EP0185063A1 - COPOLYMERE UND BLENDS VON POLYMEREN MIT KONJUGIERTEM $g(p)-SYSTEM - Google Patents

COPOLYMERE UND BLENDS VON POLYMEREN MIT KONJUGIERTEM $g(p)-SYSTEM

Info

Publication number
EP0185063A1
EP0185063A1 EP85902972A EP85902972A EP0185063A1 EP 0185063 A1 EP0185063 A1 EP 0185063A1 EP 85902972 A EP85902972 A EP 85902972A EP 85902972 A EP85902972 A EP 85902972A EP 0185063 A1 EP0185063 A1 EP 0185063A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
copolymers
component
ferrocene
blends
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85902972A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Klaus Menke
Walter KLÖPFFER
Klaus Wollmann
Hermann Schomann
Peter Wiesert
Wolfram Krieger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Battelle Institut eV
Original Assignee
Battelle Institut eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Battelle Institut eV filed Critical Battelle Institut eV
Publication of EP0185063A1 publication Critical patent/EP0185063A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
    • C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
    • C08C19/26—Incorporating metal atoms into the molecule
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
    • C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
    • C08C19/30—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule
    • C08C19/42—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/04—Reduction, e.g. hydrogenation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/06—Oxidation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
    • H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
    • H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
    • H01B1/128—Intrinsically conductive polymers comprising six-membered aromatic rings in the main chain, e.g. polyanilines, polyphenylenes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • Oxidation or reduction means electron withdrawal or input into the ⁇ -electron system of the
  • polymers with a conjugated ⁇ -system have to be blended as block or graft copolymers or blends with conventional macromolecules that form flexible soft segments. Guce conductivities connected Those with good mechanical properties and processability are always obtained when the most homogeneous distribution of the conductive component in the matrix of the conventional polymer is achieved. Copolymers and blends of polyacetylene of this type are already known (Galvin and Wnek, J. of P ⁇ lym. Sei., Poiym. Chem. Ec. 21, 2727 (1983); Lee and Jopson, Makrom. Chem. Rapid Commun. 4, 375 (1933)).
  • the present invention has for its object to produce stable and as easy to process intrinsically conductive polymers.
  • copolymers and blends are composed essentially of polymeric components (A) without a conjugated ystem system and polymeric components (3) with a conjugated ⁇ system, component A having redox-active groups which are oxidized in or reduced state have an active potential which is sufficient for the oxidation or reduction of component B.
  • Preferred embodiments are described in subclaims 2 to 12.
  • redox-active compounds with polymerizable substituent are hemopolymerized or copolymerized in a manner known per se or are linked to polymers without a conjugated ⁇ system by chemical reaction and the polymer component A thus obtained is obtained is mixed in a known manner with the polymeric component B or with the monomer forming the component B and is oxidized or reduced chemically or electrochemically.
  • Subclaims 14 to 24 relate to advantageous variations of this method.
  • copolymers and blends according to the invention are particularly suitable as electrical conductors or semiconductors, in solar cells, for antistatic finishing of plastics, as materials with low surface resistance, suitable for capacitive sensing, as materials for electromagnetic shielding, as battery electrodes, as electrode materials and as membranes for the Electrochemistry and fuel cells can be used.
  • the invention enables, in particular, polypyrrole, polythiophene and derivatives, such as substituted polypyrroles or polythiophenes, polymers from aromatic rings, pyrrole and / or thiophene units, and also polyanilines, which are obtained by oxidative polymerization of anillin, with non-conductive polymers ( ⁇ ⁇ 10 -8 s / cm) can be processed in a wide variety to copolymers or blends. Almost all conventional polymers, especially those with flexible and highly flexible chain forms, can be used as copolymers
  • Polypyrrole can be processed into electrically conductive plastics.
  • a prerequisite for this is the presence of redox-active groups, which can either be bound as a side chain substituent or themselves can be polymerized into the main chain as a functional monomer.
  • Particularly suitable redox-active groups are those which can be oxidized with high reversibility and reduced again and whose oxidation potentials are slightly above that of the polymer with conjugated " ⁇ system.
  • polypyrrole polyaniline and alternating ones composed of aromatic and pyrrole rings
  • this is ideally fulfilled by the dicyclopentadienyl iron or ferrocene complex.
  • the ferrocene complex can be reversibly oxidized at about +0, 4-0, 5 V compared to SCE and in this form, as ferricenium salt, can oxidize the aforementioned polymers with a conjugated ug system and make them conductive.
  • Polypyrrole e.g. B. has an oxidation potential of -0.2 V and polyaniline of +0.1 V compared to SCE.
  • oxidation potential of -0.2 V
  • polyaniline of +0.1 V compared to SCE.
  • electrons are transferred to the ferrocene and anions to the polymer with conjugated ⁇ system:
  • ferrocene as a redox-active group in a blend consisting of polyphenylene or polynaphthalene pyrrole also enables electron and ion migration in the non-conductive part and thus brings about a quick and uniform doping of the conjugated polymer, which is not bound to freely accessible parts of the conductive component.
  • the binding of the ferrocane via substituents or directly to the cyclopentadienyl ring as a substituent on the side chain of a conventional is essential for the invention.
  • Binding as a side chain substituent is e.g. B.
  • polyvinyl chloride polybutadiene, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, copolymers of maleic anhydride and styrene, copolymers of butadiene and styrene, chloromethylated polystyrene or the like.
  • AICI 3 unsubstituted ferrocene.
  • temperature and reaction procedure weakly substituted uncrosslinked or highly substituted crosslinked polymers are obtained.
  • Binding of the ferrocene is also possible by diazotization of the poly-p-aminostyrene and subsequent reaction with ferrocene or ferricenium salts, by reaction of the ferrocenecarboxylic acid chloride with -NH 2 or -OH functionalized polymers, such as, for. B.
  • polyvinyl alcohol and copolymers such as partially saponified polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl butyral, further poly (1-hydroxypropen (2)) polyhydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl acrylate or methacrylate and copolymers thereof, poly (1-aminopropen (2)), poly (p -aminostyrene), poly (p-amino-styrene), poly (p-amino- ⁇ -methystyrene), polyvinylamine and copolymers thereof, and copolymers of aminopropyl-triethoxysilane and siloxane oligomers.
  • the introduction of the ferrocene chain into the side chain of polymers also succeeds by mono- or copolymerization of monomers which contain the ferrocene ring bound to a substituted polymerizable group.
  • Integration of the ferrocene in the main chain can e.g. B. by polycondensation or polyaddition with suitable substituents.
  • Ferrocene diisocyanate or ferrocene dialkyloxirane Ferrocene diisocyanate or ferrocene dialkyloxirane.
  • dihydroxylalkylferrocenes with monomeric dicarboxylic acids or carboxyl-terminated polyesters, with monomeric or oligomeric diisocyanates or prepolymeric epoxy resins can be converted into polymers with a ferrocene complex in the main chain.
  • transition metal complexes e.g. B. of Fe lII / l I , co II / I II and Ru II / III , which about
  • Ligands are bound to a polymer chain and show reversible redoxy obtained, can be used according to the invention.
  • B iron, cobaite or ruthenium salts complexed by poly (4) - (or -2-) vinylpyridine or polyvinylbipyridine.
  • Polymer-bound metal salicylates, metal salicylaldehyde, metal salicylaldehyde imine complexes, Pfeiffer complexes complexed via amino acids and the like can be used according to the invention.
  • polymers with reversibly oxidizable and. Can also be used for the production of copolymers or blends. reducible organic groups.
  • polymers with quinoid systems in main or side chains can be used.
  • B. a polybenzoquinone tetracarboxylic anhydride that can be reacted with eexamethylene diamine to give benzoquinone main chain polymer or with poly-p-aminostryrol to side-cushion polymers.
  • the coordination of oxidation and reduction potentials is essential for the combination of the redox-active polymers described with polymers which have a conjugated II-electron system.
  • the electroactive state of the polymer with isolated redox-active groups can only be exploited if the oxidation potential of the polymer with conjugated II system is lower or its reducing potential is higher than that of the copolymers.
  • the polymer with redox-active groups must either be able to oxidize the conjugated polymer in the oxidized state and thus render it electronically conductive, or else it must be able to reduce a polymer with a conjugated II system in the reduced state.
  • Polymer-bound ferrocenes can therefore be ideally used as a copolymer or blend for polypyrrole, which, although they do not polymerize, can oxidize and make them conductive.
  • These polypyrrole blends are produced according to the invention by using either anodically or chemically a homogeneous mixture of a dissolved or poured ferrocene polymer. Pyrrole is oxidized together. Electrochemical at potentials of
  • the contents of the redox-active component and the proportion of the conductive polymer can be varied within wide limits of approximately 1-90 mol%.
  • Solvents such as acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, nitromethane, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, N-methylpyrrolidone, EMFT or the like, are suitable for electrochemical production, with low water content, together with soluble tetraalkylammonium or lithium salts.
  • the polymerization of pyrrole and the production of blends are also possible from acidic aqueous solution.
  • the anions must be stable to oxidation and must not be less than a certain size. For example, B.
  • blends of ferrocene polymers and polypyrrole can also be produced by chemical oxidation. This is preferably done by means of ferric III salts in a purely organic or aqueous / organic solution or dispersion. FeCl 3 or Fe (ClO 4 ) 3.9H 2 O are suitable for this purpose, but also other oxidizing agents, such as bichromate or H 2 O 2 solution.
  • reaction with the ferrocene polymer / pyrrole mixture advantageously takes place in acezonitrile or in the two-phase methylene chloride / water system.
  • a particular variant of this invention consists in using a copolymer with ferrocenyl and carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid substituents, in which the charges of the oxidized ferrocene and the polypyrrole can be compensated by the acid anions of the polymer during oxidation. According to the invention, this can be achieved by means of chemical oxidation by means of Eisan-III-acetylacetonate or by electrochemical oxidation, protons and electrons being removed from the polymer in each case.
  • copolymers and blends according to the invention show good mechanical and application properties. They can either be processed from solution during manufacture or can be brought into various forms in a thermoplastic manner. With a suitable selection of copolymers and ferrocene content, they can be processed into molded articles with a smooth, electrically highly conductive surface. They can therefore be used for applications in which a surface structure is scanned electrically optically or capacitively. They are also superior to soot- or metal-filled plastics.
  • copolymers according to the invention as battery or fuel cell electrodes. This results in the combination of a highly reversible redox system with a conductor capable polymer. Oxidation and reduction cycles of the redox-active component can be used ideally for electrochemical storage purposes. While the electrochemical catalytic effect is used in fuel cells, there is also the possibility of use as chemical catalysts with active transition metal centers. Other possible applications are electrical conductors or low-density semiconductors, materials for electromagnetic shielding, as solar cells or for the antistatic finishing of plastics.
  • Ferrocenylbutadiene in oxidized form is co-poured with pyrrole in dichloroethane and then reacted with aqueous iron III perchlorate solution in a two-phase reaction.
  • the resulting blend is with
  • 3 g of ferrocenyl polystyrene are mixed with 1.1 g of pyrrole in acetonitrile and oxidized by dropwise addition of 17.2 g of ferric perchlorate dissolved in 25 ml of acetonitrile.
  • ferrocene 1.2 g are dissolved in 1 g of AICI 3 in dichloroethane, mixed with 6 g of polymethacrylic acid ethyl ester in dichloroethane and heated under reflux for one hour.
  • the mixture is poured into ice water, acidified with dil. HCl, the organic phase is separated off in a separating funnel and concentrated by evaporation.
  • the polymer is precipitated by pouring it into methanol, washing with methanol and drying.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
EP85902972A 1984-05-26 1985-04-26 COPOLYMERE UND BLENDS VON POLYMEREN MIT KONJUGIERTEM $g(p)-SYSTEM Withdrawn EP0185063A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3419788 1984-05-26
DE19843419788 DE3419788A1 (de) 1984-05-26 1984-05-26 Copolymere und blends von polymeren mit konjugiertem (pi)-system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0185063A1 true EP0185063A1 (de) 1986-06-25

Family

ID=6236989

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85902972A Withdrawn EP0185063A1 (de) 1984-05-26 1985-04-26 COPOLYMERE UND BLENDS VON POLYMEREN MIT KONJUGIERTEM $g(p)-SYSTEM

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0185063A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS61502261A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CA (1) CA1269194A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE3419788A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
WO (1) WO1985005728A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI74715C (fi) * 1985-07-24 1988-03-10 Neste Oy Elledande polytiofen och foerfarande foer dess framstaellning och anvaendning.
JPH0784553B2 (ja) * 1986-11-26 1995-09-13 三井東圧化学株式会社 芳香族系化合物重合体複合膜及びその製造方法
GB8714239D0 (en) * 1987-06-17 1987-07-22 Dowty Mining Machinery Ltd Solid state batteries
FI82702C (fi) * 1987-07-29 1991-04-10 Neste Oy Elledande plastkompositer, som innehaoller poly (3-alkyltiofen)
GB2210044A (en) * 1987-09-16 1989-06-01 Dow Chemical Gmbh Electrically conductive polymer compositions and polymers useful for preparing the polymer compositions
US5151224A (en) * 1988-05-05 1992-09-29 Osaka Gas Company, Ltd. Tetrasulfonated metal phthalocyanine doped electrically conducting electrochromic poly(dithiophene) polymers
US4877646A (en) * 1988-06-27 1989-10-31 Milliken Research Corporation Method for making electrically conductive textile materials
US5520849A (en) * 1988-09-16 1996-05-28 The Dow Chemical Company Electrically conductive polymer composition
JP2922521B2 (ja) * 1988-10-06 1999-07-26 昭和電工株式会社 固体電解コンデンサ
FI890427A7 (fi) * 1989-01-27 1990-07-28 Neste Oy Bruk av en elledande polymerkomposit.
FR2698631B1 (fr) * 1992-12-01 1995-02-10 Centre Nat Rech Scient Copolymères à propriétés rédox et leur utilisation pour l'élaboration de matériaux à conduction mixte.
KR950013182B1 (ko) * 1992-05-27 1995-10-25 국방과학연구소 전기활성 밀도가 높은 전도성 고분자 복합체 및 그 제조방법
US5388025A (en) * 1992-09-01 1995-02-07 Motorola, Inc. Rechargeable electrical energy storage device having organometallic electrodes
DE102009020544A1 (de) 2009-05-08 2010-11-11 Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Brennverbesserte Polystyrolkunststoffe
WO2012121417A1 (en) * 2011-03-09 2012-09-13 Waseda University Conducting polymer / redox polymer blends via in-situ oxidative polymerization - preparation methods and application as an electro-active polymeric materials

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3049551A1 (de) * 1980-12-31 1982-07-29 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Elektrisch leitfaehige poly(pyrrol)-derivate
DE3130497A1 (de) * 1981-07-23 1983-02-10 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Verfahren zur herstellung luftstabiler, elektrisch leitfaehiger, polymerer polyensysteme und ihre verwendung in der elektrotechnik und zur antistatischen ausruestung von kunststoffen
DE3223545A1 (de) * 1982-06-24 1983-12-29 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Copolymere von pyrrolen, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3419788C2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1988-02-04
CA1269194A (en) 1990-05-15
WO1985005728A1 (en) 1985-12-19
DE3419788A1 (de) 1985-11-28
JPS61502261A (ja) 1986-10-09

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