yarn which is produced without heat treatment and therefore does not have the properties of the yarn used in the method according to the invention, and it leads to normal, ie not irreversibly deformable, textile fabrics.
  • the teaching of DD-PS-125,918 differs from our present invention with regard to the task and also gives no indication of the solution according to the invention.
  • a mouldable, flat textile fiber material which consists of a base part or rear part, which mainly consists of a fiber with a low softening point and / or a highly stretchable fiber, and a pole part or surface part, the mainly consists of a fiber with a high softening point.
  • This material preferably has a laminate structure, the fiber materials being clearly separated from the base part and the pole part.
  • the fiber with a low softening point and high stretchability should be a highly orientable polyamide or polyester fiber with a birefringence of 0.02 to 0.08 or 0.02 to 0.045, which has an elongation at break of 100 to 500%.
  • the document does not give any indication of the use of a yarn which has the combination of properties mentioned in claim 1, in particular the relatively high yield stress, and which is produced under tension by heat treatment following spinning.
  • thermofixing of pre-oriented, undrawn filaments has already been described.
  • DE-OS 28 21 243 describes the production of weft yarns which are intended to protect the belt yarns required in tire manufacture from uneven displacements.
  • special emphasis is placed on reducing free shrinkage at high temperatures, such as those that occur when tires are vulcanized.
  • the suitability of such threads or yarns for textile purposes and in particular the manufacture of irreversibly highly deformable textile fabrics is not apparent from this preliminary literature.
  • this object was achieved by methods in which yarns are processed which contain pre-oriented but undrawn filaments made of polyester and have a number of properties, as was stated in claim 1. Preferred embodiments of such methods and the properties of the required yarn components are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • the process according to the invention requires the use of yarns which contain pre-oriented, undrawn synthetic filaments for the production of textile fabrics which are irreversibly highly deformable, these filaments having birefringence values above 20 ⁇ 10 -3, elongation at break of 70-200% and yield stresses of at least 6 should have cN / tex.
  • the degree of elasticity of such yarns should be less than 50% at a load of 5 cN / tex.
  • the undrawn but preoriented filaments should preferably consist of polyester, in particular of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the desired irreversibly highly deformable textile fabrics can be produced by weaving, knitting or knitting.
  • "Irreversibly highly deformable” is to be understood here as the property of the textile fabric, to yield in the event of deformation, for example during deep drawing, of the applied load and then to remain largely irreversible in the spatial shape desired by the deformation and not, as is the case with an elastic textile fabric the case would be to jump back into the original flat shape of the textile fabric by the restoring forces acting on it.
  • the degree of three-dimensional deformability of a textile fabric depends on a large number of influencing variables, and it is therefore difficult to define it by specifying certain dimensions.
  • the radius of curvature, the depth of the deformation and the material thickness of the textile material have an influence on the deformability.
  • Other influencing variables are, for example, the sliding ability of the material to be deformed, the type of fabric, the thread titer, the thread thickness, etc.
  • "Highly deformable" is therefore to be understood in the present document as a deformability which is at least so great that the interior linings of passenger cars can be covered with such textile fabrics. When it comes to the interior paneling, the door panels and the interior paneling of the roof are particularly important.
  • the yarns required for the production of such textile fabrics are to be produced from synthetic filaments.
  • synthetic filaments In principle it is possible to use differently textured yarns.
  • the low degree of elasticity can be achieved by the yarn according to the present invention. This is usually not the case if the yarn consists of highly elastic, false-wire textured filaments.
  • a particularly suitable method is, for example, the blowing nozzle texturing, in which even bulky yarns with low crimp elongation can be produced.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by the use of yarns which at least partially consist of pre-oriented, undrawn synthetic filaments. These filaments should have an elongation at break of at least 70%, in particular 70-200% and a yield stress of at least 6 cNtex. In preferred embodiments, the elongation at break of these filaments should be between 80 and 160%.
  • the yield stress of these filaments should preferably be at least 7 cN / tex.
  • Yield tension is the yarn tension (tensile force divided by initial titer) at which the force-elongation curve deviates from the initially linear course, that is, at which a change in the length of the threads becomes irreversible. The exact beginning of the irreversible change in length is often difficult to see. Instead, the minimum of the force-strain curve can be used as the value for the flow force. Such a minimum is usually observed after the linear rise and a certain overshoot in the floating point as a horizontal branch of the curve. In this area there is an increase in length without increasing the force. If the filamante is highly pre-oriented, this minimum can only be recognized as a turning point or as a kink in the curve. A determination of the yield stress is possible in any case. For example, if only a slight kink occurs in the force-elongation curve, it will be possible to apply tangents to the different sections of the curve. The intersection of the tangents can then be viewed as the yield stress of this filament.
  • Preoriented, undrawn filaments made of synthetic polymers are usually produced by rapid spinning.
  • the degree of pre-orientation can be characterized by specifying the birefringence.
  • the birefringence of the filaments should preferably be at least 27 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3, in particular even at least 30 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3.
  • These fast-spun threads should preferably not have been additionally subjected to drawing.
  • drawing should also not be associated with a mixing or texturing process of the threads. It is essential that the fast-spun, pre-oriented and undrawn threads are retained with their properties, thus, for example, also have a correspondingly high elongation at break, as stated above.
  • the required yield stress of at least more than 6 cNtex is not achieved by commercially available pre-oriented, undrawn yarns.
  • the yield stress of these threads is significantly below the required limit.
  • the filaments required according to the invention can therefore not be obtained by the usual rapid spinning alone. In addition to rapid spinning, a temperature treatment under tension must be carried out, which leads to an increase in the yield stress, but on the other hand, the elongation at break resulting from rapid spinning can remain essentially unchanged.
  • the yarns required according to the invention have the advantageous property that they can be processed by weaving, knitting or knitting, without the risk of uneven drawing.
  • pre-oriented but still undrawn threads made of synthetic polymers have a greater dyeability than fully drawn filaments.
  • Such threads are processed directly into textile fabrics, however, there are short-term and sectionally high loads which lead to partial re-stretching of the filaments and thus to different dyeability.
  • Such fabrics are also characterized, as already pointed out in the task above, in that they are already can be irreversibly deformed within a wide range using a single deformation process (e.g. deep drawing). Textile fabrics made from such yarns are therefore particularly suitable as a covering or cladding for strongly curved surfaces.
  • a further advantage of the yarns required according to the invention, given the appropriate selection of the thread-forming synthetic polymers, is their heat resistance.
  • the yarns used consist entirely of the filaments with the properties described above, amounts down to 6%, for example, are sufficient, but quantitative ratios of 40-60% by weight of the total denier of the yarn to those formed according to the invention are preferred Filaments.
  • a prerequisite for such processing of yarn components that do not have the properties required according to the invention is that the pre-oriented, undrawn filaments made of synthetic polymers with the specified properties necessary for the invention constitute the load-bearing component in the yarn.
  • blast-textured yarns are particularly preferred. These yarns can be produced for example by means of devices according to DE-OS 23 62 326 and 19 32 706. All filaments can be fed to the texturing nozzle with the same advance, which results in a one-component yarn. Instead of this, however, different leads can also be selected to produce loop effects, resulting in a yarn with a load-bearing and a non-load-bearing component.
  • the supporting component in this case is the filaments formed with the least advance. According to the invention, it is necessary that the pre-oriented, undrawn polyester filaments required according to the invention make up at least part of the load-bearing component. Usually they will consist entirely of the filaments of the invention.
  • the load-bearing component consists of different parts, for example a wrapping yarn or the like.
  • the supporting component consists at least in part of the polyester filaments according to the invention, provided that the undrawn filaments according to the invention determine the behavior of the supporting component during the deformation. Under these conditions it is possible that the yarn can have the required low degree of elasticity of less than 50%.
  • the yarns required according to the invention should only have a low degree of elasticity, which should in any case be less than 50, preferably less than 30%, under a load of 5 cN / tex.
  • the degree of elasticity or the elastic expansion ratio is understood to be the quotient of the elastic expansion and the total expansion for a selected tensile force. In the present case, this tensile force should be 5 cNtex.
  • the degree of elasticity can be determined using known examination methods. The values specified in this document were determined by measurements in accordance with DIN 53835, Part 4, but the tensile force was not only reduced again to the pretensioning force, but was again put under pretensioning force after the thread had been completely relieved and the residual elongation was then determined. This measure gives better reproducible values, since the play that is unavoidable in the measuring apparatus can be switched off. In the standard mentioned, the degree of elasticity is listed under the synonymous name "elongation ratio".
  • the load-bearing component of a textured yarn does not have to consist entirely of the filaments with the properties according to the invention, provided that it is ensured that the shaping or determining part of these components consists of filaments with the properties to be demanded according to the invention.
  • Yarns with a modified cross-section, with different dyeability, etc. can also be used to create effects.
  • yarns from flame-retardant raw materials A possibly lower elongation of the non-load-bearing component can be completely compensated for by an appropriate advance of the yarn. If the lead was correspondingly higher, this component would be present in the form of a loop in the yarn and would only make a minor contribution to the physical properties of the overall yarn.
  • At least one filament yarn made of preoriented, undrawn synthetic filaments with birefringence of at least 20 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 and elongations at break of 70-200% is subjected to a heat treatment at 100-180 ° C under tension. If several yarn components are processed together, it must be ensured that the filament yarn with the properties required according to the invention results in the load-bearing component and is therefore processed with the least advance.
  • Preferred temperature ranges of the heat treatment are within the range of 100-180 ° C, in particular 120-150 ° C. Particularly good results were obtained at around 130 ° C.
  • the heat treatment of the yarns can be carried out, for example, with steam or in hot air.
  • the heat treatment of the yarns wound on packages is carried out in an autoclave using steam. Steaming processes of this type can be combined, for example, with the dyeing of the textured mesh yarn.
  • the heat treatment of the yarn can also be carried out continuously, e.g. by means of a device as shown in U.S. Patent 4,316,370. It should be pointed out here that the heat treatment of the filaments can be carried out before or after a texturing process.
  • the choice of the pre-orientation of the filaments required according to the invention i.e. essentially the winding speed in the rapid spinning process as well as the temperatures of the heat treatment of the fixing process have to be adapted to the respective requirements of the yarn according to the invention. Since, for example, the forces occurring during weaving usually do not increase linearly with the yarn titer, the processing properties can also be adapted to the requirements of further processing by choosing the yarn titer and the percentage distribution between load-bearing and non-load-bearing (e.g. enveloping) components.
  • Example 2 In contrast to Example 1, in which smooth, non-textured yarns were used, textured yarns were produced in this example and in all subsequent examples. This was done with the help of an air nozzle texturing device, as described for example in DE-OS 23 62 326. At least two yarns with different lead lengths were always air-jet textured, ie yarns were produced in each case which had a load-bearing component and a non-load-bearing yarn component and had filaments made from polyethylene terephthalate filaments. Two fast-spun but undrawn polyester threads with a titer of dtex 330f 64, which show a birefringence of 35 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3, served as the load-bearing yarn component.
  • the non-load-bearing component consisted of fully stretched thread material, namely two threads of titer dtex 167f 64 and another thread of titer dtex 167f 32. These three threads were fed to the texturing machine with a lead of 46%.
  • a textured yarn was made according to the state of the art.
  • the non-load-bearing yarn component was identical to the material described above, but the load-bearing component consisted of commercially available, drawn threads, namely two threads with titer 167f 64 were used. These threads were jointly textured with leads of 10 and 46%, respectively, as described above.
  • the blended yarns according to the invention were subjected to a further heat treatment after texturing, namely they were wound on cross-wound bobbins and fixed in an autoclave with steam at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes.
  • the KD curve of the mixed yarn according to the invention was plotted in FIG. 2, namely curve (5) applies to the mixed yarn according to the invention after heat treatment, curve (6) represents the corresponding values for the mixed yarn according to the invention before the heat treatment, while curve (4) shows the properties of the mixed yarn according to the prior art.
  • This mixed yarn had been obtained in the comparative batch without using the filaments required according to the invention.
  • the heat treatment again leads to a very significant improvement in the yield stress of the yarns treated in this way and thus makes the yarn treated according to the invention suitable for further textile processing.
  • the yarn produced according to the invention (curve (5)) has largely retained its extensibility in comparison to conventionally drawn yarns (curve (4)) despite the increase in the yield stress.
  • the degree of elasticity E was plotted against the yarn tension K.
  • the curve (5) relates, just like in FIG. 2, to a yarn according to the invention, that is to say also according to the specified fixing process, which gives the curve (4) the course of the degree of elasticity in a yarn according to the prior art.
  • Example 2 was repeated with two fast spun polyester yarns as the load-bearing component.
  • the single filaments had a birefringence of 35 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3, these yarns were submitted to the air nozzle texturing machine with a lead of 8%.
  • Three yarns also made from polyethylene terephthalate threads were used as fancy yarn, but were stretched and each had a titer of dtex 150f 64. These finished drawn yarns were textured with false wires - in contrast to the smooth delivery yarns for the load-bearing component.
  • This information and the textile values for tensile strength, elongation at break and yield stress obtained before and after the heat treatment according to the invention are recorded in the table below.
  • the designation "V" in the birefringence column indicates that these yarn components are drawn and textured with false wires.
  • Example 3 was repeated, the threads for the load-bearing component being varied. The results are tabulated below.
  • the degree of elasticity was determined before and after heat treatment at a load of 5 cN / tex in run c of Example 5. It was 15% before the heat treatment and 33% after this treatment.
  • the heat treatment was also varied in this example.
  • run a the heat treatment was once in saturated steam at 130 ° C for 10 minutes, while in run b only a saturated steam of 120 ° C was used for 10 minutes (see table below).
  • run b only a saturated steam of 120 ° C was used for 10 minutes (see table below).
  • the non-loadbearing component was varied.
  • run a only finally drawn threads were used, which, however, were not subjected to false wire texturing
  • run b a partial yarn was used for the non-load-bearing component, while two further partial yarns were also drawn but additionally with false wire texturing.
  • the tables also show that the yield stress of the yarns increases by about 50 to 100% under tension by an inventive yarn treatment.
  • sample fabrics were made from polyester blended yarns, namely two fabrics with the same weave and adjustment (twill 2/2) were made from blended yarns according to the invention and from blended yarns according to the prior art.
  • the basis weights were 300 and 339 g / m2, the thread density was 11 / cm.
  • Warp Blower nozzle textured yarn made from the effective dtex 1315f320 titer 2 threads dtex 167f64 (drawn) with 10% advance and 3 threads dtex 167f64 (stretched) with 70% lead
  • Weft Blower nozzle textured yarn of effective titer dtex 1253f288, made from 2 threads dtex 167f64 (drawn) with 10% advance and
  • Warp Blower nozzle textured yarn with the effective titer dtex 1239f160, made from 2 threads dtex 300f32 (pre-oriented, undrawn) with 10% lead 3 threads dtex 167f32 (drawn) with 70% lead
  • Weft Blower nozzle textured yarn with the effective titer dtex 1531f288, made from 2 threads dtex 330f64 (pre-oriented, undrawn) with 10% lead
  • the fabrics produced here according to the invention also show a flatter course of the force-elongation curve, the fabric produced with the blend yarns required according to the invention having an elongation at break of about 60% in the warp and weft directions compared to an elongation at break of 36% of the has fabric made with conventional yarns.
  • the bulge height being determined with a gradual increase in the measuring pressure from 0.5 daN / cm2 to 4.0 daN / cm2.
  • the height of the spherical cap-shaped bulge measured above the center of the test area is initially fairly the same for both tissues, with a greater bulge of the tissue produced according to the invention resulting from a pressure increase.
  • the 20 arch height of the fabric according to the invention at approximately 35 mm, is around 7 mm higher than that of the comparison fabric made from conventional yarns.
  • the fabric produced according to the invention consisted of yarns both in the warp and in the weft direction, the load-bearing components of which consisted of undrawn, pre-oriented polyester filaments.
  • Such fabrics are characterized by a high irreversible deformability in all spatial directions. If, in special cases, only a deformability of the fabric in one direction is desired, there is the option of dispensing with the use of the yarns required according to the invention in the warp or weft direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
EP86107905A 1985-06-14 1986-06-10 Verfahren zur Herstellung verformbarer Flächengebilde Expired - Lifetime EP0206098B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86107905T ATE76122T1 (de) 1985-06-14 1986-06-10 Verfahren zur herstellung verformbarer flaechengebilde.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3521479A DE3521479C1 (de) 1985-06-14 1985-06-14 Verwendung eines Garns zur Herstellung eines verformbaren Flaechengebildes
DE3521479 1985-06-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0206098A2 EP0206098A2 (de) 1986-12-30
EP0206098A3 EP0206098A3 (en) 1989-11-02
EP0206098B1 true EP0206098B1 (de) 1992-05-13

Family

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86107904A Expired - Lifetime EP0206097B1 (de) 1985-06-14 1986-06-10 Garn für verformbare Flächengebilde und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Garns
EP86107905A Expired - Lifetime EP0206098B1 (de) 1985-06-14 1986-06-10 Verfahren zur Herstellung verformbarer Flächengebilde

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86107904A Expired - Lifetime EP0206097B1 (de) 1985-06-14 1986-06-10 Garn für verformbare Flächengebilde und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Garns

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US4861535A (pt)
EP (2) EP0206097B1 (pt)
JP (2) JP2590066B2 (pt)
AT (2) ATE76122T1 (pt)
BR (2) BR8602776A (pt)
DE (3) DE3521479C1 (pt)
DK (2) DK165991B (pt)

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EP0206097A3 (en) 1989-11-02
BR8602776A (pt) 1987-02-10
DK278686D0 (da) 1986-06-13
JP2645649B2 (ja) 1997-08-25
BR8602777A (pt) 1987-02-10
DE3521479C1 (de) 1987-01-02
DK278686A (da) 1986-12-15
DK278786A (da) 1986-12-15
EP0206098A2 (de) 1986-12-30
DK278786D0 (da) 1986-06-13
EP0206097A2 (de) 1986-12-30
ATE78525T1 (de) 1992-08-15
DK165991B (da) 1993-02-22
DE3685264D1 (de) 1992-06-17
DK166092C (da) 1993-07-26
EP0206097B1 (de) 1992-07-22
DE3686098D1 (de) 1992-08-27
DK166092B (da) 1993-03-08
JPS6228423A (ja) 1987-02-06
EP0206098A3 (en) 1989-11-02
US5510184A (en) 1996-04-23
US4861535A (en) 1989-08-29
ATE76122T1 (de) 1992-05-15
JP2590066B2 (ja) 1997-03-12
JPS6228437A (ja) 1987-02-06

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