EP0156445A2 - Device for discharging receptacles, especially refuse receptacles - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP85/00052 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 18, 1985 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 18, 1985 PCT Filed Feb. 15, 1985 PCT Pub. No. WO85/03689 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 29, 1985.A device for emptying refuse bins, having a tipping frame to engage the bin, a fluid-actuated motor connected to the tipping frame for moving it between a first position wherein it is capable of initial engagement with and holding of the bin, and a second, tilted position, wherein the bin is partially inverted, so as to empty the contents thereof into a larger, collecting container. A switch is provided, responsive to placement of the bin in position on the frame. The device further includes a control circuit having a timing device operated by the switch. The switch initiates operation of the timing device to direct the functioning of the fluid-actuated motor. In a preferred embodiment, the switch is mechanical and is adapted to be engaged by the walls of the refuse bin. Upon the expiration of a predetermined interval established by the timing device, power to the fluid-actuated motor is removed, and the tipping frame carrying the emptied bin is returned to its initial position.

Description

The invention relates to a device for emptying containers, in particular garbage containers in collecting containers, in which a lifting and tipping device or tilting device driven by at least one pressure medium motor is provided with a lifting and tipping frame or tilting frame which receives the container to be emptied, the pressure medium motor or the pressure medium motors using a in the pressure medium power circuit used pressure medium valve is controlled, which is connected with its actuating device directly or indirectly to a control circuit which contains a time switch determining the time valve control for the movement sequence.

A device of this type is known from DE-A 27 21 059, in which a pressure switch which is attached to the side of the bed and is to be operated by hand is provided as the element which initiates the emptying process. As a result, it is necessary to first place the container to be emptied on the tipping frame or lifting / tipping frame, or at least to bring it into a suitable position, and then to actuate the automatic sequence of the emptying process to start the manual switch. In practice, it is inevitable that the container that is brought in or attached may not be correctly grasped by the lifting or tipping frame. The device known from DE-A 27 21 059 - is therefore associated with an increased risk of accidents.

Furthermore, from DE-PS 1 028 935 a garbage can tipper is known in which the control valve for the pressure medium motor is provided with a manual actuation element which, when the valve is brought into the actuation position for the pressure medium motor, can be inserted behind a retaining bar, one of which is also in the pressure medium power circuit arranged release device is assigned such that it pushes the manual control element of the control valve behind the retaining bar and releases the control valve to return to the starting position as soon as the corresponding compressed air supply is reached on the release device. The disengaging device itself is controlled by an overflow valve which is actuated by the pivot shaft of the tilting device or lifting and tilting device. If you want to provide the possibility of shaking the container to be emptied in the tipping position, a corresponding actuation cam can be provided on the pivot shaft of the tilting device or lifting / tilting device for the overflow valve and a flow restrictor in the feed line of the disengaging device. This causes a multiple in and out tilting movement in the end tilting area of the tilting device or lifting and tilting device until the disengaging device is pressurized sufficiently to release the manual control element from the retaining bar, so that the control valve can return to its initial position. On the one hand, this known device requires pneumatic pressure medium power circuits and, above all, makes it necessary for the emptying process to be initiated by manual actuation on the control valve and for the manual actuating element of the control valve to be locked.

Both known devices also make it necessary, when operated by a single person, that either the container to be emptied is attached to corresponding devices of the lifting / tilting frame or the tipping frame, or the operator simultaneously fixes the container to be emptied holds and controls the control valve, which often leads to incorrect reception of the container on the lifting and tipping frame and / or incorrect operation of the control valve. In order to securely hold the container to be emptied on the lifting / tilting frame or tilting frame and to operate the actuating valve safely, two persons would normally be necessary in the known devices mentioned above.

In contrast, the invention has for its object to substantially improve a device of the type described in such a way that a largely automatic control of the emptying process is made possible, which allows the container to be emptied by an operator only to the lifting and tipping frame and the operator can leave the device during the pouring process, for example in order to remove an emptied container and to fetch another container to be emptied. The improved device should be able to be operated with pressure medium systems of any kind, be it with hydraulic or pneumatic pressure medium, with a simple structure, simple operation, high operational reliability and particularly economical operation of the device. Furthermore, the invention is intended to ensure that during the automatic emptying process no danger is caused by this device for the operating personnel or uninvolved persons.

To achieve this object it is provided according to the invention that the control circuit of the pressure medium valve contains a switching element actuated by the container attached to the lifting / tilting frame or tilting frame of the emptying device in order to initiate the control process.

The inventive arrangement of the switching element initiating the control sequence for direct actuation the container only has the function of safely and correctly bringing the container to the emptying device in order to simultaneously ensure the correct attachment of the container to the emptying device and to initiate the control sequence for the emptying process . In this way, even with one-man operation, a significantly increased level of safety can be achieved with the emptying process running automatically.

The switching element actuated by the container can be a touch switch which interacts with wedges of the container. Such touch switches have the advantage that they are only mechanically actuated by the container placed in the correct position.

The switching element actuated by the container can also be formed by one or more sensors interacting without contact with parts of the container. For this purpose, sensors of various types come into consideration, for example ultrasonic sensors, which respond to the reflection of ultrasonic waves hitting the container wall. Magnetic switches are also suitable which respond to the approach of magnetic parts attached to the container wall. In addition, any optically or electrically working sensors can be considered.

Another possibility according to the invention is to form the switching element actuated by the container by means of one or more light barriers interacting with the container. For safety reasons, it is preferred to provide a plurality of light barriers arranged at different locations near the lifting / tilting frame or tilting frame, all of which must be covered by the container wall in order to initiate the switching process, so that a switching process is not accidentally caused by any light barriers can be caused.

Normally, the signal generated by the switching element actuated by the container will have to be transmitted via cable connection to the corresponding parts of the control circuit. However, it is also possible to transmit the signals of the switching element actuated by the container wirelessly, for example by means of ultrasound or electromagnetic waves, to a receiver which is inserted into the control circuit of the pressure medium valve by means of a small transmitter and small receiver.

Since the switching element actuated by the container to be emptied is generally permanently installed and is often attached to the tipping frame or lifting and tipping frame and, on the other hand, containers with very different designs, some with considerable differences in the design of their lateral boundary walls, are still in traffic at the same time, it is recommended that in the context of the invention to provide a manual control switch in parallel to the switching element actuated by the container to be emptied or in parallel to the receiver used in the control circuit. This additional hand switch has the purpose that the operator can initiate the emptying process by means of the manual control switch if such a container has been brought to the emptying device that is not suitable for the automatic triggering of the switching element. The manual control switch can be used to switch on the control sequence on the Actuating device of the control valve can be attached and a common manual operating element for the manual operating switch and the control valve can be provided.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrical control circuit provided for the temporal valve control is designed, when the attached container actuated switch to control the tilting device or lift-tilting device to return to the starting position, preferably immediately when this switch is released or the circuit closed with the switch is interrupted. This ensures that if the container to be emptied is detected incorrectly or unsafe by the tilting device or lifting / tilting device, the initiated emptying process is immediately interrupted and reversed so that the container to be emptied can be added. It is particularly advantageous here to design the switch actuated by the attached container to be held by the container in the closed state, and to design the timer to immediately return to its control position for returning the tilting device when the electrical current supplied via the switch actuated by the container is lost or to move the lifting and tipping device into the starting position.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the electrical control circuit controls a secondary control circuit operated by means of a pressure medium, in such a way that a changeover valve which is set up for electrical and possibly also manual actuation and is connected to a pressure medium source via the time switch designed as a timing relay Control circuit is switched. In this case, the pressure medium valve provided for the control of the pressure medium motor or the pressure medium motors is set up for pressure medium actuation. The arrangement of an additional pressure medium control circuit can be advantageous under certain circumstances if that is not sufficient for an electrical actuating device of the control valve in the power pressure medium circuit or if a sufficiently safe electrical control current source is not available. Another advantage results from the fact that, for example, by using a pneumatic secondary control pressure medium circuit a buffer is arranged between electrical switching elements and the pressure medium power circuit or the valves arranged in the pressure medium power circuit. Such a target can increase the force required to actuate the valve arranged in the power / pressure medium circuit and increase the control energy. The control valve in the pressure medium power circuit can be a two-position valve with neutral and working position. This is particularly favorable in view of this, because the actuating device of such a two-position valve can be designed particularly simply. In a hydraulic pressure medium power circuit, it is advisable to switch such a two-position valve in the neutral position to a bypass line connected to the return line of the pressure medium power circuit.

To gently shake the container to be emptied, a hydraulic drive of the tilting device can be used to rhythmically interrupt or restrict the pressure medium supply, operated by the control circuit, in the flow of the pressure medium power circuit to the drive element for the tilting device.

The invention is for both single and multiple fillings, for example double or twin fillings, triple fillings and the like. applicable, that is to say in the case of fillings in which two or more separately actuatable individual lifting and tipping devices or individual tipping devices are arranged next to one another. Likewise, the invention can be applied to so-called combination beds, namely those beds in which two or more individual lifting and tipping devices or individual tipping devices are arranged next to one another and can be operated separately or together, so that the individual lifting and tipping devices or individual tipping devices separately and independently of each other for emptying smaller containers and the entirety of the lifting and tipping devices or tilting devices can be used together for emptying larger containers.

For use with combination fillings, it can be provided within the scope of the invention that the automatic sequence of the emptying process takes place both in separate operation on all individual lifting and tipping devices or individual tipping devices and an automatic sequence of the emptying process of a modified type also in combination operation of the totality of the lifting and tipping devices or Tipping devices are carried out. For simpler applications, however, the invention offers the possibility of providing the automatic sequence of the emptying process only for operation as individual lifting and tipping devices or individual tipping devices and for providing improved manual control operation for operation as a combination bed. This offers the advantage that the operator largely controls the emptying process himself in the case of a combination filling and can adapt it to the circumstances of the individual case, which are much more prominent in the case of larger containers. Within the scope of the invention, an embodiment is therefore proposed in which two identical pressure medium power circuits are provided for the pressure medium motors of each lifting and tilting device or tilting device, which can be connected in parallel by means of a switching valve designed as a shut-off and switching valve and set up for electrical and possibly manual actuation are separable from each other, which is connected together with the control circuits provided for each individual lifting and tilting device or individual tilting device via a common switch to a power source and is in the shut-off position when the switch is closed. The measure provided in this embodiment for two separate control circuits for both lifting and tilting devices or tilting devices ensures that when the power source is switched on, with both lifting and tilting devices or tilting device automated emptying processes can be carried out independently of one another. If, on the other hand, the two individual lifting and tipping devices or individual tipping devices are to be operated synchronously for emptying large containers, the automatic control system is switched off. In this case, the changeover valve arranged between the two pressure medium power circuits is in such a switching position that the pressure medium motors of both lifting and tilting devices or tilting devices are fed by a common pressure medium source. Switching off the automatic control when operating both lifting and tipping devices together takes into account the fact that the length of time for the emptying process can be quite different for larger containers. In the case of a fixed time constant of the time switch determining the temporal valve control for the movement sequence, the economy of the simple embodiment of the invention was therefore not always given. Other conditions arise - as explained below - if the filling weight of the containers is determined by additional devices before emptying and this additional information is taken into account in the automatic control of the emptying process.

When the two individual lifting and tipping devices are operated together, it can be provided within the scope of the invention to provide a second switching valve in addition to the switching valve arranged between the two pressure medium power circuits, provided that the control valves for the pressure medium motors are designed as two-position valves, and vice versa as the first Changeover valve controlled and inserted in a power circuit before connecting the pressure medium connection line in the pressure medium supply line of the pressure medium motors. It is hereby achieved in an advantageous manner that the device for the common is achieved solely by depending on the power source from the two control circuits and the electrically actuable control valves, for example by means of a main switch Actuation of both lifting and tipping devices or tipping devices for emptying large containers is ready for operation.

Since the operating staff is already busy with the next container to be emptied during the automatic emptying process and the emptying process therefore takes place without supervision, safety measures are recommended to protect uninvolved persons, e.g. passers-by. For this purpose, in the context of the invention, movable barrier elements can be provided on the side walls of the collecting container in a securing position that laterally shuts off the working area of the lifting / tilting device or tilting device. According to the invention, these barrier elements are to be connected directly or indirectly to a shut-off valve located in the pressure medium supply line of the pressure medium power circuit or the pressure medium power circuits, such that the pressure medium supply to the power circuit or the power circuits is only opened in the securing position of the barrier elements. It is thereby achieved that the automatic emptying of containers, but also, if possible, the manual emptying of containers is only possible when the barrier elements are closed.

If, in one embodiment of the invention, when the two tilting devices or tilting devices for emptying large containers are operated together, the electrical control for automatic operation is switched off, the locking of the power / pressure medium circuits when the barrier is open can be dispensed with, since with manual control an operator is always on anyway Filling must be present and can then also take over the task of securing the work area. Within the scope of the invention, therefore, no measures are taken to either secure the work area by means of the barrier elements or to dispense with the device Protection can be switched using barrier elements.

As an alternative to blocking the pressure medium supply to the power circuit or the power circuits, it is also possible within the scope of the invention that the barrier elements are connected to a main switch which is inserted in front of the electrical control circuit or control circuits and is only inserted in the locked position of the barrier elements.

The barrier elements can be designed as barrier-like levers, which are pivotably mounted on the side walls of the collecting container and, if necessary, are connected to one another in a bow-like manner. These barrier elements can be actuated by hand and can be held in their effective position and their ineffective position by means of a spring. However, it is also possible to actuate the barrier elements by means of pressure medium motors.

In a special, fully automatic embodiment of the device according to the invention, the control circuit is connected to a programming and switching device, the input devices for recognition information, such as type, etc., about the container to be emptied, memories with data about the containers to be emptied, circuit arrangements for determining the control mode suitable for emptying the respective container and switching devices for setting the determined control mode on the electrical control circuit.

In this embodiment, the device according to the invention works practically fully automatically. The operator can enter the identification information on a panel, for example by means of sensors or push buttons. However, it is also possible to use a photoelectric reading device for identification markings attached to the containers to be emptied to arrange the device for the identification information in the area of the lifting and tipping frame. As a result, the respective container to be emptied is moved past the reading device when it is brought up to the tilting frame or lifting / tilting frame with its identification mark. All the necessary identification information for the respective container is automatically recorded. This entered or automatically recorded identification information is compared in the programming and switching device with the stored data about the containers that are to be emptied. The programming and switching device contains circuit arrangements which, from this comparison, determine a proposal for a control mode of the device which appears to be most suitable for emptying the container which has been brought up. The individual control measures of this determined control mode are then set by means of switching devices on the elements of the electrical control circuit. The control circuit then controls the control valves arranged in the power pressure medium circuit in a corresponding manner. The erfindugnsgemäße device can be off in this Guide e ^g sForm for discharging a plurality of different types of containers used, provided that the necessary mechanical devices are provided on the bed or the random packings.

An advantageous development of this fully automatic embodiment of the invention can consist in the fact that the electrical control circuit and the valve control interconnected additional elements for setting the initial position of the lifting / tilting frame or tilting frame suitable for the container to be emptied, if necessary with a connection to the instantaneous filling weight of the Containers detecting device included. In practice, this additional facility means that after Determining the height or the type of the container to be emptied, the lifting and tipping frame _b or the tipping frame is first preset to a suitable height. The instantaneous filling weight of the collecting container, for example the garbage truck, can also be used, since the collecting container is lowered deeper into the suspension as the filling weight increases, in particular on garbage vehicles. A particularly favorable embodiment of this additional device can be achieved by reading off the reading of a suitable height presetting of the tilting frame or lifting / tilting frame with the above-mentioned photoelectric reading device of a detection mark on the container. This can be achieved particularly inexpensively if the photoelectric reading device is attached directly to the tilting frame or lifting and tilting frame and is thus moved during the height adjustment until the correct setting is achieved in relation to a height adjustment mark attached to the container.

As a further supplementary measure of the fully automatic embodiment of the invention, the electrical control current valve and the valve control can contain interconnected additional elements for setting the emptying speed suitable for the respective container to be emptied, optionally with a connection to a device which determines the weight of the container to be emptied. Normally - as explained in the following exemplary embodiments - half the emptying speed is already set up when emptying large containers compared to emptying smaller containers. However, additional changes and adjustments in the emptying speed can be made with such an additional device.

Another option for the fully automatic embodiment of the invention mentioned above is that a registration and recording device for the recorded identification information and at least the weight of the respectively emptied container is connected to the programming and switching device. This addition is particularly advantageous wherever the weight of the bulk material emptied from the containers into the collecting container is important. For example, it is common practice in waste removal to calculate the fees based on the weight of the rubbish that has been removed. An additional registration and recording device, which registers and records the location of the respective waste container in the recognized identification information and indicates the weight of the respective container contents, thus provides direct calculation documents for the waste disposal fee.

The determination of the weight of the filled container and of the emptied container can also be of considerable importance for controlling the fill itself. For example, devices for determining the weight of the container before and after the emptying process can be provided on the lifting and tilting device or tilting device, while the programming and switching device contains circuit arrangements for comparing the setpoint value and actual value of the container empty weight, which are designed for the purpose of Exceeding the actual value above the setpoint by a predetermined amount to cause the electrical control circuit to repeatedly control a tipping process in the manner of a shake, while devices can also be provided if necessary, which trigger an alarm on an alarm device when the actual value falls below the setpoint and / or make a corresponding registration in a registration device. The latter

The measure serves to secure the filling and the containers to be emptied, since the falling below the target value of the container weight generally means that any parts on the container are missing and could have fallen into the filling. The registration of such falling below the target weight of the container weight can be used to exchange the corresponding container as quickly as possible.

Finally, within the framework of the fully automatic embodiment of the invention mentioned above, it is also possible to arrange optical and / or mechanical and / or magnetic sensors in the region of the lifting and tipping device or the tipping device to determine the proper condition of the container to be emptied and with the programming and To connect the switching device in such a way that the emptying process is initiated only when the container is in the correct condition and / or any defects found in the condition of the container are registered in a registration device together with the identification data. This additional facility makes it possible, together with the emptying of the containers. also to carry out continuous and repeated monitoring of the containers each time they are emptied, so that any defects in the state of the containers can be identified early, examined for their causes and can be remedied.

• Fig. 1 eine Hubkippvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung bei geöffneten Barriereelementen und ohne zu entleerenden Behälter in Seitenansicht;
• _Fig. 2 eine Hubkippvorrichtung ähnlich derjenigen nach Figur 1 bei geschlossenen Barriereelementen und angesetztem Müllgefäß in Seitenansicht;
• Fig. 3 eine Schemadarstellung des in einer Vorrichtung nach Figur 1 oder Figur 2 benutzten hydraulischen Antriebs- und Steuerungssystems für Einfachschüttungen;
• Fig. 4 eine erfindungsgemäße Entleervorrichtung als Kombinationsschüttung, d.h. mit zwei nebeneinander angeordneten, wahlweise gemeinsam oder getrennt betätigbaren Hubkippvorrichtungen in rückwärtiger Ansicht;
• Fig. 5 eine Schemadarstellung des für eine Doppel-oder Zwillingsschüttung benutzbaren hydraulischen Antriebs- und Steuerungssystems und
• Fig. 6 eine Schemadarstellung des in der Vorrichtung nach Figur 4 benutzten hydraulischen Antriebs- und Steuerungssystems.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

• 1 shows a lifting and tipping device according to the invention with the barrier elements open and without a container to be emptied, in a side view;
• _F ig. 2 shows a side view of a lifting and tilting device similar to that according to FIG. 1 with the barrier elements closed and the waste container attached;
• 3 shows a schematic representation of the hydraulic drive and control system for single beds used in a device according to FIG. 1 or FIG. 2;
• 4 shows an emptying device according to the invention as a combination bed, that is to say with two side-by-side, optionally jointly or separately actuatable lifting and tipping devices in a rear view;
• 5 shows a schematic representation of the hydraulic drive and control system that can be used for a double or twin bed and
• 6 shows a schematic representation of the hydraulic drive and control system used in the device according to FIG. 4.

In the examples of Figures 1 and 2 is a Lift-tipping _\ orrichtung for emptying refuse containers 1 in a Mül _l tanks 2 of a refuse vehicle with Einschüttvorrichtung 3. The Einschüttvorrichtung 3 may be formed as a single bed or double bed or twin bed, in the latter Case with two independently operating tilting devices or lifting and tilting devices 4. The lifting and tilting device 4 has a swivel arm 5 or a pair of swivel arms 5, to which a lifting and tilting frame 6 is attached by means of a four-bar guide (not shown here). The lifting and tipping frame 6 is in this example, according to the type of container 1 to be emptied, at its upper part with a support bar 7 reaching under the edge of the container 1 and at the lower part with an abutment element 8 lying against the wall of the container 1 equipped. The schematically illustrated hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement 9 is used to raise and lower the lifting and tilting frame 6. The container 1 is locked by pressing the edge of the container by the support bar 7 against the abutments 10 attached to the swivel arms 5. The swivel arms 5 are driven by means of hydraulic cylinder-piston assemblies 11, which are designed as swivel motors in the example shown. The cylinder-piston unit 9 of the lifting device and the cylinder-piston unit 11 of the swivel motor of each lifting and tipping device 4 are integrated in a common power-pressure medium circuit (FIG. 3). This power-pressure medium circuit is designed such that the cylinder-piston unit 9 of the lifting device is acted upon at the start of work and then the cylinder-piston unit 11 provided for the swivel motor. In the examples shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the switch 12, which is provided for switching on the electrical control for automatic operation and is actuated by the container 1, is mounted on the side of the lifting / tilting frame 6 facing the container wall below the support bar 7. However, it would also be possible to arrange this switch at other points on the lifting and tilting frame 6, for example in the region of the abutment part 8. Instead of the touch switch 12, a contact-free sensor or a light barrier or the like could also be provided.

Since the containers, which are still frequently used in traffic at the same time, have quite different designs, some with considerable deviations in the inclination of their lateral boundary walls, it is advisable to provide a manual control switch in addition to the switch 12 actuated by the container, for example a switch 13, which is located on the bed housing placed in an easy to reach place for the operator In the example shown, this manually operated switch 13 is combined with the control valve 36 arranged in the power / pressure medium circuit in such a way that both parts have a common electromagnetic actuating device 36a and a common manual operating element 14. In this example, the manual control switch 13 is designed as a magnetic sensor switch, which is moved from one switch position to the other when the actuation rod axially guided by the electromagnetic actuation device 36a and the control valve 36 approaches.

To protect uninvolved people, for example passing passers-by, two barrier elements 15 are pivotally mounted on the side walls of the garbage truck. These barrier elements can be united in a bow-like manner on a common pivot shaft. In the example in FIG. 1, the barrier elements 15 can be pivoted by hand into and out of their securing position. They are held in their respective upper and lower positions by a holding spring 15b designed as a tension spring by exceeding a dead center position. In the example in FIG. 2, a pressure medium motor 15a or a pair of pressure medium motors 15a are provided for adjusting the barrier elements 15. In the examples shown, the barrier elements 15 actuate a switch 16 in their securing position.

• Zum Antrieb der Hubkippvorrichtung 4 ist ein hydraulisches Druckmittelsystem vorgesehen, das von der Druckmittelpumpe 33 gespeist wird. Von dieser Druckmittelpumpe 33 führt eine Druckmittelvorlaufleitung 34 über ein Druckmittelrückschlagventil 35 zu einem als Zweistellungsventil ausgebildeten Steuerventil 1 36. An dieses Steuerventil 36 ist eine Druckmittelzuleitung 37 angeschlossen, die zu den in Parallelschaltung angeordneten Druckmittelmotoren, namlich dem Hubzylinder 9 und dem Schwenkzylinder 11 führt. An die Druckmittelzuleitung 37 ist ein Druckentlastungsventil 38 mit Betätigungselement 39 angeschlossen. Von diesem Druckmittelentlastungsventil 38 führt eine Druckmittel entlastungsleitung 40 zu einem Druckmittelrücklaufventil 41, das in die Druckmittel-Rücklaufleitung 42 eingesetzt ist, um den Druckmittelrücklauf und damit die Rückwärtsbewegung der Zylinder-Kolben-Aggregate 9 und 11 zu verbessern. Vom Steuerventil 36 führt ferner eine Bypassleitung 43 zu dem Druckmittelrücklaufventil 41. Die Druckmiltelrücklaufleitung 42 führt in ein Druckmittelreservoir 43a, von dem die Druckmittelpumpe 33 die für das System erforderliche Druckmittelmenge absaugt und über die Druckmittelvorlaufleitung 34 in den Druckmittel-Leistungskreis einführt.

The method of operation of a device in the form of a single bed according to FIG. 1 or 2 is explained below with reference to FIG. 3:

• A hydraulic pressure medium system, which is fed by the pressure medium pump 33, is provided for driving the lifting and tipping device 4. From this pressure medium pump 33, a pressure medium supply line 34 leads via a pressure medium check valve 35 to a two-position valve trained control valve 1 36. A pressure medium supply line 37 is connected to this control valve 36, which leads to the pressure medium motors arranged in parallel, namely the lifting cylinder 9 and the swivel cylinder 11. A pressure relief valve 38 with an actuating element 39 is connected to the pressure medium supply line 37. From this pressure medium relief valve 38, a pressure medium relief line 40 leads to a pressure medium return valve 41 which is inserted into the pressure medium return line 42 in order to improve the pressure medium return and thus the backward movement of the cylinder-piston units 9 and 11. A bypass line 43 also leads from the control valve 36 to the pressure medium return valve 41. The pressure medium return line 42 leads into a pressure medium reservoir 43 a, from which the pressure medium pump 33 sucks off the quantity of pressure medium required for the system and introduces it via the pressure medium supply line 34 into the pressure medium power circuit.

To control this pressure medium power circuit, a control circuit is provided, which consists of the switch 12 attached to the lifting and tipping frame 6 and actuated by the attached container and a timing relay 45 connected in series with it. This timing relay 45 is connected to the electrical actuation device of the changeover valve 36 of the pressure medium power circuit. The time constant of the time relay 45 is set to such a time period that the lifting and tilting device requires from lifting, pivoting until the container is completely emptied.

If the switch 12 is now actuated by the attached container and thus the control circuit is connected to the current source 44, sc is in the embodiment shown in the figure via the timing relay 45 for it Time constant corresponding time duration an electrical contact between the power source 44 and the electrical actuator of the switching valve 36 is made. The result of this is that the actuating device keeps the control valve 36 in the working position against the restoring force of its spring during the period of current flow. If the control valve 36 is brought into the working position, the pressure medium course from the pressure medium pump 33 via the pressure medium supply line 34 to the pressure medium supply line 37 and from there to the cylinder-piston units 9 and 11. These two units are coordinated with one another with their piston cross-section such that In accordance with the initial power to be provided by the respective unit, the lifting cylinder 9 is designed to be stronger than the swivel drive cylinder 11. The cylinder 9 is therefore first actuated until the lifting process is almost complete and the tilting process is initiated by means of the swivel drive cylinder 11 due to the slight increase in pressure that occurs . The pressure relief valve 38 shown in FIG. 3 is of importance that, in the end tilt position, a pivot limiting lever set on the pivot shaft of the lifting and tilting device 4 and rotated in accordance with its pivoting strikes with its adjusting screw on the actuator 39 of the pressure relief valve 38. The pressure relief valve 38, which was previously in the closed position, is then brought into a partially open position against the action of its adjusting spring, so that pressure relief in the pressure medium supply line 37 takes place via the pressure relief line 40 to the pressure medium return valve 41. With a sufficiently large control distance between the actuation of the relief valve 38 and the end position of the swivel limiting lever, the pressure relief valve 38 is then opened to such an extent that a strong pressure drop occurs in the pressure medium supply line 34. This strong drop in pressure medium allows the lift-and-tilt device with the container to be emptied to pivot back by such an amount that the pressure relief valve 38 is closed again. If the pressure medium changeover valve is still in the working position, the inflowing pressure medium causes the lifting and tilting device to pivot again until the adjusting screw of the pivot limiting lever again hits the actuating element 39 of the pressure relief valve 38 and thus the pressure medium drop in the pressure medium supply line 37 when the pressure relief valve is open results in a corresponding pivoting back of the lifting and tilting device acts on the container to be emptied. In this way, a kind of shaking movement can be caused, so that a complete emptying of the container is ensured.

The complete pivoting back and depositing of the container is initiated in that the time relay 45 interrupts the connection between the electrical actuating device of the changeover valve 36 and the current source 44 after the set period of time, whereby the changeover valve 36 is switched into the rest position by means of its return spring. The pressure medium coming from the pressure medium source 33 via the pressure medium supply line 34 then flows out via the bypass line 43 through the return valve 41, whereby it exerts a suction effect on the return line 42 and thus the backflow effect of the cylinders 9 and 11 via the pressure medium supply line 37 and to reinforce the pressure medium return line 42 flowing pressure medium.

As can further be seen from FIG. 3, a valve 8_0, which rhythmically interrupts or constricts the pressure medium supply, is inserted in the flow of the pressure medium power circuit 37 to the cylinder-piston arrangement 11. This valve 80 is switched on by the timing relay 45 at such a time when the tilting process continues to a desired extent has stepped. As a result, the container is set into a gentle shaking motion, resulting in a complete emptying of the container contents. The valve 80 is switched off by the timing relay 45 upon initiation of the swing-back process.

The switch 13 shown in FIG. 3, which is arranged in parallel to the switch 12 actuated by the container 1 attached to the lifting / tilting frame 6, is the manual actuation switch for switching on the control circuit, as it e.g. in.Figur 1 or Figure 2 is arranged.

When the emptying device is arranged on a refuse collection vehicle, it is expedient to use the vehicle battery as the power source 44. In the case of a stationary collecting container, it would also be conceivable to provide the control circuit with a mains connection.

In addition to the control valve 36 shown in FIG. 3 in the embodiment as a two-position valve, it is also possible to use a three-position valve with a working, return and rest position. In this case, however, more complicated components of the control circuit or a more complex actuating element for such a changeover valve, such as e.g. a second timing relay which, after the switching contact has been opened by the first, that is to say after the container has been emptied, brings the three-position changeover valve into the return position by means of the actuating device.

As FIG. 3 shows, a two-position shut-off valve 34a is inserted into the pressure medium supply line 34, and its electromagnetic actuation device is connected to the electrical control circuit via the switch 16 actuated by the barrier element 15. When the switch 16 is closed, the shut-off valve 34a is inserted into the position shown in FIG. 3, in which it blocks the passage for releases the hydraulic pressure medium to the pressure medium supply line 34. When the switch 16 is open, the shut-off valve 34a moves under the action of its spring into the second position in which a bypass line 43b returning to the pressure medium reservoir 43a is connected to the pressure side of the pump 33.

If the emptying device according to FIG. 1 or 2 is designed as a twin or double bed, that is to say is equipped with two lifting and tipping devices 4 arranged next to one another, then two identical control systems can be provided as in FIG. 3, namely one for each lifting and tipping device 4. It leaves but preferably use a controller according to Figure 5. With a control arrangement according to FIG. 5, the mode of operation of the twin or double bed is as follows, the corresponding components from FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 being provided with the same reference numbers, but additionally with letters a) and b) in FIG. 4:

In the embodiment of a double bed shown in FIG. 5, both pressure medium power circuits have a common pressure medium pump, which is followed by a pressure-independent pressure medium flow divider 46, so that each pressure medium power circuit has its own pressure medium source. In the example shown in FIG. 5, a common current source 44 is also expediently provided for each of the two control circuits.

In contrast to the single lifting and tilting device shown in FIG. 3, the control circuit of each of the two individual lifting and tilting devices does not act directly on the control valve 36a, 36b of the power pressure medium circuit, but in turn controls a pneumatic control pressure medium circuit. Each of these two control pressure medium circuits consists of one set up for electrical actuation and connected to the corresponding control circuit Switch valve 47a, 47b, which is connected to a supply line 48a, 48b. This pneumatic control pressure medium line 48a, 48b is connected to a working cylinder, under the action of a return spring 49a, 49b, the piston rod 50a, 50b of which serves as an actuating element of the control valve 36a, 36b. A common pressure medium source 50 is provided for both pneumatic control pressure medium circuits and is connected to the pneumatic valves 47a, 47b via the branch lines 51a, 51b. In refuse collection vehicles, the pneumatic pressure medium source already available for the brake system of the vehicle can be used as the pressure medium source 50.

If r, un a container to be emptied is attached to the lifting and tipping frame of one of these individual beds and finally the time relay 45a, 45b is started, then the pneumatic valve 47a, 47b is held in the switching position during the time defined by the time relay 45a, 45b, so that the Pneumatic cylinders 49a, 49b are acted upon by the compressed air flowing from the pressure medium source 50 via the control pressure medium line and thereby bring the control valve 36a, 36b of the corresponding power pressure medium circuit into the working position. The pressure medium supply to the hydraulically operated working cylinders 9a, 11a or 9b, 11b is thus released and the emptying process begins. The swinging-back and depositing process of the lifting and tilting frame with the now emptied container is again effected in that the time relay 45a, 45b interrupts the circuit between the pneumatic valve 47a, 47b set up for electrical actuation and the current source 44. As a result, the pneumatic valve 47a, 47b is brought into the neutral position by the restoring force of its spring, so that the pneumatic pressure medium source 50 is suspended from the pressure medium control circuit. As a result of the pressure drop occurring in the supply line 48a, 48b, the reciprocating piston of the pneumatic cylinder 49a, 49b, which is under the restoring force of a spring, is brought into the rest position, thereby releasing it Piston rod 50a, 50b, the control valve 36a, 36b of the power pressure medium circuit is switched to the rest position.

The emptying device shown in FIG. 4 is a so-called combination bed with which both smaller waste containers and a larger container can be emptied. For this purpose, two lifting and tilting devices 17a, 17b arranged side by side are attached to the rear of the pouring device 18. Each of these lifting and tilting devices 17a, 17b is driven via its own (not shown) cylinder-piston arrangements with separate pressure medium power circuits, so that they can be actuated individually for emptying smaller containers. In individual operation, the mode of operation of the combined bed is comparable to that of two single beds, as explained above. The lifting device of each individual lifting and tilting device consists of the known four-bar system, which is joined together with the abutment plate 20a, 20b to form the lifting and tilting frame 21a, 21b. The containers are locked by pressing the edge of the container through the ¹ support strips 22a, 22b onto the contact plates 24a, 24b attached to the upper end of the swivel arms 23a, 23b. For emptying large containers, ie synchronous operation of both individual beds 17a, 17b, a connection and support bar is attached to both support strips 22a, 22b, for example by means of screws. In the example shown, this connection and support bar 25 is formed on its upper side with tooth-like holding projections 26a, 26b arranged at intervals in order to be able to accommodate containers, for example garbage containers of various top edge configurations. In addition, an optionally usable, dashed intermediate buffer 27 could be provided, which would have to be arranged between the two abutment parts 20a, 20b.

For emptying conventional large garbage containers with mounting pins attached to their sides, in the embodiment of a combination chute selected in FIG. 2, pivotable support arms 28a, 28b with mounting claws 29a, 29b are additionally provided on the two lifting and tipping frames 21a, 29b for the carrying pins of these waste containers.

Since when emptying larger containers, the time for the Entleevolgä can be quite different, so that with electrical control of the motion sequence with a fixed time constant for the valve control of the power pressure medium circuit, a two-fold emptying process may be necessary under certain circumstances, it is preferable that the electrical control for the automatic operation of only the individual actuation of the two lifting and tilting devices 17a, 17b is switched on. A separate control circuit is therefore assigned to the power pressure medium circuits of the two individual lifting and tipping devices. Expediently, the switches actuated by the attached containers for switching on the control sequence are positioned on the lifting and tilting frame 21a, 21b in such a way that when the connecting and support beam 25 is attached, i.e. when the combination bed is being converted for synchronous operation of both individual beds for emptying larger hardeners, no stress with the Have container walls.

However, due to the different designs of the containers, it is recommended to provide an additional main switch for switching off the electrical control circuit while simultaneously actuating both beds 17a, 17b for emptying large containers, which can be designed and fitted in such a way that it can be attached when the connection is made - And beam 25 or other connecting elements between the two lifting and tilting frames 21a a and 21b in the automatic control switching position is sought. In this operating case, the two power pressure medium circuits of the two lifting and tilting devices 17a, 17b are by means of changeover valves that their pressure medium motors are connected in parallel and are fed by only one pressure medium source. To switch on the emptying device, one of the two manual control switches 31a, 31b attached to the filling housing must be actuated. At the same time, this manual control switch is used for manual operation of the two beds, that is to say when the two pressure medium circuits are separated, for manual control of the lifting and tilting devices 17a, 17b if the electrical controls for the automated operation should fail. In the event that the containers attached to the lifting / tilting frame 21a, 21b do not operate the switches 30a, 30b, two latching manual actuation switches 32a, 32b are provided on the collecting container housing 18. In this case, an additional step is required after the garbage container has been attached. Thereafter, however, the emptying process runs automatically, so that the operator is not tied to the location of the device during this period of time, as in the manual control of the emptying process.

• In Figur 6 ist eine Schemadarstellung eines hydraulischen Antriebssystems und elektrischen Steuerungssystems für eine Kombischüttung, wie sie in Figur 2 dargestellt ist, gezeigt. Wie bei dem Hydraulikschema einer Zwillingsschüttung nach Figur 4 sind auch bei dieser Kombischüttung zwei hydraulische Leistungsdruckmittelkreise vorgesehen, die aber über ein Umschaltventil 53 wahlweise getrennt oder miteinander verbunden sind. Jeder dieser Druckmittelkreise weist eine eigene Druckmittelquelle auf, die im dargestellten Beispiel durch jeweils einen Zweig 54a, 54b eines druckunabhangigen Stromteilers 54 in VerbIndung mit einer vor diesem Stromteiler angeordneten Druckmittelpumpe 55 gebildet sein kann. In jedem leistungsdruckmittelkreis führt von dieser Druckmittelquelle 54a, 54b eine Druckmittelvorlaufleitung 56a, 56b über ein Rückschlag- ventil 57a, 57b zu dem jeweiligen Umschaltventil 52a, 52b. Dieses Steuerventil 52a, 52b ist in Neutralstellung an eine Bypassleitung 58a, 58b angeschlossen, die über ein Druckmittelrücklaufventil 59a, 59b an die Druckmittelrucklaufleitung 60a, 60b angeschlossen ist. In Arbeitsstellung ist das Umschaltventil 52a, 52b an eine Druckmittelzufuhrungsleitung 61a, 61b angeschlossen, die das hydraulische Arbeitsmedium zu den in Parallelschaltung angeordneten Druckmittelmotoren 62a, 63a bzw. 62b, 63b fördert.

The mode of operation of such a device is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 6:

• FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a hydraulic drive system and electrical control system for a combination bed, as shown in FIG. 2. As in the hydraulic diagram of a twin bed according to FIG. 4, two hydraulic power pressure medium circuits are also provided in this combination bed, but are optionally separated or connected to one another via a changeover valve 53. Each of these pressure medium circuits has its own pressure medium source, which in the Darge set example can each be formed by a branch 54a, 54b of a pressure-independent flow divider 54 in connection with a pressure medium pump 55 arranged in front of this flow divider. In each power pressure medium circuit, a pressure medium feed line 56a, 56b leads from this pressure medium source 54a, 54b via a check valve 57a, 57b to the respective changeover valve 52a, 52b. This control valve 52a, 52b is connected in the neutral position to a bypass line 58a, 58b which is connected to the pressure medium return line 60a, 60b via a pressure medium return valve 59a, 59b. In the working position, the changeover valve 52a, 52b is connected to a pressure medium supply line 61a, 61b, which conveys the hydraulic working medium to the pressure medium motors 62a, 63a and 62b, 63b arranged in parallel.

In addition, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, a changeover valve 65 is inserted into the pressure medium feed line 61a between its connection to the pressure medium connection line 64 of both pressure medium circuits and the control valve 52a, which is only switched into the shut-off position in synchronous operation of both beds. All other components of both power pressure medium circuits and control circuits are arranged in the same way. As can be seen from FIG. 5, a pressure medium relief valve 66a, 66b with an actuating element 67a, 67b is connected to each pressure medium supply line 61a, 61b. Pressure medium relief lines 68a, 68b lead from these pressure medium relief valves 66a, 66b to the pressure medium guide valves 59a, 59b. As in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the pressure medium power circuits are controlled by directly acting on the changeover valve 52a, 52b set up for electrical actuation.

The electrical control current travel each consist of a timing relay 69a, 69b, an actuation switch 70a, 70L attached to the lifting and tipping frame of each individual fill and a manual actuation element 71a, 71b connected in parallel therewith. In order to ensure that the automatic control of both individual beds is deactivated when the working area is unsecured, a switch 74 actuated in the safe position of the barrier elements is inserted into the common connecting line 72 of both control circuits with the current source 73. A locking switch 75 is additionally arranged between this switch contact 74 and current source 73. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the changeover valve 53 used in the connecting line 64 of the two pressure medium circuits and the changeover valve 65 used in the pressure medium supply line 61a of only one pressure medium circuit are set up for electrical actuation and connected to the power source 73 together with the control current circuits. Both changeover valves 53 and 65 are reversed, however, in such a way that both rubble cracks in individual operation; the switching valve 53 is in the blocking position and the switching valve 65 is in the open position. In this operating case, the switch 75 is closed, that is, unlocked. If, on the other hand, the bolt is inserted or the connecting and carrier bar 25 is inserted, i.e. the switching contact 75 is opened, then the changeover valve 65 used in the pressure medium supply line 61a switches into the shut-off position by means of spring force and the changeover valve 53 used in the connecting line 64 into the open position by means of spring force, whereby a parallel connection of all pressure medium assemblies 62a, 62b, 63a, 63b is established and the emptying device for synchronous actuation of both individual beds for emptying large containers is ready for operation. To switch on the piston assemblies of both beds, the switching valve 52b must then be used in the embodiment shown in the figure of the actuator 76b can be operated by hand. In this case, both lifting cylinders 63a, 63b and both swivel drive cylinder 62a, 62 _b with the same Druckmittelstromungsmenge fed as individual control, only s lifting cylinder 63a, and a swivel drive cylinder 62a.

In the example in FIG. 6, as a result of the embodiment of the changeover valve 52a, 52b as a two-position valve for the joint operation of both beds, the arrangement of a changeover valve in the pressure medium supply line 61a of a pressure medium circuit is necessary. It would also be possible to design the pressure medium changeover valves 52a and 52b as three-position valves for zero, lifting and lowering positions, so that this additional changeover valve 65 would be omitted and the joint work of both lifting and tilting devices would be achieved by actuating both the left and right pressure medium changeover valves 52a, 52b. However, in the case of a pressure medium changeover valve designed for three positions, a more complex electrical actuating device is required in order to enable automatic control of both fillings during individual operation.

In addition to the exemplary embodiments shown, a fully automatic emptying device can also be created within the scope of the invention, with which the emptying of containers of any size can be carried out automatically. Such a fully automatic emptying device is provided, for example, with a programming and switching device, on which identification information, such as type, size, installation location, etc., must be entered for the container to be emptied. Furthermore, such a fully automatic device contains in its control system a memory with data about the containers to be emptied. This allows a comparison between the entered identification information and the ge by means of circuit arrangements stored data. From the comparison of these entered identification data and the stored data, an emptying process suitable for the respective container or the control mode of the emptying device for this emptying process is then selected and set by means of switching devices on the respective control elements of the emptying device. With such a fully automatic emptying device, the lifting and tipping frame or tipping frame can be brought into a presetting suitable for the container to be emptied, even before the emptying process begins. You can preselect the emptying speed. In general, all parameters of the emptying process can be automatically selected and set up by this fully automatic device based on the data of the identified container and its contents. In addition, such a fully automatic device can be equipped with a device which controls the weight of the emptied container and which uses the emptying control and can repeat the emptying process if the weight of the emptied container is still above the target weight, that is to say a container has not been completely emptied.

Finally, with such a fully automatic emptying device, it is also possible to provide registration and recording devices which determine the identification of the emptied containers and the weight of the contents emptied from each container, as well as any damage or other irregularities in the emptied containers.

Reference symbol list

• 1 gauze container
• 2 gauze collection containers
• 3 pouring device
• 4 tilting device or lifting / tilting device
• 5 swivel arms
• 6 lifting and tipping frames
• 7 support bar
• 8 abutment element
• 9 cylinder-piston arrangement
• 9a working cylinder
• 9b working cylinder
• 10 abutments
• 11 Zvlinder-Kilben arrangement
• 1 1 a Art cylinder
• 11b art cylinder
• 12 switches
• 13 switches
• 14 manual control element
• 15 Barnere element
• 15a hydraulic motor
• 15b retaining spring
• 16 switches
• 17d lifting and tipping device
• 11b lifting device
• 18 rubble device
• 20a abutment plate
• 20b abutment plate
• 21a lift and tilt frame
• 21b lift and tilt frame
• 22a support bar
• 22b support bar
• 23a swivel arms
• 23b swivel arms
• 24a contact plate
• 24b contact plate
• 25 connecting and support plate
• 26a retaining projections
• 26b retaining projections
• 27 intermediate buffers
• 28a support arms
• 28b support arms
• 29a pick-up claws
• 29b pick-up claws
• 30 switches
• 30b switch
• 31a manual control switch
• 31b manual control switch
• 32a manual control switch
• 32b manual control switch
• 33 pressure medium pump
• 34 pressure medium supply line
• 34a two-position shut-off valve
• 35 pressure medium check valve
• 36 control valve
• 36a control valve
• 36b control valve
• 37 Pressure medium supply line
• 38 pressure relief valve
• 39 actuating element
• 40 pressure relief line
• 41 pressure medium return valve
• 42 pressure medium return line
• 43 Bypass line
• 43a pressure medium reservoir
• 43L bypass line
• 44 power source
• 45 time relays
• 45a timing relay
• 45b timing relay
• 46 pressure medium flow divider
• 47a changeover valve
• 47b changeover valve
• 48a supply line
• 48b supply line
• 49a working cylinder
• 49b working cylinder
• 50 pressure medium source
• 50a piston rod
• 50b piston rod
• 51 ₃ Branch line
• 51b branch line
• 52a changeover valve
• 52b changeover valve
• 53 changeover valve
• 54 current dividers
• 54a pressure medium source
• 54b pressure medium source
• 55 pressure medium pump
• 56a pressure medium supply line
• 56b pressure medium supply line
• 57a check valve
• 57b check valve
• 58a bypass line
• 58b bypass line
• 59a pressure medium return valve
• 59b pressure medium return valve
• 60a pressure medium return line
• 60b pressure medium return line
• 61a pressure medium supply line
• 61b pressure medium supply line
• 62a hydraulic motor
• 62L hydraulic motor
• 63a hydraulic motor
• 63b hydraulic motor
• 64 pressure fluid connection line
• 65 changeover valve
• 66a pressure relief valve
• 66b pressure relief valve
• 67a actuator
• 67b actuator
• 68a pressure medium relief line
• 68b pressure medium relief line
• 69a timing relay
• 69b timing relay
• 70a operating switch
• 70b operating switch
• 71a manual control element
• 71b manual operating element
• 72 connecting line
• 73 Power source
• 74 switches
• 75 interlock switch
• 76a actuator
• 76b actuator
• 80 valve

Claims (29)

1) Device for emptying containers, in particular garbage containers in collecting containers, in which a lifting and tipping device or tilting device driven by at least one pressure medium motor is provided with a lifting and tipping frame or tilting frame which receives the container to be emptied, the pressure medium motor or the pressure medium motors being provided in the Pressure medium power circuit used pressure medium valve is or are, with its actuating device is connected directly or indirectly to a control circuit which contains a time switch which determines the time valve control for the movement sequence, characterized in that the control circuit of the pressure medium valve (36) is one of them the lifting and tilting frame (6) or the tilting frame of the emptying device (1) actuated switching element (switch 12) contains to initiate the control process. 2) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching element actuated by the container (1) is a contact switch which interacts with parts of the container (1). 3) device according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching element actuated by the container (1) by one or more contact-free with parts of the container (1) interacting sensors. 4) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching element actuated by the container (1) is formed by one or more light barriers interacting with the container. 5) Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the switching element actuated by the container is provided with a dispenser for wireless signal transmission and in the control circuit of the pressure medium valve (36) a corresponding receiver is used for the wirelessly transmitted signals. 6) Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in addition to the switching element actuated by the container (1) there is also a manual actuation switch (14) for switching on the control sequence. 7) Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the manual control switch (13) for switching on the control sequence is attached to the actuating device of the control valve (26) and a common manual control element (14) for the manual control ^! supply switch (13) and the control valve (36) is provided. 8) Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that an electric control circuit designed for this purpose is provided for the time valve control, upon release of the switching element (switch 12) actuated by the attached container, the tilting direction b _? w. Control the lift and tilt device (4) to return to the starting position. 9) Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the switch element (switch 12) actuated by the attached container (1) is designed to be held by the container (1) in the closed state, and that provided in the control circuit Time switch (45) is designed to immediately switch to its control position for returning the tilting device or lifting / tilting device (4) to the starting position when the switching element (switch 12) actuated by the container (1) is opened. 10) Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the pressure medium valve (36a, b) provided for the control of the pressure medium motor or the pressure medium motors (9a, b; 11a, b) has a pressure medium actuating device which is connected to a control pressure medium circuit is connected, which contains a changeover valve (47a, b) which is set up for electrical and possibly manual actuation and is connected to a pressure medium source (51) and which is connected to the timer (45a, b) of the control circuit for its own control. 11) Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the pressure medium actuating device of the pressure medium valve (36a, b) is designed as a working cylinder (49a, b), the piston rod (50a, b) as an actuating element of the pressure medium valve (36a, b) under the action of a resilient return device stands. 12) Device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the pressure medium valve (36a, b) of the pressure medium power circuit is designed as a control valve for neutral and working position and in the neutral position is connected to a bypass line (34, a, b) connected to the return line (42a, b) of the power / pressure medium circuit. 13) Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, when the tilting device is driven hydraulically, a mythically interrupting or reducing the pressure medium supply, or actuated by the control circuit _! Valve (80) is used in the flow (37) of the pressure medium power circuit for the drive element for the tilting device. 14) Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, for emptying containers of different sizes, in which two optionally separately or jointly operable single-lift-tilting devices (17a, b) or tilting devices are arranged, characterized in that for the pressure medium motors (62a, b; 63a, b) of each lifting and tilting device or tilting device are provided with two identical pressure medium power circuits which can be connected in parallel and from one another by means of a switching valve (53) designed as a shut-off and switching valve and set up for electrical and possibly manual actuation Can be separated, which, together with the control circuit provided for each individual lifting / tilting device (17a, b) or individual tilting device, is connected to a power source (73) via a common switch (75) and is in the shut-off position when the switch (75) is closed . 15) Device according to claim 12, characterized in that a second changeover valve (65) is provided which is controlled in the opposite way to the first changeover valve (53) and into one of the two pressure medium power circuits of the hydraulic system before the connection of the pressure medium connecting line (64) in the pressure medium supply line (61a) of the pressure medium motors (62a, 63a) is inserted. 16) Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that movable barrier elements (15) are provided on the side walls of the collecting container (2) in a securing position which laterally shuts off the working area of the lifting / tilting device (4) or tilting device or devices, which are connected to a shut-off valve in the pressure medium supply line of the pressure medium power circuit or the pressure medium power circuits in such a way that the pressure medium supply to the pressure medium power circuit or to the pressure medium power circuits is only opened in the securing position of the barrier elements (15). 17) Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the shut-off valve (34a) is equipped with an electrical monitoring device (16) which only permits the shut-off for automatic operation when the electrical control is switched on. 18) Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the shut-off valve (34a) is held in the shut-off position by means of a resilient device and can be moved into the open position with an actuating device which overcomes this resilient device. 19) Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the shut-off valve is provided with an optional actuator which, in its one position, the shut-off valve regardless of the position of the barrier elements (15) in the open position for the pressure medium to the pressure medium power circuit or Pressure medium power circuits holds. 20) Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that on the side walls of the collecting container (2) attached, movable in the rest position and securing position movable barrier elements (15) are provided and these barrier elements (15) are assigned an electrical switch which is arranged as a main switch in the electrical supply line in front of the electrical control circuit or electrical circuits and is inserted only in the safety position of the barrier elements (15). 21) Device according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the barrier elements (15) are designed as barrier-like levers and are pivotally mounted on the side walls of the collecting container (2). 22) Device according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that pressure medium motors (15a) are provided for adjusting the barrier elements (15) in the securing position and the rest position. 23) Device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the control circuit or the control circuits are connected to a programming and switching device, the input devices for identification information, such as type, size, etc., about the container to be emptied, memory with Contains data about the containers to be considered for emptying, circuit arrangements for determining the control mode suitable for emptying the respective container and switching devices for setting the determined control mode on the electrical control circuit. 24) Apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that a photoelectric reading device for the identification markings attached to the containers to be emptied is arranged as an input device for the identification information in the region of the lifting / tilting frame or tilting frame. 25) Apparatus according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the electrical control circuit and the valve control interconnected additional elements for setting the starting position of the lifting / tilting frame or tilting frame suitable for the respective container to be emptied, if necessary with connection = to the instantaneous filling weight of the collecting container determining device included. 25) Device according to one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that the electrical control circuit and the valve control interconnected, additional elements for adjusting the emptying speed suitable for the respective container to be emptied, possibly with a connection to the weight of the container to be emptied determining device included. 27) Device according to one of claims 23 to 26, characterized in that a registration and recording device for the recorded identification information and at least the filling weight of the respective container to be emptied is connected to the programming and switching device.
Device according to one of claims 23 to 27, characterized in that the lifting and tilting device or tilting device is provided with devices for determining the weight of the container before and after the emptying process and the programming and switching device circuit arrangements for comparing the setpoint and actual value of the empty container weight contains, which are designed to cause the electrical control circuit for repeated control of a tipping process in the manner of a shake when the actual value exceeds the target value by a predetermined amount, and that facilities are provided, if necessary, at Unter If the actual value falls below a setpoint, trigger an alarm on an alarm device and / or carry out a corresponding registration in a registration device. 29) Device according to one of claims 23 to 27, characterized in that means for determining the weight of the container before and after the emptying process are provided on the lifting and tilting device and tilting device and the programming and switching device circuit arrangements for comparing the setpoint and actual value of the empty container weight contains, which are designed to switch on the valve (80) for rhythmic interruption or narrowing of the pressure medium flow to the drive element of the tilting device when the actual value exceeds the target value by a predetermined amount. 30) Device according to one of claims 23 to 29, characterized in that arranged in the region of the lifting and tilting device or the tilting device optical and / or mechanical and / or magnetic sensors for determining the proper condition of the container to be emptied and with the programming and switching device are connected in such a way that the emptying process is initiated only when the container is in the correct condition and / or any defects found in the condition of the container are registered in a registration device together with the identification data of the respective container.

Images