EP0203260B1 - Machine à pétrir - Google Patents

Machine à pétrir Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0203260B1
EP0203260B1 EP86101551A EP86101551A EP0203260B1 EP 0203260 B1 EP0203260 B1 EP 0203260B1 EP 86101551 A EP86101551 A EP 86101551A EP 86101551 A EP86101551 A EP 86101551A EP 0203260 B1 EP0203260 B1 EP 0203260B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
kneading
chambers
chamber
tools
machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86101551A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0203260A3 (en
EP0203260A2 (fr
Inventor
Peter Wanninger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ika-Maschinenbau Janke & Kunkel & Co KG GmbH
Original Assignee
Ika-Maschinenbau Janke & Kunkel & Co KG GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ika-Maschinenbau Janke & Kunkel & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Ika-Maschinenbau Janke & Kunkel & Co KG GmbH
Priority to AT86101551T priority Critical patent/ATE52424T1/de
Publication of EP0203260A2 publication Critical patent/EP0203260A2/fr
Publication of EP0203260A3 publication Critical patent/EP0203260A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0203260B1 publication Critical patent/EP0203260B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/70—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms
    • B01F27/701—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms comprising two or more shafts, e.g. in consecutive mixing chambers
    • B01F27/702—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms comprising two or more shafts, e.g. in consecutive mixing chambers with intermeshing paddles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a kneading machine with a loading opening and mutually adjacent kneading chambers, each of which connects its interior and has an opening which is oriented transversely to the axes of the kneading tools and in which two axially parallel kneading tools can preferably be driven in opposite directions at different speeds.
  • Kneading machines of this type are known for many applications.
  • a batch introduced into the kneading chamber through the loading opening must always be processed for a certain time, if necessary provided with additives and then removed.
  • single or twin-screw extrusion mixers have been used for some time, with which solid or liquid additives in plastics or rubber materials can be mixed in homogeneously at elevated temperatures in the thermoplastic or in the solvent phase.
  • Solid fillers and reinforcing agents such as calcium carbonate, silicates, asbestos, talc, kaolin, metal oxides, dyes, glass fibers, synthetic reinforcing fibers, graphite fibers, boron fibers, and liquid additives such as plasticizers may be mentioned as additives.
  • antioxidants such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, stabilizers, crosslinking agents, lubricants, processing aids, fire retardants, antistatic agents or blowing agents have to be incorporated in the polymer materials in an exact concentration in the most homogeneous possible distribution.
  • the process usually runs in such a way that the additives and the plastic granules are metered in with dosing scales, mixed in a continuously operating mixing extruder, mostly in the thermoplastic state, and extruded as strands at the head end of the extruder, which are then extruded with a cutting machine be granulated.
  • Mixing and / or plasticizing processes can thus be carried out in the mixing extruder.
  • the filled plastic granules can be processed further into molded parts, for example in injection molding machines.
  • the filler content in the majority of cases should be 50% or less in order not to unduly lower the mechanical strength and other important properties of the plastic parts.
  • Another new area of application for continuously operating mixing extruders is the production of propellants and explosives as well as pyrotechnic articles.
  • Nitrocellulose as a polymer component is impact and friction sensitive materials. The same applies to explosive components. These substances and compounds are often also very thermally sensitive and fizzle out at temperatures between 170 ° C and 250 ° C.
  • Kneading machines of the type mentioned at the outset are also known from US Pat. No. 2,698,962 and DE-AS 11 31 389, in which two kneading chambers are arranged one above the other, but in which kneading screws are also provided are arranged.
  • kneading screws are also provided are arranged.
  • the kneaded material can get too quickly from one kneading chamber to the other and from there to its discharge opening before gravity achieves the desired consistency.
  • gravity ensures that the kneaded material is transported relatively quickly, so that the dwell time of the kneaded material is relatively short.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a kneading machine of the type mentioned, with which a longer residence time of the kneaded material can be achieved, with sensitive fuels and explosives as well as other filled plastics being able to be continuously mixed and kneaded in great homogeneity without that there is a risk that the mixing and kneading tools touch the wall of the kneading chamber.
  • a good compression of the kneaded product should be achieved when leaving the kneading machine, so that any air influences or the like that may have been incorporated during the kneading are avoided as far as possible.
  • the solution to this problem is that at least three. Kneading chambers arranged in an approximately horizontal row next to each other and that at the end of the row of kneading chambers, a discharge screw is attached to the discharge opening of the last kneading chamber.
  • the horizontal row of more than two kneading chambers results on the one hand in an intensification of the processing of the kneading material, on the other hand the influence of gravity which accelerates the feeding of the kneading material is switched off, so that the combination of these measures can increase the dwell time of the kneading material in the kneading machine.
  • the discharge screw located at the end can compact the kneaded material again and, depending on the selected speed, can also influence the dwell time.
  • a development of the invention can consist in that the speed of the discharge screw can be changed and / or the direction of rotation and conveying can be reversed. This also allows the dwell time of the kneaded material to be changed as desired. In addition, between the reversal of the direction of rotation and conveyance, there is also the speed O of the discharge screw, which likewise largely prevents the kneaded material from escaping and thus can increase its dwell time.
  • the measures described above can be supported in that the mouth of the housing of the discharge screw is narrowed, preferably in the form of an extrusion nozzle. In this way, there is above all a certain back pressure within the discharge screw, which can bring about the desired compaction of the kneaded material after it has been kneaded during discharge.
  • a kneading machine each with two axially parallel kneading tools and a plurality of kneading chambers, are retained, namely the kneading tools can be mounted on both sides and carry out thorough mixing and kneading.
  • a sufficiently long dwell time of the kneading material is ensured in the kneading machine, since three or more kneading chambers of this type are arranged horizontally next to one another, so that the material to be kneaded can gradually move from chamber to chamber without being moved too quickly by gravity, and this enables continuous work over a sufficiently long dwell time.
  • the mixing and kneading can be influenced and extended by the choice of the number of kneading chambers, but it can also be influenced by the discharge screw in a finished machine with a fixed number of kneading chambers.
  • new kneading material can be refilled at the loading opening, while the processed material can be drawn off at the last of the kneading chambers located next to one another at the discharge opening and the mouth of the discharge screw.
  • the kneading paddle shafts generally used in such kneading machines can cause high compressive, tensile and shear forces and thus strong friction in the kneaded material, which leads to excellent dispersion and homogeneity. Because of the connection opening from one kneading chamber to the next, these kneading tools and kneading blades have an additional function because they gradually convey the kneaded material to this opening and finally to the next kneading chamber. Depending on the desired residence time, the number of kneading chambers can be selected next to one another.
  • the speed of the kneading tools of one chamber can be different from that of at least one other chamber.
  • these speeds can also differ from chamber to chamber if the kneading material makes this necessary.
  • the speed of the tools of the chamber next in the feed direction for the kneaded material could be lower than that of the tools in at least one of the previous kneading chambers.
  • a certain back pressure and thus a sufficiently long dwell time of the kneaded material can be achieved in the course of time.
  • Such deviating speeds can also be used to determine whether the kneaded material changes its viscosity during processing.
  • An embodiment of the invention of considerable importance and great advantages can consist in that inlet openings for liquid and / or solid additives are provided between and / or on the kneading chambers. Thereby the kneaded material can be gradually provided with further additives during its continuous processing, which are then mixed and kneaded in the subsequent chambers.
  • the speed of the kneading tools in a kneading chamber at or behind openings for metering in is greater than that of the kneading tools in a kneading chamber before metering in, for example to take into account the increase in kneading substance and this now a larger amount of kneaded material to be conveyed correspondingly faster.
  • a particularly expedient compromise between a good dwell time for the kneaded material and a not too great mechanical outlay can consist in the fact that four kneading chambers can be provided side by side. This results in intensive kneading and mixing, which far exceeds processing in two kneading chambers one above the other, but the overall height remains low despite the large number of kneading chambers and the desired intensive processing is achieved by four kneading points.
  • a further embodiment of the kneading machine according to the invention to improve the kneaded products and in particular to avoid air pockets in these products - which is particularly important in the production of propellants and explosives - can consist in at least one kneading chamber and / or the connection of two kneading chambers a connection for generating a negative pressure is provided. It is particularly expedient if a connection for generating a negative pressure is provided on the last and / or penultimate kneading chamber and / or the housing of the discharge screw, so that the kneaded material is freed or kept free of unfavorable air pockets at the end of its processing.
  • kneading blades can be provided as kneading tools, which lead to a correspondingly intensive processing of the kneaded material and can also ensure the feed from kneading chamber to kneading chamber, that is to say they have a double function.
  • individual kneading chambers it is also possible for individual kneading chambers to have rollers and / or polygonal disks as kneading tools instead of kneading blades.
  • This configuration is possible because of the arrangement according to the invention of a plurality of kneading chambers next to one another and thus allows the kneading material to be processed in different ways within the individual chambers. While the kneading blades have above all a good mixing effect, larger kneading effects can be achieved with such rollers and polygonal disks.
  • kneading chambers with kneading blades are arranged in a row after the loading opening of the kneading machine before kneading chambers with rollers and / or polygonal disks are connected. This ensures that the kneaded material is first mixed as well as possible and is already pre-kneaded before it is exposed to the rollers or polygonal disks, which predominantly carry out shredding and plasticizing work, especially when they are heated.
  • Sieves or baffles for division and / or slides for stowing the material flow can be arranged between at least two kneading chambers. This in turn can be used to control and influence the residence time of the material in the individual chambers.
  • the screens, baffles and / or slides can be adjustable with regard to their position and the passage opening they can open, and with regard to their orientation for directing the material flow. This configuration is also possible due to the series arrangement of several kneading chambers and allows a targeted change in the material flow and the dwell time of the kneaded material in individual kneading chambers.
  • each pair of kneading tools in a kneading chamber has its own drive, for. B. has an oil motor. This enables the desired speeds and speed differences to be set individually from chamber to chamber. Nevertheless, the overall construction is simple in terms of mechanical complexity.
  • the dwell time can also be adapted to the respective requirements.
  • the kneading tools can nevertheless be stored outside the kneading chambers, so that even substances sensitive to friction and impact can be processed without any problems, especially since the kneading tools can be stored on both sides. Dangers for explosive materials caused by wall friction are completely avoided by this selected arrangement.
  • the kneading machine can be constructed practically according to the modular principle, it is very versatile and can be used and adapted to a wide variety of mixing, kneading, crushing and plasticizing work for a wide variety of kneaded materials. If an extrusion nozzle or similar constriction is arranged at the outer mouth of the discharge screw or from its housing, there is the further advantage that the kneaded material is shaped into a strand and thus particularly well from the Machine out and then transported on.
  • a kneading machine designated as a whole by 1 has a loading opening 2 through which the kneaded material according to the arrow Pf 1 is introduced and reaches a first kneading chamber 3.
  • a first kneading chamber 3 In the kneading chamber 3, two kneading tools 4 are arranged, the axes 5 of which are parallel to one another and which according to FIG. the arrows Pf 2 and Pf 3 are driven in opposite directions and at different speeds.
  • a plurality of kneading chambers 3 are adjacent to one another in a horizontal row and each have an opening 6 connecting their interior spaces, which is oriented transversely to the axes 5 of the kneading tools 4 and through which the kneaded material according to the arrow Pf 4 from a kneading chamber 3 in the next one is being promoted.
  • the last of the kneading chambers 3 located next to each other in a row has a discharge opening 7 from which the finished kneaded material is drawn off.
  • the speeds of the kneading tools 4 of the one chamber 3 can be different from those of at least one other kneading chamber 3.
  • Chamber 3 following arrow Pf 4 may be smaller than that of tools 4 in at least one of the previous kneading chambers 3 in order to generate a certain jam at the openings 6 and thus increase the dwell time in the previous kneading chamber 3.
  • 3 input openings 8 can be provided between two kneading chambers, through which according to. the arrows Pf 5 liquid or solid additives can be added to the kneaded material and added. It is then expedient if the speed of the kneading tools 4 in a kneading chamber 3 behind an opening 8 for metering in is greater than that of the kneading tools 4 in a kneading chamber 3 in front of the metering opening 8, because the amount of kneaded material increases as a result of the metering in of material and therefore it can be arranged for a somewhat faster onward transport, so as not to cause excessive congestion.
  • a discharge screw 9 is attached to the discharge opening 7 of the last chamber 3.
  • This can have, for example, a nozzle or the like. End, so that the kneaded material is obtained in a continuous strand and is discharged from the kneading machine 1, so that it can be further processed accordingly.
  • the above-mentioned nozzle or similar constriction at the outlet of the discharge screw 9 also ensures a certain jam in the interior of the screw, so that the kneaded material is additionally compressed again during discharge.
  • the speed of the discharge screw 9 can be changed and it may even be possible to reverse the direction of rotation and thus the conveying direction of the discharge screw 9, whereby discharge of the kneaded material can be prevented for a while, so that the residence time can be influenced and extended.
  • kneading blades are provided as kneading tools 4.
  • rollers 10 are provided in a kneading chamber 3 instead of kneading blades, while in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, polygonal disks 11 are provided as kneading tools in the third and fourth kneading chambers 3.
  • two kneading chambers 3 with kneading blades are arranged in series after the loading opening 2, before these kneading chambers 3 connect either with the rollers 10 or the polygonal discs 11.
  • the arrangement of a plurality of kneading chambers 3 next to one another thus not only permits continuous processing, but also enables the mechanical action on the kneaded material to be influenced by different kneading tools 4.
  • connection 12 is provided for the entry opening of a subsequent adjacent chamber 3 or the discharge screw 9, so that the passage openings 6 are formed by coupling these connections 12 together. Furthermore, this makes it possible to enlarge or reduce the number of kneading chambers 3, depending on the type of material or kneaded material to be processed, if these connections 12 can be detachably coupled.
  • kneading machine 1 with a simple structure, two kneading chambers 3 each being carried by a common support foot 13.
  • two kneading chambers 3 can also be firmly connected and coupled to two further such chambers be, as these examples show.
  • both the number of these kneading chambers and the kneading tools 4 used in each case can be adapted almost arbitrarily to the respective kneading material, the advantages of the previously known batch kneading machines with two axially parallel kneading tools 4 being retained in a single kneading trough, but nevertheless continuous processing of the kneaded material is possible by simultaneously transporting it from the kneading chamber 3 to the kneading chamber 3 and removing it with the aid of a discharge screw 9.
  • each pair of kneading tools 4 can have its own drive, for example with the help of an oil motor.
  • six kneading chambers 3, or possibly only three kneading chambers, can lie side by side. A good compromise between machine effort and residence time can be the use of four, possibly five kneading chambers 3 side by side. Seven or more kneading chambers 3 would even be conceivable.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)

Claims (19)

1. Malaxeuse (1) avec une ouverture de chargement (2), et avec des chambres de malaxage (3) voisines les unes des autres et présentant des ouvertures respectives (6) reliant leurs espaces intérieurs et orientées perpendiculairement aux axes (5) d'outils de malaxage (4), deux outils de malaxage d'axes parallèles pouvant être entraînés en sens contraires et de préférence à des vitesses de rotation différentes dans chacune des chambres, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins trois chambres de malaxage (3) sont disposées les unes à côté des autres en une rangée sensiblement horizontale, et en ce qu'une vis sans fin de déchargement (9) est montée à l'extrémité de la rangée de chambres de malaxage (3), sur l'ouverture de déchargement (7) de la dernière chambre de malaxage (3)
2. Malaxeuse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la vitesse de rotation de la vis sans fin de déchargement (9) peut être modifiée, et/ou le sens de rotation et le sens de transport peuvent être inversés.
3. Malaxeuse selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que l'embouchure du carter de la vis sans fin de déchargement (9) est rétrécie, de préférence sous la forme d'une filière d'extrudeuse ou similaire.
4. Malaxeuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu quatre chambres de malaxage (3) situées les unes à côté des autres.
5. Malaxeuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que les vitesses de rotation des outils de malaxage (4) d'une des chambres (3) sont différentes de celles des outils d'au moins une autre chambre de malaxage (3).
6. Malaxeuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la vitesse de rotation des outils (4) de la chambre (3) immédiatement consécutive dans le sens d'avancement est inférieure à la vitesse de rotation des outils (4) dans au moins une des chambres de malaxage (3) précédentes.
7. Malaxeuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu entre et/ou sur les chambres de malaxage (3) des ouvertures d'introduction (8) pour des additifs liquides et/ou solides.
8. Malaxeuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la vitesse de rotation des outils de malaxage (4) dans une chambre de malaxage (3) vers ou après une ouverture (8) pour l'introduction d'additifs dosés, est supérieure à la vitesse de rotation des outils de malaxage (4) dans une chambre de malaxage (3) avant l'ouverture pour l'introduction d'additifs dosés.
9. Malaxeuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins un branchement pour produire une dépression est prévu sur au moins une chambre de malaxage (3) et/ou à la jonction (6) de deux chambres de malaxage (3).
10. Malaxeuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'un branchement pour produire une dépression est prévu sur la dernière et/ou l'avant-dernière chambre de malaxage (3) et/ou sur le carter de la vis sans fin de déchargement (9).
11. Malaxeuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu comme outils de malaxage des bras de malaxage.
12. Malaxeuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce que certaines des chambres de malaxage présentent comme outils de malaxage, à la place des bras de malaxage, des cylindres (10) et/ou des plaques polygonales (11).
13. Malaxeuse selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins deux chambres de malaxage (3) munies de bras de malaxage sont disposées en rangée l'une à la suite de l'autre après l'ouverture de chargement (2) de la malaxeuse, les chambres de malaxage suivantes étant munies de cylindres (10) et/ou de plaques polygonales (11).
14. Malaxeuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce que des tamis ou des chicanes pour la division du flux de produit, et/ou des tiroirs pour sa retenue, sont disposés entre au moins deux chambres de malaxage (3).
15. Malaxeuse selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que les tamis, chicanes et/ou tiroirs sont réglables en ce qui concerne leur - position et l'ouverture de passsage qu'ils peuvent libérer, ainsi qu'en ce qui concerne leur orientation par rapport à la direction du flux de produit.
16. Malaxeuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisée en ce que chaque paire d'outils de malaxage (4) d'une chambre de malaxage (3) possède son propre moyen d'entraînement, par exemple un moteur à huile.
17. Malaxeuse selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu sur l'ouverture de déchargement (6, 7) de chaque chambre de malaxage (3) un raccord (12) pour l'ouverture d'entrée d'une chambre de malaxage (3) consécutive voisine, ou de la vis sans fin de déchargement (9).
18. Malaxeuse selon la revendication 17, caractérisée en ce que les raccords (12) peuvent être accouplés de manière détachable.
19. Malaxeuse selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les chambres de malaxage (3) sont associées par groupes de deux, et peuvent être accouplées à d'autres chambres de malaxage (3) ou groupes de chambres de malaxage (3).
EP86101551A 1985-05-30 1986-02-06 Machine à pétrir Expired - Lifetime EP0203260B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86101551T ATE52424T1 (de) 1985-05-30 1986-02-06 Knetmaschine.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853519349 DE3519349A1 (de) 1985-05-30 1985-05-30 Knetmaschine
DE3519349 1985-05-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0203260A2 EP0203260A2 (fr) 1986-12-03
EP0203260A3 EP0203260A3 (en) 1987-09-02
EP0203260B1 true EP0203260B1 (fr) 1990-05-09

Family

ID=6271979

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86101551A Expired - Lifetime EP0203260B1 (fr) 1985-05-30 1986-02-06 Machine à pétrir

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4797080A (fr)
EP (1) EP0203260B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE52424T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3519349A1 (fr)

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DE2165878C3 (de) * 1971-12-31 1981-07-09 Fritz Lödige Vorrichtung zum Beleimen von Spänen
DE2338207C3 (de) * 1973-07-27 1979-07-05 Fritz 8102 Mittenwald Petzoldt Mehrspindeldrehautomat
DE2408936A1 (de) * 1974-02-25 1975-09-11 Ludwig Wittrock Vorrichtung zur verformung von thermoplastrohstoffen und aehnlichen massen mittels rotierender mastifizierwerkzeuge z.b. schnecken oder walzen
CA1083913A (fr) * 1975-10-06 1980-08-19 David P. Joshi Savon multicolore
FR2475924A1 (fr) * 1980-02-15 1981-08-21 Dalle & Lecomte Papeteries Procede et dispositif pour la dispersion de fibres dans un liquide et leur application a la fabrication de matieres non tissees
US4478516A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-10-23 Milton Kessler Apparatus for mixing and blending constituents of a flow of thermoplastics material

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4419530C1 (de) * 1994-06-03 1995-07-06 Janke & Kunkel Kg Knetmaschine mit einander benachbarten Knetkammern

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ATE52424T1 (de) 1990-05-15
EP0203260A3 (en) 1987-09-02
US4797080A (en) 1989-01-10
DE3519349C2 (fr) 1987-11-12
DE3519349A1 (de) 1986-12-04
DE3670958D1 (de) 1990-06-13
EP0203260A2 (fr) 1986-12-03

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