EP0113402B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un propergol mono- ou multi-base - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un propergol mono- ou multi-base Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0113402B1
EP0113402B1 EP83110865A EP83110865A EP0113402B1 EP 0113402 B1 EP0113402 B1 EP 0113402B1 EP 83110865 A EP83110865 A EP 83110865A EP 83110865 A EP83110865 A EP 83110865A EP 0113402 B1 EP0113402 B1 EP 0113402B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zone
kneading
temperature
mixing
manufacture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP83110865A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0113402A2 (fr
EP0113402A3 (en
Inventor
Dietmar Dipl.-Chem. Dr. Müller
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Priority to AT83110865T priority Critical patent/ATE29125T1/de
Publication of EP0113402A2 publication Critical patent/EP0113402A2/fr
Publication of EP0113402A3 publication Critical patent/EP0113402A3/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
    • C06B21/0075—Shaping the mixture by extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/24—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using screws or worms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/24—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using screws or worms
    • B30B11/243—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using screws or worms using two or more screws working in the same chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for producing single or multi-base propellant charge powders in strand form by means of a twin-screw extruder with a feed zone for the starting components, at least one of which is moistened with alcohol, followed by mixing and kneading zones with solvent addition for plasticizing and an exit zone adjoining the screws with a molding head for one or more strands, the feed zone being kept at an elevated temperature.
  • Thermoplastic molding processes or shaping using volatile solvents are used to produce single-base propellant charge powder (nitrocellulose), dibasic (nitrocellulse + nitroglycerin or other explosive oils) and also triple-base propellant charge powder (nitrocellulose + nitroglycerin + nitroguanidine), the latter method being preferred, the latter method being preferred.
  • Ketones, alcohols, ethers or mixtures thereof are generally used as solvents and gelling agents.
  • this method has the safety advantage that the processing temperature can be kept relatively low due to the addition of solvents.
  • pasted nitrocellulose can be extruded into one or more strands in a screw press (DE-AS 2825567, DE-OS 3044577), with one or more channels being molded into the strand depending on the application for the purpose of extrusion by means of a needle die.
  • a screw press DE-AS 2825567, DE-OS 3044577
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus which allow propellant charge powder of homogeneous composition to be obtained in dimensionally stable strands with increased throughput.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the cooling provided in the prior art behind the heated feed zone leads to the formation of a layer on the housing wall. Shear forces develop between this and the neighboring inner product layers, which in addition to the mixing and kneading forces lead to uncontrolled temperature increases in the mass. These effects seem to be decisive for the inhomogeneity of the end product. In practice, this also leads to the formation of clots and thus to an uneven product leakage. Although attempts have been made to retain this inhomogeneity by arranging sieve inserts in front of the exit die (DE-OS 3042662), these sieves are installed very quickly, so that the extruder often has to be dismantled and cleaned.
  • the higher safety-related risk in the case of propellant powders with two or more bases is taken into account in that the kneading and mixing zone is divided into sections with a temperature falling in the conveying direction but constant within the sections.
  • the product therefore passes through a section of elevated temperature in the feed zone, a section of even higher temperature in the first area of the kneading and mixing zone and then sections of falling temperature, which is still above that in the feed zone.
  • the housing temperature in the area near the screw in the feed zone to 40 ⁇ 3 ° C, in the kneading and mixing zone to 56 ⁇ 3 ° C and in the exit zone is held so that the melt temperature is 64 ⁇ 3 ° C.
  • a preferred embodiment provides that the housing temperature in the area near the screw in the feed zone is 35 ⁇ 5 ° C, in the kneading and mixing zone in the conveying direction from 50 ⁇ 3 ° C to 45 ⁇ 3 ° C drops and is 40 ⁇ 3 ° C in the exit zone.
  • the length of the exit zone is irrelevant, since it is always approximately the same length. It is only necessary to ensure that the temperature limits specified in connection with the described methods are observed.
  • the housing of the screw extruder is connected to a fluid circuit which, controlled by thermostats, by cooling or heating ensures that the required constant temperature limits in the individual zones are maintained.
  • Single-base propellant powder 100 kg nitrocellulose (dry weight) moistened with 25 to 30 kg alcohol, approx. 1.7 to 2 wt.% Stabilizer and sodium oxalate are processed with 16.5 to 27 kg acetone in a co-rotating or counter-rotating extruder.
  • the speed of the screw shafts is 20 to 120 rpm for a multi-strand extrusion, each strand being able to be provided with one or more channels with the aid of a needle die in order to obtain strands for propellant powder of customary geometry.
  • the strands obtained in this way had a transparent appearance with a smooth surface and could be cut immediately without an additional drying process and then surface-treated without the shape stability suffering.
  • a three-base propellant powder is made from a premix with a dry weight of 100 kg of 47 ⁇ 1% by weight nitroguanidine, 28 ⁇ 1% by weight nitrocellulose, 23 ⁇ 1% by weight nitroglycerin, 1.5 ⁇ 0.1% by weight Stabilizer, approx. 0.3% by weight cryolite and 6 to 8 kg alcohol and 18 to 22 kg acetone processed in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder.
  • the screw speed is again 20 to 120 rpm with multi-strand outlet and one or more channels per strand.
  • nitroglycerin being phlegmatized with nitrocellulose.
  • 18 to 22 kg of acetone were required for plasticizing.
  • the extruder shown in Figure 1 has a Ge housing, which is composed of several segments 2, which are clamped together by end flanges 3. On the drive side 4, two parallel, counter-rotating worm shafts 5 are inserted into the housing, which extend to the front end flange 3 and end there in tips. A molding head 17 connects to the last housing segment 2. This screw extruder is used to produce single-base propellant powder.
  • the first drive-side housing segment 2 is provided with an addition opening 6 for the solid components, namely nitrocellulose and additives. Stabilizers can also be added at this point, all components being added individually or in a premix.
  • the downstream segment 2 is provided with a nozzle channel 7, through which the solvent, if necessary in a mixture with the stabilizers, is metered in.
  • the penultimate housing segment 2 in the conveying direction has a cutout 8, which serves on the one hand for degassing the product and on the other hand for photo-optical recording of the surface of the product passing the cutout 8.
  • a camera 9 is arranged above the opening 8 and is connected to a monitor 10. Based on the recording on the monitor 10, the solvent added via the nozzle channel 7 is metered.
  • the extruder described above is known (DE-OS 3 044 577).
  • the two symmetrical worm shafts 5 initially have a conveyor section 11 on the drive side, which is of a single-start design. This is followed in the area of the nozzle channel 7 by a further multi-course conveyor section 12 a, 12 b.
  • a first kneading section 13 and a second kneading section 14 and then a baffle plate 15 are connected to the latter.
  • a three-course conveying section 12 is again provided, which is finally closed off from the die by a further kneading section 13.
  • the forming head 17 consists of a perforated die, a perforated plate adjoining it, and dies with needle carriers for producing the channels in the strand.
  • the conveyor sections 11 and 12 extend approximately over the first three housing segments 2. These form the feed zone with the length L 1 .
  • the length L 1 corresponds to approximately 11 D, where D is the inside diameter of the housing.
  • the length L 2 corresponds to approximately 15 D.
  • the co-rotating twin-screw screw extruder shown in FIG. 2 likewise has an essentially known structure, so that a detailed description can be dispensed with here.
  • the screw shafts mainly have sections serving for conveying, in the adjoining area mainly serving sections for kneading and mixing, although the transitions can be fluid.
  • the degassing openings are preferably arranged in the region of the conveying sections of the screws, as is shown by means of the degassing opening 8.
  • the outlet part is formed by a perforated die, which is optionally provided with a needle insert. Furthermore, at least one degassing opening is also provided in the kneading and mixing zone L 2 .
  • the feed zone L 1 corresponds here to approximately 5 D.
  • a temperature of t 1 35 ⁇ 5 ° C is maintained there.
  • the subsequent first section of the kneading and mixing zone L Z corresponds to approximately 9 D with a constant temperature control of 50 ⁇ 3 ° C.
  • the housing temperature is 45 ⁇ 3 ° C.
  • a temperature t 3 of 40 is reached in the outlet part with the dies Maintain ⁇ 3 ° C.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Procédé de fabrication de poudres de charges propulsives monobasiques ou polybasiques sous forme de boudins au moyen d'une extrudeuse à vis sans fin à deux arbres comportant une zone d'entrée pour les composants de départ dont au moins un est humidifié avec de l'alcool, cette zone d'entrée étant suivie de zones de mélange et de malaxage avec addition de solvants pour la plastification, les vis sans fin étant, à leur tour, suivies d'une zone de sortie comportant une tête de moulage pour un ou plusieurs boudins, la zone d'entrée étant maintenue à une température élevée, caractérisé en ce que la zone de malaxage et de mélange, de même que la zone de sortie sont maintenues à une température à peu près constante supérieure à celle de la zone d'entrée.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 pour la fabrication de poudres de charges propulsives dibasiques ou polybasiques, caractérisé en ce que la zone de malaxage et de mélange est subdivisée en tronçons dont la température diminue dans le sens de transport, cependant qu'elle reste constante à l'intérieur de ces tronçons.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 pour la fabrication de poudres de charges propulsives monobasiques, caractérisé en ce que, dans le secteur de la zone d'entrée, qui est proche des vis sans fin, la température du logement est maintenue à 40±3°C, tandis qu'elle est maintenue à 56+3°C dans la zone de malaxage et de mélange et, dans la zone de sortie, à une valeur telle que la température de la masse atteigne 64±3°C.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, pour la fabrication de poudres de charges propulsives polybasiques, en particulier, tribasiques, caractérisé en ce que, dans le secteur de la zone d'entrée, qui est proche des vis sans fin, la température du logement atteint 35±5°C, tandis qu'elle se situe entre 50±3°C et 45±3°C dans la zone de malaxage et de mélange, pour atteindre 40±3°C dans la zone de sortie.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que, dans la zone de mélange et de malaxage, la température du logement tombe, dans le sens de transport, de 50±3°C à 45±3°C.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 3, pour la fabrication de poudres de charges propulsives monobasiques, caractérisé en ce que la relation suivante entre la longueur L (longueur totale, déduction faite de la longeur de la zone de sortie) et le diamètre intérieur D de l'extrudeuse à vis sans fin est notamment d'application pour les différentes zones:
a) rotors synchrones (arbres de vis sans fin synchrones):
Figure imgb0011
b) rotors contrarotatifs (arbres de vis sans fin
Figure imgb0012
7. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 4 pour la fabrication de poudres de charges propulsives tribasiques en utilisant une extrudeuse à vis sans fin comportant des arbres synchrones, caractérisé en ce que, pour une longueur totale L = 23 D du rotor synchrone, y compris la longueur de la zone de sortie, la relation suivante entre la longueur L et le diamètre intérieur D de l'extrudeuse à vis sans fin est notamment d'application pour les différentes zones:
Figure imgb0013
EP83110865A 1982-11-16 1983-10-31 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un propergol mono- ou multi-base Expired EP0113402B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83110865T ATE29125T1 (de) 1982-11-16 1983-10-31 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung einoder mehrbasiger treibladungspulver.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823242301 DE3242301A1 (de) 1982-11-16 1982-11-16 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung ein- oder mehrbasiger treibladungspulver
DE3242301 1982-11-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0113402A2 EP0113402A2 (fr) 1984-07-18
EP0113402A3 EP0113402A3 (en) 1985-10-09
EP0113402B1 true EP0113402B1 (fr) 1987-08-26

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EP83110865A Expired EP0113402B1 (fr) 1982-11-16 1983-10-31 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un propergol mono- ou multi-base

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US (1) US4525313A (fr)
EP (1) EP0113402B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE29125T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3242301A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3407238A1 (de) * 1984-02-28 1985-11-21 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München Vorrichtung zum herstellen von treibladungspulver in strangform
DE3412410C2 (de) * 1984-04-03 1987-01-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München Verfahren zur Herstellung kunststoffgebundener Treibladungspulver und Sprengstoffe
US4767577A (en) * 1985-10-03 1988-08-30 Mueller Dietmar Process and apparatus for producing plastic-bound propellant powders and explosives
FR2604996B1 (fr) * 1986-10-10 1994-05-06 Poudres Explosifs Ste Nale Poudre a simple base resistant au vieillissement, procede de fabrication et application aux generateurs de gaz
GB2205728B (en) * 1987-06-05 1991-07-17 Dalgety Ltd Improvements in or relating to the production of mashing adjuncts
DE3805317A1 (de) * 1988-02-20 1989-08-24 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von treibladungsgranulat
DE3821311A1 (de) * 1988-06-24 1989-12-28 Werner & Pfleiderer Verfahren und vorrichtung zur sicherung des mischvorganges bei der herstellung strangfoermiger explosivstoffe und treibmittel in einem schneckenextruder
DE3913603C1 (fr) * 1989-04-25 1990-03-29 Wnc-Nitrochemie Gmbh, 8261 Aschau, De
EP0424490B1 (fr) * 1989-05-11 1995-03-08 Wnc-Nitrochemie Gmbh Procede et dispositif pour produire une poudre de charge propulsive tribasique
US5487851A (en) * 1993-12-20 1996-01-30 Thiokol Corporation Composite gun propellant processing technique
US5524544A (en) * 1994-07-21 1996-06-11 Olin Corporation Nitrocellulose propellant containing a cellulosic burn rate modifier
US5682009A (en) * 1994-07-21 1997-10-28 Primex Technologies, Inc. Propellant containing a thermoplatic burn rate modifer
ATE298736T1 (de) 1999-02-23 2005-07-15 Gen Dynamics Ordnance & Tactic Perforierter treibstoff und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US6315930B1 (en) 1999-09-24 2001-11-13 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Method for making a propellant having a relatively low burn rate exponent and high gas yield for use in a vehicle inflator
US9738047B2 (en) * 2015-09-26 2017-08-22 Nationwide 5, Llc Compression screw for producing animal feed
US10863765B2 (en) 2012-10-24 2020-12-15 Nationwide 5, Llc High-fat and high-protein animal feed supplement and process of manufacture
CN102950662A (zh) * 2012-11-29 2013-03-06 大连橡胶塑料机械股份有限公司 发射药混炼挤出装置
US9539752B2 (en) * 2013-08-09 2017-01-10 General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems—Canada Valleyfield, Inc. Continuous celluloid twin screw extrusion process

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0052797A1 (fr) * 1980-11-26 1982-06-02 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication en continu de poudre de charge propulsive

Family Cites Families (7)

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US3904719A (en) * 1968-08-14 1975-09-09 Rudolf Paul Fritsch Process for the continuous production of vulcanizable mixtures
US3968955A (en) * 1968-08-14 1976-07-13 Rudolf Paul Fritsch Process and apparatus for the continuous production of vulcanizable mixtures
US3897733A (en) * 1973-03-19 1975-08-05 Us Army High bulk density extruded propellant for small arms cartridges
DE2825567B1 (de) * 1978-06-10 1979-11-15 Dynamit Nobel Ag Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Explosivstoffgemischen
US4354884A (en) * 1980-04-28 1982-10-19 Hercules Incorporated Process for preparing progressive burning propellant granules
DE3042662C2 (de) * 1980-11-12 1982-12-30 WNC-Nitrochemie GmbH, 8261 Aschau Zweiwellige Schneckenpresse für die Explosivstoff-Herstellung
FR2494263A1 (fr) * 1980-11-14 1982-05-21 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Procede de fabrication de poudres propulsives fines par granulation et poudres ainsi obtenues

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0052797A1 (fr) * 1980-11-26 1982-06-02 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication en continu de poudre de charge propulsive

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0113402A2 (fr) 1984-07-18
DE3242301A1 (de) 1984-05-17
EP0113402A3 (en) 1985-10-09
ATE29125T1 (de) 1987-09-15
US4525313A (en) 1985-06-25
DE3373181D1 (en) 1987-10-01
DE3242301C2 (fr) 1987-07-16

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