EP0190569B1 - Broad-band directional-antenna arrangement - Google Patents

Broad-band directional-antenna arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0190569B1
EP0190569B1 EP86100386A EP86100386A EP0190569B1 EP 0190569 B1 EP0190569 B1 EP 0190569B1 EP 86100386 A EP86100386 A EP 86100386A EP 86100386 A EP86100386 A EP 86100386A EP 0190569 B1 EP0190569 B1 EP 0190569B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna elements
arrangement
flat strip
strip transmission
aperture
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP86100386A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0190569A3 (en
EP0190569A2 (en
Inventor
Günter Wichmann
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Eltro GmbH and Co
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Eltro GmbH and Co
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Publication of EP0190569A2 publication Critical patent/EP0190569A2/en
Publication of EP0190569A3 publication Critical patent/EP0190569A3/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a broadband directional antenna arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such an antenna is the subject of US Pat. No. 3,860,933.
  • the antenna elements here consist of slots of equal length in different directions, which are provided on the narrow side of a hollow body with a rectangular cross section. A ribbon cable common to them is fed through these slots.
  • Antennas of this type have a relatively large aperture and the resulting coarse resolution. They can be used to locate objects of small geometric dimensions hidden in the ground. Further detailed statements - e.g. on the other hand, dimensions, shape and location cannot be determined. On the other hand, if you choose an antenna with a smaller aperture, you can only use it to send out a short search pulse, which may occur, especially when the soil is wet and the attenuation caused by it. no longer penetrates deep enough to notice small objects.
  • the small apertures which are favorable in terms of good resolving power, also have the disadvantage that they can only be used to obscure objects that are hidden directly below the surface of the earth, e.g. Rifle mines, but not those at a greater depth, e.g. Tank mines can be located because apertures of this size cannot be used to radiate sufficiently long or low-frequency impulses.
  • the object of the invention is seen in the improvement of the generic directional antenna in such a way that it can be used to carry out a finely rastered scanning of small objects hidden in the ground in terms of their depth effect for the purpose of determining them as clearly as possible.
  • This object is achieved by the features mentioned in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the directional antenna 1 in Fig. 1 consists essentially of the two ribbon conductors 2 and 3. From their feed point 4, in the area of which the ribbon conductors are narrow, they run almost parallel, but then widen towards the aperture level, while the parallel Gradually changes into an expansion. If high-frequency energy is fed in at the feed point 4 via the coaxial line 5, pulse widths of the order of 500 ps can be emitted, the amplitudes of which approximately correspond to the envelope curve 10 in FIG. 4. If the impulses are to be emitted without errors, the total length of such an antenna is approximately 1 1/2 m and its aperture in both directions is approximately 25--30 cm. To this extent, it is known prior art.
  • directional antennas of these dimensions emit sufficiently long pulses to e.g. When penetrating deeply enough to search for objects hidden in the ground, they are not suitable for all purposes. They are too bulky and too large in their aperture to accommodate many such antennas, e.g. as a line of antennas across the front of a vehicle to enable a finely rasterized scanning According to the invention, which can be seen above all from FIG. 2, it is therefore proposed to arrange several smaller and identical antenna elements 1 'next to one another in a row so that the extent of their apertures corresponds to that of the conventional large directional antenna 1 from FIG. 1.
  • the arrangement of the antenna elements 1 ' can be expanded to a line 6 which in the line direction still exceeds the size of a large individual antenna 1 (FIG. 1). In the present exemplary embodiment, this would be approximately 30 antenna elements 1 'per line 6 with a height of about 30 cm, an aperture of about 7.5 cm per element, an aperture-side width of the ribbon conductors 2 ', 3' of about 2 cm and a line length of about 60 to 70 cm.
  • the material used here is, for example, brass.
  • Such a line arrangement of antenna elements is suitable as a handheld device for detecting small objects hidden in the ground, e.g. Mines, both from rifle mines, which are usually located directly below the surface of the earth, and from somewhat deeper, usually around 20 cm, tank mines sunk in the ground, in the latter case an additional electrical measure being required, at the end the description is discussed in more detail.
  • mines both from rifle mines, which are usually located directly below the surface of the earth, and from somewhat deeper, usually around 20 cm, tank mines sunk in the ground, in the latter case an additional electrical measure being required, at the end the description is discussed in more detail.
  • the antenna elements 1 ' can be attached to holders provided on the outside instead of the foam filling.
  • the ends of the ribbon conductors 2 ', 3' on the aperture side border the absorber plates 11 on both sides of the rows 6 for the purpose of reducing the total length of the antenna elements 1 '. They are arranged parallel to the axes of symmetry of the directional antenna elements 1' and functionally form part of the antenna elements.
  • the effect achieved can be further supported in that the flat conductor ends of adjacent antenna elements 1 'of a row 6 are connected to one another via damping resistors 8.
  • damping resistors can also be used alternatively.
  • FIG. 2 The mosaic or matrix structure of FIG. 2 is shown on the radiation side, that is to say seen from its underside, in FIG. 3 on its own. If such a device consists of only a single row 6, its antenna individual elements 1 'can be activated either individually or — for the purpose of enlarging the aperture — in groups when searching for objects hidden in the ground. If, on the other hand, the device consists - as shown - of several lines 6, entire fields of such antenna elements can also be activated together. The smaller, heavily framed field is intended for rifle and mine for tank mines. The invention is neither limited to the number of bundled antenna elements nor to the direction of activation, because in principle, column-by-column activation is also conceivable in addition to row-by-row.
  • the following trick is used in accordance with FIG. 4:
  • a runtime shift can be caused by their number and size.
  • the amplitudes of the individual pulses which are emitted by the antenna elements which are activated in accordance with the desired aperture size can now be delayed and added up in a manner which simulates a low-frequency signal 10.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine breitbandige Richtantennenanordnung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a broadband directional antenna arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine solche Antenne ist Gegenstand der US-PS 3,860,933. Die Antennenelemente bestehen hier aus gleichlangen Schlitzen unterschiedlicher Richtung, die an der Schmalseite eines Hohlkörpers mit rechteckigem Querschnitt vorgesehen sind. Über diese Schlitze wird eine ihnen gemeinsame Flachbandleitung gespeist. Auch die FR-A-2015415, die GB-PS 964458, die US-PS 3,099,386 und die Fachzeitschrift IEE Proc., Vol. 130, Pt. H, No. 6, Oct. 1983, Seiten 403-409, insbesondere Fig. 2 und zugehöriger Text, behandeln jeweils Antennen mit einer Flachbandleitung, bei der die Impedanz des Speisekabels derjenigen des freien Raumes weitgehend angepaßt ist.Such an antenna is the subject of US Pat. No. 3,860,933. The antenna elements here consist of slots of equal length in different directions, which are provided on the narrow side of a hollow body with a rectangular cross section. A ribbon cable common to them is fed through these slots. FR-A-2015415, GB-PS 964458, US-PS 3,099,386 and the trade journal IEE Proc., Vol. 130, Pt. H, No. 6, Oct. 1983, pages 403-409, in particular Fig. 2 and associated text, treat antennas with a ribbon cable, in which the impedance of the feed cable is largely matched to that of the free space.

Antennen dieser Art besitzen eine relativ große Apertur sowie eine dadurch bedingte grobe Auflösung. Mit ihnen kann man zwar im Erdreich verborgene Gegenstänae kleiner geometrischer Abmessungen orten. Darüberhinausgehende genauere Aussagen - z.B. über Ausmaße, Form und Lage-lassen sich dagegen nicht treffen. Wählt man andererseits eine in ihrer Apertur kleinere Antenne, so kann man mit ihr nur einen kurzen Suchimpuls aussenden, der vor allem bei nassem Erdreich und dadurch bedingter Dämpfung, u.U. nicht mehr tief genug eindringt, um kleine Gegenstände wahrzunehmen. Die hinsichtlich eines guten Auflösungsvermögens zwar günstigen kleinen Aperturen besitzen außerdem den Nachteil, daß sich mit ihnen nur Gegenstände, die unmittelbar unter der Erdoberfläche verborgen liegen, z.B. Schützenminen, nicht dagegen solche in einer größeren Tiefe, z.B. Panzerminen, orten lassen, weil sich mit Aperturen dieser Größenordnung keine hinreichend langen bzw. niederfrequenten Impulse gebündelt abstrahlen lassen.Antennas of this type have a relatively large aperture and the resulting coarse resolution. They can be used to locate objects of small geometric dimensions hidden in the ground. Further detailed statements - e.g. on the other hand, dimensions, shape and location cannot be determined. On the other hand, if you choose an antenna with a smaller aperture, you can only use it to send out a short search pulse, which may occur, especially when the soil is wet and the attenuation caused by it. no longer penetrates deep enough to notice small objects. The small apertures, which are favorable in terms of good resolving power, also have the disadvantage that they can only be used to obscure objects that are hidden directly below the surface of the earth, e.g. Rifle mines, but not those at a greater depth, e.g. Tank mines can be located because apertures of this size cannot be used to radiate sufficiently long or low-frequency impulses.

Aus der DE-OS 15 16 756 ist sodann eine den letztgenannten Ausführungsformen ähnliche Antenne mit Flachbandleitung bekannt. Zum Zweck einer extremen Strahlungsbünde- lung-z.B. für radioastronomische Zwecke--können hier auch mehrere solcher Antennen flächenartig zusammengefaßt werden. Über die geometrische Ausbildung einer solchen Fläche, die Größe der verwendeten Antennenelemente, die Faltung des Strahlungskörpers und die Empfängerseite finden sich hingegen keine Angaben.From DE-OS 15 16 756 an antenna with a ribbon cable similar to the latter embodiments is known. For the purpose of extreme radiation bundling - e.g. for radio astronomical purposes - several such antennas can also be combined here. On the other hand, there is no information about the geometric design of such an area, the size of the antenna elements used, the folding of the radiating body and the receiver side.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird in der Verbesserung der gattungsgemäßen Richtantenne dahingehend gesehen, daß sich mit ihr eine feingerasterte und in ihrer Tiefenwirkung hinlängliche Abtastung von im Erdreich verborgenen kleinen Gegenständen zwecks deren möglichst eindeutiger Bestimmung durchführen läßt. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 genannten Merkmale gelöst. Diese Maßnahmen gewährleisten, daß beim Einsatz solcher Antennen nicht nur die Existenz eines im Erdboden verborgenen Gegenstands schlechthin signalisiert wird, sondern sie ermöglichen darüberhinaus auch noch genauere Aussagen über Abmessungen und Form bzw. Kontur des georteten Gegenstandes, so daß Rückschlüsse auf seine Lage und sein Aussehen möglich werden.The object of the invention is seen in the improvement of the generic directional antenna in such a way that it can be used to carry out a finely rastered scanning of small objects hidden in the ground in terms of their depth effect for the purpose of determining them as clearly as possible. This object is achieved by the features mentioned in the characterizing part of claim 1. These measures ensure that the use of such antennas not only signals the existence of an object hidden in the ground, but also enables more precise statements about the dimensions and shape or contour of the located object, so that conclusions can be drawn about its position and appearance become possible.

Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Im folgenden werden an Hand einer Zeichnung Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher beschrieben, wobei die in den einzelnen Figuren einander entsprechenden Teile dieselben Bezugszahlen aufweisen. Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 ide Flachbandleitung einer herkömmlichen Exponential-Bandleitungsantenne,
  • Fig. 2 die nach Art eines Mosaiks ausgelegte erfindungsgemäße Antenne mit mehreren Zeilen zu je ca. 30 Antennenelementen,
  • Fig. 3 die mosaikförmige Abstrahlseite der Antenne gemäß Fig. 2 und
  • Fig. 4 den empfängerseitigen Summierungsvorgang der Signalimpulse der aktivierten Antennenelemente in der Art eines niederfrequenten Signals der Antenne gemäß Fig. 2 und 3.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to a drawing, the parts corresponding to one another in the individual figures having the same reference numbers. It shows
  • 1 the ribbon cable of a conventional exponential ribbon cable antenna,
  • 2 shows the antenna according to the invention, designed in the manner of a mosaic, with a plurality of lines of about 30 antenna elements each,
  • 3 shows the mosaic-shaped radiation side of the antenna according to FIG. 2 and
  • 4 shows the receiver-side summing process of the signal pulses of the activated antenna elements in the manner of a low-frequency signal from the antenna according to FIGS. 2 and 3.

Die Richtantenne 1 in Fig. 1 besteht im wesentlichen aus den beiden Flachbandleitern 2 und 3. Von ihrem Speisepunkt 4 aus, in dessen Bereich die Flachbandleiter schmal ausgebildet sind, verlaufen sie nahezu parallel, verbreitern sich dann aber nach der Aperturebene hin, während der parallele Verlauf allmählich in eine Aufweitung übergeht. Wenn im Speisepunkt 4 über die Koaxialleitung 5 Hochfrequenzenergie eingespeist wird, lassen sich Impulsbreiten von größenordnungsmäßig 500 ps ausstrahlen, deren Amplituden etwa der Hüllkurve 10 in Fig. 4 entsprechen. Sofern die Impulse fehlerfrei abgestrahlt werden sollen, beträgt die Gesamtlänge einer solchen Antenne etwa 1 1/2 m und ihre Apertur ein beiden Richtungen etwa 25--30 cm. Insoweit handelt es sich um bekannten Stand der Technik.The directional antenna 1 in Fig. 1 consists essentially of the two ribbon conductors 2 and 3. From their feed point 4, in the area of which the ribbon conductors are narrow, they run almost parallel, but then widen towards the aperture level, while the parallel Gradually changes into an expansion. If high-frequency energy is fed in at the feed point 4 via the coaxial line 5, pulse widths of the order of 500 ps can be emitted, the amplitudes of which approximately correspond to the envelope curve 10 in FIG. 4. If the impulses are to be emitted without errors, the total length of such an antenna is approximately 1 1/2 m and its aperture in both directions is approximately 25--30 cm. To this extent, it is known prior art.

Obgleich Richtantennen dieser Dimensionen genügend lange Impulse abstrahlen, um z.B. beim Suchen nach im Erdboden verborgenen Gegenständen tief genuz einzudringen, sind sie nicht für alle Verwendungszwecke geeignet. Sie sind zu unhandlich und in ihrer Apertur zu groß, um bei Anordnung vieler solcher Antennen nebeneinander, z.B. als Antennenzeile quer vor einem Fahrzeug, eine feingerasterte Abtastung zu ermöglichen. Gemäß der vor allem aus Fig. 2 ersichtlichen Erfindung wird daher vorgeschlagen, mehrere kleinere und unter sich gleiche Antennenelemente 1' in einer Zeile abstandslos so nebeneinander anzuordnen, daß die Ausdehnung ihrer Aperturen derjenigen der herkömmlichen großen Richtantenne 1 von Fig. 1 entspricht.Although directional antennas of these dimensions emit sufficiently long pulses to e.g. When penetrating deeply enough to search for objects hidden in the ground, they are not suitable for all purposes. They are too bulky and too large in their aperture to accommodate many such antennas, e.g. as a line of antennas across the front of a vehicle to enable a finely rasterized scanning According to the invention, which can be seen above all from FIG. 2, it is therefore proposed to arrange several smaller and identical antenna elements 1 'next to one another in a row so that the extent of their apertures corresponds to that of the conventional large directional antenna 1 from FIG. 1.

Um einen horizontalen Abtastvorgang über einen nich größeren Bodenbereich zu ermöglichen, kann die Anordnung der Antennenelemente 1' zu einer Zeile 6 erweitert werden, die in Zeilenrichtung noch über das Maß einer großen Einzelantenne 1 (Fig. 1) hinausgeht. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel wären dies etwa 30 Antennenelemente 1' pro Zeile 6 mit einer Höhe von etwa 30 cm, einer Apertur pro Element von etwa 7,5 cm, einer aperturseitigen Breite der Flachbandleiter 2', 3' von etwa 2 cm und einer Zeilenlänge von etwa 60 bis 70 cm. Das hierbei verwendete Material ist beispielsweise Messing.In order to enable a horizontal scanning process over a not larger floor area, the arrangement of the antenna elements 1 'can be expanded to a line 6 which in the line direction still exceeds the size of a large individual antenna 1 (FIG. 1). In the present exemplary embodiment, this would be approximately 30 antenna elements 1 'per line 6 with a height of about 30 cm, an aperture of about 7.5 cm per element, an aperture-side width of the ribbon conductors 2 ', 3' of about 2 cm and a line length of about 60 to 70 cm. The material used here is, for example, brass.

Eine solche Zeilenanordnung von Antennenelementen eignet sich als Handgerät zum Aufspüren von im Erdboden verborgenen kleinen Gegenständen, z.B. Minen, und zwar sowohl von für gewöhnlich unmittelbar unter der Erdoberfläche befindlichen Schützenminen, als auch von etwas tiefer, in der Regel um die 20 cm, im Erdboden versenkten Panzerminen, wobei es in letzterem Fall noch einer zusätzlichen elektrischen Maßnahme bedarf, auf die am Schluß der Beschreibung näher eingegangen wird.Such a line arrangement of antenna elements is suitable as a handheld device for detecting small objects hidden in the ground, e.g. Mines, both from rifle mines, which are usually located directly below the surface of the earth, and from somewhat deeper, usually around 20 cm, tank mines sunk in the ground, in the latter case an additional electrical measure being required, at the end the description is discussed in more detail.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 sind mehrere, z.B. drei, Zeilen 6 miteinander verbunden, so daß insgesamt der Eindruck eines mosaik-oder matrixförmigen Aufbaus entsteht. Der Freiraum zwischen den Flachbandleitern 2' und 3' ist aus Stabilitätsgründen mit einem leichten, elektrisch indifferenten Stoff 7, z.B. Schaumstoff, ausgefüllt. Bei einem anderen, zeichnerisch nicht dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel können die Antennenelemente 1' anstelle der Schaumstoff-Füllung an außenseitig vorgesehenen Halterungen befestigt werden. Die aperturseitigen Enden der Flachbandleiter 2', 3' grenzen zum Zweck einer Verkleinerung der Gesamtlänge der Antennenelemente 1' beiderseits der Zeilen 6 an Absorberplatten 11. Sie sind parallel zu den Symmetrieachsen der Richtantennenelemente 1' angeordnet und funktionsmäßig Bestandteil der Antennenelemente. Der erzielte Effekt läßt sich noch dadurch unterstützen, daß die Flachbandleiter-Enden benachbarter Antennenelemente 1' einer Zeile 6 über Dämpfungswiderstände 8 miteinander verbunden werden. Platten und Dämpfungswiderstände können jedoch auch alternativ verwendet werden.In the embodiment according to Fig. 2 several, e.g. three, lines 6 connected to each other, so that the overall impression of a mosaic or matrix-shaped structure. The space between the flat conductors 2 'and 3' is for reasons of stability with a light, electrically indifferent material 7, e.g. Foam filled out. In another embodiment, not shown in the drawing, the antenna elements 1 'can be attached to holders provided on the outside instead of the foam filling. The ends of the ribbon conductors 2 ', 3' on the aperture side border the absorber plates 11 on both sides of the rows 6 for the purpose of reducing the total length of the antenna elements 1 '. They are arranged parallel to the axes of symmetry of the directional antenna elements 1' and functionally form part of the antenna elements. The effect achieved can be further supported in that the flat conductor ends of adjacent antenna elements 1 'of a row 6 are connected to one another via damping resistors 8. However, plates and damping resistors can also be used alternatively.

Der mosaik- oder matrixförmige Aufbau der Fig. 2 ist abstrahlseitig, das heißt von seiner Unterseite her gesehen, in Fig. 3 für sich genommen dargestellt. Wenn ein solches Gerät aus nur einer einzigen Zeile 6 besteht, so lassen sich seine Antenneneinzelelemente 1' beim Suchen nach im Erdboden verborgenen Gegenständen entweder einzeln oder-zum Zweck der Vergrößerung der Apertur-in Gruppen aktivieren. Besteht das Gerät dagegen-wie dargestellt-aus mehreren Zeilen 6, so lassen sich auch ganze Felder solcher Antennenelemente gemeinsam aktivieren. Das kleinere stark umrandet dargestellte Feld ist hierbei für Schützen- und das größere für Panzerminen vorgesehen. Die Erfindung ist weder auf die Anzahl der gebündelten Antennenelemente noch auf die Richtung der Ansteuerung beschränkt, denn grundsätzlich ist außer der zeilenweisen auch eine spaltenweise Ansteuerung denkbar.The mosaic or matrix structure of FIG. 2 is shown on the radiation side, that is to say seen from its underside, in FIG. 3 on its own. If such a device consists of only a single row 6, its antenna individual elements 1 'can be activated either individually or — for the purpose of enlarging the aperture — in groups when searching for objects hidden in the ground. If, on the other hand, the device consists - as shown - of several lines 6, entire fields of such antenna elements can also be activated together. The smaller, heavily framed field is intended for rifle and mine for tank mines. The invention is neither limited to the number of bundled antenna elements nor to the direction of activation, because in principle, column-by-column activation is also conceivable in addition to row-by-row.

Um mit diesen Antennenelementen 1', die, wie vorstehend erläutert, eine gute Auflösung und praktisch jede erforderliche Aperturgröße ermöglichen, vor allem bei nassem Erdreich auch tiefer liegende Gegenstände zu orten, bedient man sich nach Fig. 4 folgenden Kunstgriffs: In der empfängerseitigen Schaltung werden Verzögerungsglieder vorgesehen. Über ihre Anzahl und Größe läßt sich eine Laufzeitverschiebung bewirken. Die Amplituden der Einzelimpulse, die von den der gewünschten Aperturgröße entsprechend aktivierten Antennenelementen abgestrahlt werden, können jetzt laufzeitverschoben und in einer ein niederfrequentes Signal 10 simulierenden Weise aufaddiert werden. Nach einer zeichnerisch nicht dargestelltn Variante ist es auch möglich, anstelle des Aufsummierens, laufzeitverzögerter Einzelimpulse ganze Impulsketten in den Erdboden abzustrahlen, deren Umhüllende einem langen Impuls entspricht.In order to locate deeper objects with these antenna elements 1 ', which, as explained above, enable good resolution and practically any required aperture size, especially in wet soil, the following trick is used in accordance with FIG. 4: In the receiver-side circuit Delay elements provided. A runtime shift can be caused by their number and size. The amplitudes of the individual pulses which are emitted by the antenna elements which are activated in accordance with the desired aperture size can now be delayed and added up in a manner which simulates a low-frequency signal 10. According to a variant not shown in the drawing, it is also possible to emit entire pulse chains into the ground, the envelope of which corresponds to a long pulse, instead of summing up delayed individual pulses.

Es versteht sich, daß die Erfindung nicht auf die erwähnten Zahlen- und Materialangaben beschränkt ist, sondern dieselben den jeweiligen Einsatzverhältnissen angepaßt werden müssen.It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the numbers and materials mentioned, but must be adapted to the respective conditions of use.

Claims (6)

1. Broadband directional antenna arrangement with a circuit on the receiver side, the broadband directional antenna arrangement comprising a plurality of antenna elements which lie adjacent one another without gaps in the form of lines and, from the supply point, comprising flat strip transmission line halves extending almost parallel and formed such that they are wider and further apart towards the aperture side, characterised in that:
a) the individual antenna elements (1') are formed as flat strip transmission lines (2', 3') which are identical to one another and as small as possible;
b) on each of both sides of a line of antenna elements (1') an absorber plate (11) extends parallel to the axis of symmetry of the elements and flush with the aperture plane; and
c) the amplitudes of the individual pulses (9) radiated by the activated antenna elements (1') are added in the circuit on the receiver side in a time-delayed manner in a way simulating a low- frequency signal (10).
2. Arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that a plurality of lines of antenna elements (1') are combined to form at least one field.
3. Arrangement as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the antenna elements (1') or fields can be directed such that they are slightly offset with respect to one another.
4. Arrangement as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ends on the aperture side of the flat strip transmission line halves (2' and 3' respectively) of adjacent antenna elements (1') of a line (6) are connected to one another by attenuators (8).
5. Arrangement as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the empty space between the flat strip transmission line halves (2'; 3') is filled with foam (7) or the flat strip transmission line halves are secured on the outer side of the antenna to mountings.
6. Directional antenna according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that a line (6) comprises approximately 30 directional antenna elements (1') with an aperture diameter of less than 10 cm, a height of approximately 30 cm and a width on the aperture side of the flat strip transmission lines (2'; 3') of approximately 2 cm and a length of 60 to 7 cm such that, when the pulses received are added in a time-delayed manner, an effective pulse of aprpoximately 500 ps base width is obtained, although the individual directional antenna elements (1') are supplied with a pulse which is much shorter (approximately 100-200 ps).
EP86100386A 1985-02-06 1986-01-14 Broad-band directional-antenna arrangement Expired - Lifetime EP0190569B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3503990A DE3503990C2 (en) 1985-02-06 1985-02-06 Broadband directional antenna system
DE3503990 1985-02-06

Publications (3)

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EP0190569A2 EP0190569A2 (en) 1986-08-13
EP0190569A3 EP0190569A3 (en) 1987-10-28
EP0190569B1 true EP0190569B1 (en) 1990-04-04

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US (1) US4811027A (en)
EP (1) EP0190569B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3503990C2 (en)
IL (1) IL77519A (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0190569A3 (en) 1987-10-28
DE3503990A1 (en) 1986-08-07
US4811027A (en) 1989-03-07
DE3670179D1 (en) 1990-05-10
DE3503990C2 (en) 1986-11-20
IL77519A (en) 1990-04-29
EP0190569A2 (en) 1986-08-13

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