EP0196370B1 - Méthode de fabrication d'un dériveur de surtension utilisant un varistor à base de ZnO et dériveur de surtension ainsi fabriqué - Google Patents

Méthode de fabrication d'un dériveur de surtension utilisant un varistor à base de ZnO et dériveur de surtension ainsi fabriqué Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0196370B1
EP0196370B1 EP85115554A EP85115554A EP0196370B1 EP 0196370 B1 EP0196370 B1 EP 0196370B1 EP 85115554 A EP85115554 A EP 85115554A EP 85115554 A EP85115554 A EP 85115554A EP 0196370 B1 EP0196370 B1 EP 0196370B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistor core
insulator
zno
lightning arrester
monolithic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85115554A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0196370A1 (fr
Inventor
Günther Maier
Joseph Mosele
Roger Dr. Perkins
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland filed Critical BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Priority to AT85115554T priority Critical patent/ATE52633T1/de
Publication of EP0196370A1 publication Critical patent/EP0196370A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0196370B1 publication Critical patent/EP0196370B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/105—Varistor cores
    • H01C7/108—Metal oxide
    • H01C7/112—ZnO type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/102—Varistor boundary, e.g. surface layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49087—Resistor making with envelope or housing

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for producing a surge arrester on ZnO-8as ⁇ s and on a surge arrester according to the preamble of claim 4, as is known from US Pat. No. 4,069,465.
  • the ZnO-based resistance material plays an outstanding role here.
  • the conventional constructions generally use - from certain voltages upwards - stack-like bodies composed of individual disks made of voltage-dependent sintered resistance material (varistors). Such bodies are known from numerous publications (see, for example, US-A-4,335,417, DE-A-2,934,832, CH-A-626,758).
  • the height of the discs used is limited (e.g. to 60 mm) and the height to diameter ratio is generally less than 1.
  • the stack-like structure of a conventional surge arrester is - especially at higher voltages and powers - expensive and complex and also includes additional risks due to the numerous internal contact areas.
  • a hollow cylindrical varistor with an active resistor body made of a voltage-dependent ZnO-based resistor material, an insulating body and connectors for electrical connections, in which the resistor body consists of a compact monolithic workpiece with a ratio of height to diameter > 1 exists.
  • the known varistor has control electrodes which cover the outer surface of the resistance body except for a narrow gap.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for manufacturing and a simplified construction of a surge arrester, which is not composed of individual disks and makes a self-supporting, stable insulating body as a housing unnecessary.
  • expensive, brittle ceramic insulating housings (porcelain) should possibly be avoided.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that it enables the production of surge arresters in an economical manner and without adversely affecting the mechanical and electrical properties.
  • the surge arresters produced in this way according to the invention are simple and expediently constructed and, despite extremely low manufacturing costs, are distinguished by high operational reliability.
  • Fig. 1 the method is shown as a flow diagram in block form.
  • the individual points require no further explanation.
  • the mass which is in the form of granules and is filled into an elastic hollow mold (e.g. made of silicone rubber), can be pressed by the cold isostatic process (wet die) or more advantageously by the two-dimensional radial process (dry die).
  • Fig. 2 shows a simplified longitudinal section by means of a surge arrester with a monolithic, essentially cylindrical active resistance body and with an insulating body designed as a jacket.
  • 1 shows the resistance body (varistor), which essentially has a smooth, cylindrical outer surface.
  • the resistance body 1 is made slightly corrugated at the ends in order to create better conditions for adhesion in the adhesive joint 7.
  • 2 is the insulating body designed as a jacket, which advantageously consists of a castable plastic such as epoxy resin, polymer concrete, silicone material etc.
  • a shrink tube or another suitable covering or in general any suitable coating by an insulating material can also be used for this. Glazing or painting are also suitable.
  • 3, the metallized end face of the resistance body 1, 4 is the corresponding contact spring for the high-voltage electrode 5 or earth electrode 6.
  • an insulating body 2 is shown with a smooth cylindrical outer wall for the interior installation of the arrester, while the right half relates to a version with ribs or screens for outdoor installation.
  • FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through an overvoltage arrester with a monolithic, externally ribbed resistance body.
  • the insulating body 2 is listed as an additionally applied, comparatively thin coating of approximately constant thickness. All reference numerals correspond to those in FIG. 2.
  • the resistance body 1 has a central bore 8, in which the threaded pull rod 9 made of insulating material is located.
  • the electrodes 5 and 6 are pressed firmly onto the end faces of the resistance body 1 by means of the latter. All other reference numerals correspond to those in FIG. 2.
  • An overvoltage arrester was manufactured on the basis of ZnO, the active resistance body 1 of which had the following composition:
  • the slurry was then converted into a free-flowing, dry granulate in a spray dryer with counter-air flow.
  • the average size of the grains produced was about 100 pm, the remaining moisture was about 2% by weight.
  • the compact was removed from the mold and sintered at a temperature of 1200 ° C for 2 hours.
  • the organic binder was burned while passing through the temperature range of 200 to 600 ° C and the shrinkage was carried out in a short time in the range of 900 to 1050 ° C without deformation of the body.
  • the sintered resistance body 1 had a diameter of 35 mm with a length of 240 mm and a density of 5500 kg / m 3 (98% of the theoretical value).
  • the monolithic sintered body was contacted by flame spraying its end faces (3) with aluminum once.
  • the electrical transition was carried out by means of pressure contacts (contact springs 4).
  • the finished contacted sintered body was now provided with a 6 mm thick layer of a temperature-resistant organic material, in the present case an epoxy resin.
  • This hollow cylindrical, smooth jacket for the interior installation of the arrester was produced by encapsulating the resistance body 1.
  • the jacket can be provided with screens or ribs to enlarge the surface.
  • An overvoltage arrester with a resistance body 1 of the same dimensions and composition as in example I was produced.
  • the process steps of mixing, grinding and drying the starting materials correspond to those of Example I.
  • the compact was then removed from the mold and sintered at a temperature of 1200 ° C. for 2 hours in an analogous manner to that given in Example I.
  • the finished sintered body had a diameter of 35 mm with a length of 240 mm and a density of 5500 kg / m '(98% of the theoretical value).
  • the resistance body 1 was provided with a smooth shrink tube made of silicone material as an insulating body 2 (jacket).
  • the pressing method according to Example II has the advantage that the compact is more defined in its axial length, which is decisive for the operating voltage, and this can be easily changed, corrected and adjusted to the operating requirements by adjusting the piston on the end. This is of particular importance in the present case of the manufacture of monolithic resistance bodies, since the adaptation to the operating voltage cannot be carried out retrospectively by varying the number of disks, as is the case for conventional arresters consisting of a number of disks. This process is also more suitable for automation and mass production.
  • the continuous operating voltage of the arrester was 24 kV, the residual voltage under a shock wave of 10 kA, 8/20 ps 70 kV.
  • the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments.
  • a compact of at least 40% density should be achieved during pre-compression and a sintered body of at least 90% density based on the theoretical value during sintering.
  • the height to diameter ratio of the resistance body can generally be> 1.
  • the resistance body can also have a cylindrical shape other than smooth (FIG. 1). He can e.g. be limited on the outside by ribs or grooves (FIG. 2) or have a bore (hollow cylinder according to FIG. 3).
  • the insulating body can be designed as a cast mass in epoxy resin, polymer concrete, silicone resin or as a covering in the form of a shrink tube, a coating, a coat of paint or a glazing.
  • the arrester In the simplest case for indoor installation, the arrester consists only of a resistance body thinly coated with glass, lacquer or plastic with resilient metal contacts pressed onto the end face.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Procédé de fabrication d'un parafoudre comprenant un corps de résistance actif, suivant lequel on transforme un mélange pulvérulent contenant du ZnO et une poudre d'oxyde métallique supplémentaire en granules meubles et on introduit ceux-ci dans un moule creux très élastique ressemblant autant que possible à la forme finale du corps de résistance (1) et on les presse à froid isostatiquement ou radialement en un corps pressé compact monolithique unique correspondant à la forme finale du corps de résistance ayant au moins 40% de a masse volumique théorique et on fritte ce corps pressé préalablement comprimé au cours d'un processus de frittage ultérieur jusqu'à une masse volumique d'au moins 90% de la valeur théorique en un corps de résistance (1) monolithique unique ayant des dimensions finales données au préalable et finalement, on travaille mécaniquement et on munit de contacts le corps de résistance (1) fritté à ses deux faces d'about et on le munit par enveloppement ou revêtement d'un corps d'isolateur (2) sous la forme d'une enveloppe et on l'assemble avec les autres éléments de construction habituels tels qu'un corps d'isolateur, des armatures et des conducteurs de courant en un parafoudre complet.
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on comprime au préalable un corps de résistance actif (1) ayant des dimensions lui donnant la forme d'une colonne avec un rapport de la hauteur au diamètre supérieur à 1.
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on exécute le corps d'isolateur (2) sous la forme d'une enveloppe entourant le corps de résistance actif (1) en coulant autour du corps de résistance (1) une résine synthétique consistant en résine époxyde, en béton de polymère, en résine de silicone ou en élastomère ou en le recouvrant d'un tube rétrécissable en matière plastique ou en le munissant d'une couche d'une résine synthétique ou en le revêtant d'un verre.
4. Parafoudre fabriqué par le procédé suivant la revendication 1, comprenant un corps de résistance actif (1) fait d'une matière résistante dépendante de la tension à base de ZnO, un corps d'isolateur (2) ainsi que des pièces de raccordement servant d'électrodes (5, 6) pour les connexions électriques, dans lequel le corps de résistance (1), indépendamment de la tension de service appliquée, consiste en une pièce unique, compacte, monolithique de forme essentiellement cylindrique ou cylindrique creuse présentant un rapport de la hauteur au diamètre supérieur à 1, caractérisé en ce que le corps de résistance comprend au total seulement deux surfaces de contact appliquées aux faces d'about opposées (3) et au moins une gorge annulaire à chaque partie terminale aux faces d'about pour améliorer l'adhérence avec l'électrode contiguë (5, 6).
5. Parafoudre fabriqué par le procédé suivant la revendication 1, comprenant un corps de résistance actif (1) fait d'une matière résistante dépendante de la tension à base de ZnO, un corps d'isolateur (2) ainsi que des pièces de raccordement servant d'électrodes (5, 6) pour les connexions électriques, dans lequel le corps de résistance (1), indépendamment de la tension de service appliquée, consiste en une pièce unique, compacte, monolithique de forme essentiellement cylindrique creuse présentant un rapport de la hatuteur au diamètre supérieur à 1, caractérisé en ce que le corps de résistance comprend au total seulement deux surfaces de contact appliquées aux faces d'about opposées (3) et que les électrodes (5, 6) sont pressées fermement sur les surfaces de contact du corps de résistance (1) au moyen d'une tige de traction (9) munie d'un filet de vis.
6. Parafoudre suivant la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que le corps d'isolateur (2) consiste en une enveloppe en résine à couler délimitée à l'intérieur essentiellement par une surface cylindrique, ou en un tube rétrécissable ou en une peinture ou en un verre.
EP85115554A 1985-02-07 1985-12-06 Méthode de fabrication d'un dériveur de surtension utilisant un varistor à base de ZnO et dériveur de surtension ainsi fabriqué Expired - Lifetime EP0196370B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85115554T ATE52633T1 (de) 1985-02-07 1985-12-06 Verfahren zur herstellung eines ueberspannungsableiters unter verwendung eines varistors auf zno-basis und danach hergestellter ueberspannungsableiter.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH551/85 1985-02-07
CH55185 1985-02-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0196370A1 EP0196370A1 (fr) 1986-10-08
EP0196370B1 true EP0196370B1 (fr) 1990-05-09

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EP85115554A Expired - Lifetime EP0196370B1 (fr) 1985-02-07 1985-12-06 Méthode de fabrication d'un dériveur de surtension utilisant un varistor à base de ZnO et dériveur de surtension ainsi fabriqué

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (3) US4729053A (fr)
EP (1) EP0196370B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0630288B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE52633T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8505988A (fr)
DE (2) DE3508030A1 (fr)
IN (2) IN166508B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA859752B (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0196370A1 (fr) 1986-10-08
ZA859752B (en) 1986-08-27
ATE52633T1 (de) 1990-05-15
IN166508B (fr) 1990-05-19
JPH0630288B2 (ja) 1994-04-20
DE3508030A1 (de) 1986-08-07
DE3577616D1 (de) 1990-06-13
US4729053A (en) 1988-03-01
US4811478A (en) 1989-03-14
BR8505988A (pt) 1986-12-09
IN167087B (fr) 1990-08-25
US4816959A (en) 1989-03-28
JPS61183903A (ja) 1986-08-16

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