EP0190569B1 - Disposition d'antenne directive à large bande - Google Patents

Disposition d'antenne directive à large bande Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0190569B1
EP0190569B1 EP86100386A EP86100386A EP0190569B1 EP 0190569 B1 EP0190569 B1 EP 0190569B1 EP 86100386 A EP86100386 A EP 86100386A EP 86100386 A EP86100386 A EP 86100386A EP 0190569 B1 EP0190569 B1 EP 0190569B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna elements
arrangement
flat strip
strip transmission
aperture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86100386A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0190569A2 (fr
EP0190569A3 (en
Inventor
Günter Wichmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eltro GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Eltro GmbH and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eltro GmbH and Co filed Critical Eltro GmbH and Co
Publication of EP0190569A2 publication Critical patent/EP0190569A2/fr
Publication of EP0190569A3 publication Critical patent/EP0190569A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0190569B1 publication Critical patent/EP0190569B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a broadband directional antenna arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such an antenna is the subject of US Pat. No. 3,860,933.
  • the antenna elements here consist of slots of equal length in different directions, which are provided on the narrow side of a hollow body with a rectangular cross section. A ribbon cable common to them is fed through these slots.
  • Antennas of this type have a relatively large aperture and the resulting coarse resolution. They can be used to locate objects of small geometric dimensions hidden in the ground. Further detailed statements - e.g. on the other hand, dimensions, shape and location cannot be determined. On the other hand, if you choose an antenna with a smaller aperture, you can only use it to send out a short search pulse, which may occur, especially when the soil is wet and the attenuation caused by it. no longer penetrates deep enough to notice small objects.
  • the small apertures which are favorable in terms of good resolving power, also have the disadvantage that they can only be used to obscure objects that are hidden directly below the surface of the earth, e.g. Rifle mines, but not those at a greater depth, e.g. Tank mines can be located because apertures of this size cannot be used to radiate sufficiently long or low-frequency impulses.
  • the object of the invention is seen in the improvement of the generic directional antenna in such a way that it can be used to carry out a finely rastered scanning of small objects hidden in the ground in terms of their depth effect for the purpose of determining them as clearly as possible.
  • This object is achieved by the features mentioned in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the directional antenna 1 in Fig. 1 consists essentially of the two ribbon conductors 2 and 3. From their feed point 4, in the area of which the ribbon conductors are narrow, they run almost parallel, but then widen towards the aperture level, while the parallel Gradually changes into an expansion. If high-frequency energy is fed in at the feed point 4 via the coaxial line 5, pulse widths of the order of 500 ps can be emitted, the amplitudes of which approximately correspond to the envelope curve 10 in FIG. 4. If the impulses are to be emitted without errors, the total length of such an antenna is approximately 1 1/2 m and its aperture in both directions is approximately 25--30 cm. To this extent, it is known prior art.
  • directional antennas of these dimensions emit sufficiently long pulses to e.g. When penetrating deeply enough to search for objects hidden in the ground, they are not suitable for all purposes. They are too bulky and too large in their aperture to accommodate many such antennas, e.g. as a line of antennas across the front of a vehicle to enable a finely rasterized scanning According to the invention, which can be seen above all from FIG. 2, it is therefore proposed to arrange several smaller and identical antenna elements 1 'next to one another in a row so that the extent of their apertures corresponds to that of the conventional large directional antenna 1 from FIG. 1.
  • the arrangement of the antenna elements 1 ' can be expanded to a line 6 which in the line direction still exceeds the size of a large individual antenna 1 (FIG. 1). In the present exemplary embodiment, this would be approximately 30 antenna elements 1 'per line 6 with a height of about 30 cm, an aperture of about 7.5 cm per element, an aperture-side width of the ribbon conductors 2 ', 3' of about 2 cm and a line length of about 60 to 70 cm.
  • the material used here is, for example, brass.
  • Such a line arrangement of antenna elements is suitable as a handheld device for detecting small objects hidden in the ground, e.g. Mines, both from rifle mines, which are usually located directly below the surface of the earth, and from somewhat deeper, usually around 20 cm, tank mines sunk in the ground, in the latter case an additional electrical measure being required, at the end the description is discussed in more detail.
  • mines both from rifle mines, which are usually located directly below the surface of the earth, and from somewhat deeper, usually around 20 cm, tank mines sunk in the ground, in the latter case an additional electrical measure being required, at the end the description is discussed in more detail.
  • the antenna elements 1 ' can be attached to holders provided on the outside instead of the foam filling.
  • the ends of the ribbon conductors 2 ', 3' on the aperture side border the absorber plates 11 on both sides of the rows 6 for the purpose of reducing the total length of the antenna elements 1 '. They are arranged parallel to the axes of symmetry of the directional antenna elements 1' and functionally form part of the antenna elements.
  • the effect achieved can be further supported in that the flat conductor ends of adjacent antenna elements 1 'of a row 6 are connected to one another via damping resistors 8.
  • damping resistors can also be used alternatively.
  • FIG. 2 The mosaic or matrix structure of FIG. 2 is shown on the radiation side, that is to say seen from its underside, in FIG. 3 on its own. If such a device consists of only a single row 6, its antenna individual elements 1 'can be activated either individually or — for the purpose of enlarging the aperture — in groups when searching for objects hidden in the ground. If, on the other hand, the device consists - as shown - of several lines 6, entire fields of such antenna elements can also be activated together. The smaller, heavily framed field is intended for rifle and mine for tank mines. The invention is neither limited to the number of bundled antenna elements nor to the direction of activation, because in principle, column-by-column activation is also conceivable in addition to row-by-row.
  • the following trick is used in accordance with FIG. 4:
  • a runtime shift can be caused by their number and size.
  • the amplitudes of the individual pulses which are emitted by the antenna elements which are activated in accordance with the desired aperture size can now be delayed and added up in a manner which simulates a low-frequency signal 10.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Ensemble d'antenne directive à large bande avec commandé côté réception, cet ensemble d'antenne directive à large bande étant constitué de plusieurs éléments d'antenne juxtaposés, non espacés, en forme de rangées, ainsi que de demi conducteurs plats qui s'étendent à peu près parallèlement à partir du point d'alimentation et qui s'élargissent et s'écartent ensuite vers le côté d'ouverture, caractérisé en ce que:
a) les différents éléments d'antenne (1') sont des conducteurs plats (2', 3') semblables et aussi petits que possible,
b) de part et d'autre d'une rangée d'éléments d'antenne (1') s'étend une plaque d'absorbeur (11) parallèlement à l'axe,de symétrie des éléments et dans le même plan que celui de l'ouverture, et
c) l'amplitude des impulsions particulières (9) envoyées par les éléments d'antenne (1') activés s'additionnent dans la commande côté récepteur, avec un décalage de la durée de fonctionnement, d'une manière simulant dans son ensemble un signal basse fréquence (10).
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs rangées d'éléments d'antenne (1') sont réunies pour former au moins un champ.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'antenne (1') ou les champs d'antenne peuvent être commandés de manière un peu imbriquée.
4. Dispositif selon . l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités côté ouverture des demi conducteurs plats (2' ou 3') d'éléments d'antenne (1') contigus d'une rangée (6) sont reliées entre elles, par des résistances d'affaiblissement (8).
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'espace libre compris entre les demi conducteurs plats (2'; 3') est rempli de mousse (7), ou en ce que les demi conducteurs plats sont fixés côté extérieur de l'antenne, sur des supports.
6. Antenne directive selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce qu'une rangée (6) se compose d'environ 30 éléments d'antenne directive (1') avec un diamètre d'ouverture inférieur à 10 cm, une hauteur d'environ 30 cm et une largeur côté ouverture des conducteurs plats (2', 3') d'environ 2 cm, et présente une longueur d'environ 60 à 70 cm, de sorte que lors de l'addition avec décalage de la durée de fonctionnement des impulsions reçues, on obtient une impulsion efficace d'environ 500 ps de la largeur de base, bien que les différents éléments d'antenne directive (1') soient alimentés par une impulsion beaucoup plus courte (environ 100 à 200 ps).
EP86100386A 1985-02-06 1986-01-14 Disposition d'antenne directive à large bande Expired - Lifetime EP0190569B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3503990 1985-02-06
DE3503990A DE3503990C2 (de) 1985-02-06 1985-02-06 Breitbandiges Richtantennensystem

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0190569A2 EP0190569A2 (fr) 1986-08-13
EP0190569A3 EP0190569A3 (en) 1987-10-28
EP0190569B1 true EP0190569B1 (fr) 1990-04-04

Family

ID=6261803

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86100386A Expired - Lifetime EP0190569B1 (fr) 1985-02-06 1986-01-14 Disposition d'antenne directive à large bande

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4811027A (fr)
EP (1) EP0190569B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3503990C2 (fr)
IL (1) IL77519A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010014916A1 (de) * 2010-04-14 2011-10-20 Aeromaritime Systembau Gmbh Phasengesteuerte Gruppenantenne

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19732026A1 (de) * 1997-07-25 1999-01-28 Alphasat Communication Gmbh Mikrowellenkamera
US5959591A (en) * 1997-08-20 1999-09-28 Sandia Corporation Transverse electromagnetic horn antenna with resistively-loaded exterior surfaces
US7042385B1 (en) * 2003-09-16 2006-05-09 Niitek, Inc. Non-intrusive inspection impulse radar antenna

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DE970327C (de) * 1936-03-07 1958-09-11 Pintsch Bamag Ag Einrichtung zum Buendeln ultrakurzer elektromagnetischer Wellen
US2454766A (en) * 1943-04-24 1948-11-30 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Broad band antenna
US2591486A (en) * 1949-12-31 1952-04-01 Rca Corp Electromagnetic horn antenna
US2751586A (en) * 1950-11-22 1956-06-19 Raytheon Mfg Co Signal-wave transmission systems
US2998602A (en) * 1951-10-03 1961-08-29 John C Cacheris Energy decoupling of closely spaced radar antenna horns
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US3099836A (en) * 1960-05-16 1963-07-30 Lockheed Aircraft Corp V-strip antenna with artificial dielectric lens
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DE1516756A1 (de) * 1966-04-22 1969-06-26 Graziadei Dr Phil Heinz Breitband-Richtstrahler
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FR2015415A7 (fr) * 1968-08-10 1970-04-24 Eltro Gmbh
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JPS5215725Y2 (fr) * 1972-08-18 1977-04-08
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FR2333256A1 (fr) * 1975-11-26 1977-06-24 Electrolocation Ltd Reseaux d'antennes, notamment destines a l'inspection electromagnetique pour la recherche de defauts ou de derangements souterrains a des conduites et des cables
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010014916A1 (de) * 2010-04-14 2011-10-20 Aeromaritime Systembau Gmbh Phasengesteuerte Gruppenantenne
DE102010014916B4 (de) * 2010-04-14 2012-10-31 Aeromaritime Systembau Gmbh Phasengesteuerte Gruppenantenne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0190569A2 (fr) 1986-08-13
IL77519A (en) 1990-04-29
DE3503990C2 (de) 1986-11-20
US4811027A (en) 1989-03-07
DE3670179D1 (de) 1990-05-10
DE3503990A1 (de) 1986-08-07
EP0190569A3 (en) 1987-10-28

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