EP0153660A2 - Concrete form element for the construction in permanent form - Google Patents

Abstract

A formwork element for the sheath-concrete manner with side walls (10) is described, which are provided at their edges with grooves (14) and springs (13) for securing the position and are connected by webs (11) and optionally end walls (12). The inside of the side walls (10) has snap-in points at which the connecting webs (11) can be positioned. The snap-in points are formed, for example, by mutually adapted, undercut depressions and elevations, balls and ball sockets or flat locking grooves. Gluing ensures the required strength. The side walls (10) can also be used as insulation boards in the form of roof or floor insulation boards and also for thermal insulation on the outside and inside of buildings.

Description

The invention relates to a formwork element for the shell concrete construction, in particular made of rigid foam, with side walls, which are provided at their edges with grooves and springs for securing the position and can be connected by webs and, if appropriate, end walls.

Known large-format formwork elements of this type (DE-AS 26 18 125) can also be used in a variety of ways in composite structures and enable cost-effective and quick construction of buildings with good external and internal thermal insulation. With regard to the diverse requirements for such formwork elements, however, improvements are desirable. In particular, the formwork elements should be stable and resistant to internal and external loads with regard to the often storey-high concrete backfill, and should enable cheap manufacture and space-saving transport. The invention is therefore based on the object to provide formwork elements for the sheath concrete construction, which can be used universally, can be produced cheaply with short cycle times, can withstand high loads, especially when filling with concrete, require little transport and storage space and can also be used as insulation boards for Allow many uses.

To achieve the object, the invention is based on a formwork element of the type mentioned at the outset and is characterized in that the side walls are provided on their inside with snap-in points at which the webs can be fixed in position.

In this way, it is possible to be able to produce the side walls and the connecting webs separately and from different materials. This makes the manufacturing forms easier and cheaper and enables short cycle times. A material of high strength and heat resistance can be selected for the connecting webs, for example reinforced concrete, so that the side walls withstand a high internal pressure when filling the concrete. In contrast to connecting webs made of hard foam, for example, in the case of one-piece production of the formwork elements, the penetration of a fire is avoided. The storage and transport costs remain low because the individual parts first have to be assembled at the construction site or in a regional interim storage facility. This is in contrast to also known formwork elements (US Pat. No. 4,223,501), in which connecting webs in the form of metal grids or sheets are inserted into the mold during manufacture. This is difficult and cumbersome and also leads to cold bridges, because the metal parts end relatively close to the outer surface for secure anchoring. The also known, subsequent insertion of sheet metal connecting webs into prefabricated slots or grooves (US Pat. No. 3,788,020) leads to a questionable weakening of the side walls through the slots or grooves and also creates cold bridges.

The material of the connecting bridges can also be chosen so that the dreaded acoustic bridges are avoided and the clairaudience of the buildings can be eliminated.

There are numerous possibilities for the formation of the side walls, the connecting webs and the end or intermediate walls and their mutual fastening. In a further development of the invention, it can be provided that the snap-in points are formed by a shallow depression with undercut edges, into which an adapted counterpart can be inserted in a latching manner. In reverse, the locking points can also be replaced by a shallow elevation with indented edges are formed, on which an adapted counterpart can be latched. A snap-in or clip connection is then created between the side wall on the one hand and the connecting elements or other parts on the other hand, which pulls the two parts against one another. In addition, an adhesive can be applied or sprayed on before snapping into place. The depression or the elevation can be relatively flat, for example a height or depth of 2 to 5 mm, so that there is practically no weakening of the side walls. The shape of the depression or elevation and the corresponding counterpart can be chosen depending on the circumstances. However, a circular shape is particularly useful. But there is also the possibility of forming the recesses as a tongue or groove with a dovetail cross section. One or more grooves or tongues can run through to the upper edge and / or to the lower edge of the side walls, so that the corresponding counterpart can be inserted. The remaining parts of the grooves or tongues lead to an additional anchoring of the side walls on the concrete without additional measures. The attachment is also ensured if the glued joints between the side walls and the connecting webs no longer hold. For the correct positioning of the connecting webs or other counterparts, the groove or the tongue can be provided with centering points.

Another advantageous development of the invention provides that the locking points are formed by a ball socket or a ball for locking a ball or a ball socket. The ball or the ball socket can be arranged on an elevation or at the bottom of a depression, which expediently has a circular shape. If the connecting webs each have a contact surface at both ends, which are designed as a counterpart to the elevation or depression and / or the ball or ball socket, there is the possibility of contacting one another Additional surfaces to be glued together over a large area. The ball and the ball socket should be designed so that a certain amount of tension remains after the assembly, which ensures secure contact and a good glue point. The contact surfaces may be used for other _V ER- enlargement of the adhesive surface be provided with extending beyond the elevation or depression extensions.

According to a further development of the invention, the latching points can also be formed by grooves arranged at the same distance from one another, running from top to bottom and distributed over the entire inner surface of the side walls. The cross section of the grooves can be rectangular or so designed that the grooves are widened at their base, that is to say, for example, in the form of a dovetail. Formwork elements designed in this way can be manufactured with practically any desired length or cut to the required size, as required. The grooves improve the adhesion of the side walls to the concrete, so that the penetration of water into the gap between the side wall and the concrete is prevented and, moreover, no tones can arise when the side wall strikes the solidified concrete. The recess in the grooves creates webs between two adjacent grooves, the cross-section of which can advantageously be complementary to the cross-section of the grooves. The tongue and groove surface of the side walls has a shock-absorbing effect when pouring the concrete, which often falls from a relatively high height. Individual chunks are then spring-loaded and do not lead to the formwork elements being destroyed by bursting.

The side walls are preferably made of rigid foam. However, other materials can also be used. In particular, it is possible to connect side walls of different types to one another. For example, a hard foam side wall can be used on the outside of a building and a gypsum fibreboard can be used on the inside. Other combinations, also with mineral insulating materials, are possible. The The material of the connecting webs is appropriately chosen so that a good connection is achieved and there is no risk of fire breakdown. A further development of the invention recommends that the connecting webs consist of concrete at least in the area of their contact surfaces. Lightweight concrete (vermiculite) is also suitable here. When, for example, rigid foam and concrete are bonded, curing times are considerably shorter than with a bond between two hard foam parts because the solvents can escape from the bond point more quickly. To increase the tensile strength, the connecting webs can have one or more reinforcing bars in the central area, which are either exposed or already cast with concrete. The connecting webs made of concrete can also expediently have coaxial bores from both ends which end at a short distance from one another. The remaining concrete residue between the two holes prevents fire penetration, but on the other hand can easily be pierced later, for example for convenient attachment of fastening or support parts as well as for the passage of lines and pipes. Finding the right place is particularly easy when the side walls have centering points on their outside. which marks the position of the connecting webs and, if applicable, their bores.

Connecting webs made in one piece from concrete have plate-shaped end plates on both sides, which are connected via a central shaft. The plate-shaped end plates suitably have a circular shape, but can also be oval, rectangular or any other shape. The shaft can have at least one circumferential groove at the transition to the end plates. Reinforcing bars can be inserted correctly positioned in this groove. Two adjacent grooves allow such bars to cross.

The contact surfaces of the connecting webs are expediently designed as a counterpart to the latching points on the side walls in order to achieve a good connection. If according to the illustrated embodiment the latching points are formed by grooves arranged at the same distance from one another, running from top to bottom and distributed over the entire inner surface of the side walls, the contact surfaces on the end plates of the connecting webs have an adapted shape with alternating grooves and tongues. Even if the grooves in the side walls are undercut, the corresponding tongues of the end plates can have a rectangular or square cross-section so that they can be easily inserted. A high degree of strength is achieved through large-area gluing. Because of the continuous grooves on the side walls, the connecting webs can be attached at the desired height and at any point. If the end plates are attached in such a way that they bridge the vertical or horizontal gap between formwork elements, they also serve to connect adjacent elements. Several formwork elements can be connected at the joint between a horizontal and a vertical gap.

The connecting webs can also be realized in the form of two plates forming the contact surfaces, which are connected via preferably crossed tension struts in the form of wires or flat elements. It is important to achieve a certain spring effect, which helps to avoid sudden loading of the side walls when pouring concrete and thus avoid tearing out the connecting webs from the side walls.

In order to improve the adhesion between the side walls and the solidified concrete, the side walls in a further development of the invention can be provided on their inside with trough-shaped depressions or web-like elevations, preferably running parallel to the narrow sides of the side walls. Elevations are particularly suitable if the latching points of the side walls also have elevations, so that the thickness of the side walls and thus the storage and transport space used do not increase additionally. In the other case, ie if the snap-in points have depressions preferably also groove-shaped depressions. In addition, the side walls can be provided on their outside with a raised or recessed grid, which enables parts of the formwork elements to be cut to size on the construction site. A cross grid or a pattern of parallel vertical lines can be provided. The depth of the corresponding channels or the height of the corresponding webs only has to be so large that a correct detection is possible.

The grooves and tongues provided on the edges of the side walls for securing the position are undercut according to a particularly advantageous development of the invention, so that a tensile connection between adjacent side walls is created. This applies both to the connection of formwork elements placed on top of one another and to the connection of the elements standing next to each other. With such a connection, there is then no longer any danger that, after erecting a floor-high wall or an entire floor, a wind or storm will collapse before the concrete is filled. The springs can be dovetail-like with correspondingly adapted grooves, rounded edges being expedient. There is also the possibility that the springs in cross section have approximately the shape of a circle, which is connected to the side wall via a short extension. The grooves are complementary. Such a rounded design has the advantage that dirt caused by concrete residues can be removed more easily in rough operation on the construction site.

The locking points can also be realized in that the side walls at the top and bottom edge have blind holes with a T-shaped cross section open to the inside for the latched reception of end plates of the connecting webs. The blind holes can be relatively close to the inner surface, so that there is no major weakening of the side walls. The depth of the blind holes can correspond to half the dimensions of the end plates Chen, so that the end plates are each arranged half in a formwork element and the other half in the formwork element above. The end plates expediently have a square shape and are connected by a rectangular bar. Then the connecting webs can be rotated alternately by 90 ° with each other, whereby a higher torsional rigidity is achieved. The cross section of the blind holes must then be adjusted accordingly. The end plates can be made of sheet metal, for example. The connecting rods can be welded wires. A further development provides that two connecting webs, each with two end plates, are connected to one another in the region of their connecting rods between the end plates. If the connection is made in the middle of the connecting rods, an X-shaped structure is created, which in turn has a certain spring effect. In addition, the distance between two double connecting webs of this type is increased in the middle of the respective wall, as a result of which pipes of larger cross-section (for example with a diameter of 100 mm) can be accommodated without difficulty.

When joining formwork elements on the face side, no end plates are required. At building corners, at connection points between the outer and inner walls and, for example, also on door frames or window openings, the formwork elements must be closed on the end faces. End walls or panels or intermediate walls therefore need only be provided at these points. The end walls can either be glued butt-jointed or can also be equipped with positioning elements on their side edges abutting the side walls, which interact with complementary elements of the side walls. The positioning elements can consist of pins with associated bores or grooves with associated springs. When using adhesive, no undercuts are expediently provided so that the end or intermediate walls can be pressed in and do not have to be pushed in, since the adhesive used would be wasted pushed.

The formwork elements according to the invention can be adapted to all practical requirements with the help of only one type of side wall, associated connecting webs and only one end wall. So there is no need to use special corner elements and other connecting elements of different shapes. In addition, there is the possibility of using the side walls as thermal insulation panels. Such insulation boards can be installed as roof insulation boards on or under the rafters. The positive connection enables fast and clean work. The panels can have a relatively long length of, for example, 2 m, because the formwork elements can also be large. In a similar way, the thermal insulation boards can be laid on floating screed and, if necessary, carry pipes or hoses for underfloor heating. Finally, the thermal insulation panels can also be attached to the outside or inside of buildings.

When using the side walls explained above, in which the snap-in points are formed by grooves arranged at the same distance from one another, running from top to bottom and distributed over the entire inner surface of the side walls, in the case of roof insulation panels the grooves are arranged upwards and in the direction of the roof , so that penetrating or condensing water can run off to the eaves. When using such side walls as floor panels, on which heating pipes or hoses may be laid, the tongue and groove side is brought down to enable better impact sound insulation. The grooves also enable the side walls to be retrofitted as interior or exterior wall insulation when using plaster or adhesive mortar.

To attach the thermal insulation panels to a wall to be insulated, holders can also be used which are designed as one end of the connecting stele, cooperate with the snap-in points of the thermal insulation panel in the form of the side wall and can be fixed on the wall. The right one Positioning of the holders are appropriately used templates. The holders advantageously have a contact surface with a ball on one foot, which snap into ball sockets on the side walls. If the heat insulation plate in the form of the side wall is used as an insulating plate for underfloor heating, holding devices for the pipes or hoses of the underfloor heating are expediently used, which are designed like one end of the connecting webs and interact with the latching points. For the safe and convenient fixing of the pipes or hoses, the holding devices can have a ball which snaps into a ball socket of the side wall or heat insulation plate and which merges into a head provided with a bore for the hose or the pipe, the ball extending into the Has hole through slot. The holder can then be bent open in the area of the slot, placed over the pipe or hose and then snapped into the ball socket.

When using rigid foam, a fire-retardant rigid foam of class F is used to eliminate the risk of fire.

• Fig. 1 die perspektivische Ansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels für ein Schalungselement nach der Erfindung;
• Fig. 2 schematisch eine geschnittene Teilansicht im Bereich der Verbindungsstelle zwischen einem Verbindungssteg und einer Seitenwand;
• Fig. 3 eine komplementäre Ausführungsform der Verbindungsstelle gemäß Fig. 2;
• Fig. 4 eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform für eine Verbindungsstelle zwischen einem Verbindungssteg und einer Seitenwand;
• Fig. 5 eine Schnittansicht durch ein Schalungselement gemäß Fig. 1 im Bereich der Verbindungsstege;
• Fig. 6 ein abgewandeltes Ausführungsbeispiel für die Seitenwand eines Schalungselementes;
• Fig. 7 eine geschnittene Teilansicht für ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Verbindungssteges mit Festlegung in der Seitenwand ;
• Fig. 8 perspektivisch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für die Seitenwand eines Schalungselementes;
• Fig. 9 Verbindungsstege für das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 8;
• Fig.10 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für einen Doppel-Verbindungssteg;
• Fig.11 perspektivisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer End- oder Zwischenwand;
• Fig.12 schematisch einen Teilschnitt für die Befestigung einer Wärmedämmplatte an einer zu dämmenden Wand;
• Fig.13 schematisch einen Ausschnitt einer Fußboden-Dämmplatte mit dem darauf befestigten Schlauch einer Fußbodenheizung;
• Fig.14 eine Haltevorrichtung zur Befestigung des Schlauches einer Fußbodenheizung gemäß Fig. 13;
• Fig.15 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für ein Schalungselement nach der Erfindung;
• Fig. 16 eine Eckverbindung unter Verwendung von Schalungselementen und Verbindungsstegen gemäß Fig. 15;
• Fig. 17 eine T-förmige Verbindungsstelle unter Verwendung von Schalungselementen und Verbindungsstegen gemäß Fig. 15;
• Fig. 18 einen Deckenabschluß unter Verwendung von Schalungselementen und Verbindungsstegen gemäß Fig. 15.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings. Show it:

• Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention.
• 2 schematically shows a sectional partial view in the region of the connection point between a connecting web and a side wall;
• FIG. 3 shows a complementary embodiment of the connection point according to FIG. 2;
• 4 shows a modified embodiment for a connection point between a connecting web and a side wall;
• 5 shows a sectional view through a formwork element according to FIG. 1 in the region of the connecting webs;
• Fig. 6 shows a modified embodiment for the side wall of a formwork element;
• 7 shows a sectional partial view for a further exemplary embodiment of a connecting web fixed in the side wall;
• 8 shows a perspective view of a further exemplary embodiment for the side wall of a formwork element;
• Fig. 9 connecting webs for the embodiment of FIG. 8;
• 10 shows another exemplary embodiment of a double connecting web;
• 11 shows in perspective an embodiment of an end or partition;
• 12 shows schematically a partial section for fastening a thermal insulation panel to a wall to be insulated;
• Fig. 13 schematically shows a section of a floor insulation board with the attached hose of an underfloor heating;
• 14 a holding device for fastening the hose of an underfloor heating according to FIG. 13;
• 15 shows a further embodiment for a formwork element according to the invention;
• 16 shows a corner connection using formwork elements and connecting webs according to FIG. 15;
• FIG. 17 shows a T-shaped connection point using formwork elements and connecting webs according to FIG. 15;
• 18 shows a ceiling finish using formwork elements and connecting webs according to FIG. 15.

The embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention shown in perspective in FIG. 1 has two side walls 10 made of fire-retardant hard foam, which are connected to one another via two webs 11 and an end wall 12. For the form-fitting assembly of formwork elements of the same type standing side by side or one above the other, the upper and lower edges as well as the front edges of the side walls 10 and the upper and lower edges of the end wall 12 are provided with webs 13 or complementary grooves 14 which are circular in cross section with a short approach are trained. To assemble the springs 13 are inserted into the grooves 14. Trough-shaped depressions 15 on the inside of the side walls 10, which can optionally also have an undercut shape, effect an additional fixing of the side walls to the filled and solidified concrete. Markings in the form of flat channels 16 are arranged on the outside of the side walls 10, which enable a cut to size. Centering points 17 mark the position of the connecting ^{webs 11.}

2 shows in more detail an embodiment for the latching point between the side wall 10 and a connecting web 11. The side wall has a flat recess 18 with an undercut edge, and the foot 19 of the connecting element 11 has a complementary elevation 20 with a retracted edge, which can be snapped or clipped into the recess 18 by snapping. The shape is such that a certain amount of tension remains after clipping in and thus the connecting web 11 is held securely against the wall 10. If you glue the surfaces that are next to each other with adhesive before clipping in, this results in a very secure and tensile connection.

3 shows a complementary design of the connection point between the connecting web 11 and the side wall 10. Here, the foot 19 contains the flat depression 18 and the wall 10 contains the corresponding elevation 20.

Another embodiment for the connection between the side wall 10 and the connecting element 11 is shown in FIG. 4. The foot 19 of the connecting web 11 has a flat, central recess 21, and the Wall 10 is equipped with a corresponding elevation 22. A ball 23 is arranged in the center of the depression 21 and engages in a ball socket 24 by being pressed into it. Here, too, a residual tension is exerted on the connecting element 11 after it has snapped in, so that a secure fit and good adhesion is achieved. For better load distribution and enlargement of the adhesive surface, the foot 19 of the connecting web 11 can be provided with extensions 25 indicated by dashed lines.

5 shows a cross section through the formwork element according to FIG. 1. According to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, two connecting elements 11 arranged one above the other are connected to the side walls 10 by latching. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the connecting elements 11 consist of concrete and have central bores 26 from both sides, which end at a distance of a few centimeters from one another. The centering points 17 on the outside of the side walls 10 mark the position of the bores 26, so that later it is possible to drill through the remaining residue between the two bores 26 for the passage of lines or cables or the attachment of fastening and supporting elements.

7, a connecting element 31 is used, which has two end plates 27 and connecting wires or rods 28. The plates 27 are snapped into a recess 18, similar to the embodiment according to FIG. 2, and additionally glued there. The wires 28 are easily welded to the plates 27 made of sheet metal. The crossing of the wires results in a certain suspension effect, which mitigates shocks when filling with concrete.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8, the side wall 10 shown in perspective is provided with latching points in the form of blind holes 30 with a T-shaped cross section, which are arranged on the upper edge and lower edge. The relatively flat blind holes 30 do not significantly weaken the side wall but allow the snap-in connecting webs 41, which are shown in FIG. 9, in a simple manner. Each connecting web 41 has an end plate 32 of square shape and a connecting rod 33 with a rectangular cross section. To increase the torsional rigidity of the formwork element, the connecting webs 41 are used alternately in the position shown in FIGS. 9a and 9b, that is to say with a rotation of 90 °. The blind holes 30 must be adjusted accordingly (not shown) with regard to their connection to the inner surface of the side wall 10.

FIG. 10 shows an exemplary embodiment of a double connecting web 51. Two cranked connecting wires 34 each have plates 35 at their ends, which can be designed similarly to the plates 32 in FIG. 9. The plates lie in the blind holes 30 according to FIG. 8. In the middle, the wires 34 are connected to one another in accordance with the schematic illustration, for example by screwing or welding. Overall, a double connecting element 51 with an X-shape is created, which in turn has a certain spring effect and can thus absorb shocks.

11, the end wall 12 of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 is shown again in isolation. Lateral ridges 36 in the form of raised ridges, in cooperation with corresponding depressions (not shown) on the inside of the side walls 10, enable precise positioning.

12 shows, in the form of a partial section, the attachment of a side wall 10 used as a thermal insulation panel to a building wall 40 to be insulated. In the ball socket 24 (cf. FIG. 4) of the panel 10, which in the exemplary embodiment shown does not rise directly in the wall 10 is attached, the ball 23 of a holder 42 engages, a flange 43 laying against the plate 10. In addition, gluing in the area of Flange 43 and the ball 23 take place. A foot 44, which contains a screw 45 with which the holder 42 is screwed into the wall 40 to be insulated, adjoins the flange 43 of the holder 42. The distance between the plate 10 and the wall 40 achieved by the holder 42 results in a desired additional insulation and ventilation.

13 schematically shows the use of a side wall 10 as a floor insulation panel with a hose 46 of an underfloor heating. The hose 46 can be positioned exactly at the stop points, which are only shown schematically in the form of, for example, elevations 21 according to FIG. 4, wherein a fastening element according to FIG. 14 can be used. The fastening element has a ball 53 similar to the ball 23 in Figure 4. A head 54 with a bore 55 for receiving the hose 46 connects to the ball. A slot 56 leads through the ball to the bore 55, so that the two halves of the ball 53 can be bent and in this way the hose can be brought into the bore 55. The ball 53 is then pressed into a ball socket (not shown) corresponding to the ball socket 24 in FIG. 4.

A modification of the side wall 10 is shown in FIG. 6. Instead of individual depressions 18 (FIG. 2) with, for example, a circular shape, dovetail grooves 58 are provided which start from the upper edge and end in front of the lower edge of the wall 10. In certain positions marked by markings (not shown), connecting elements 11 with a correspondingly designed foot can be inserted and glued into the dovetail grooves 58. The remaining free parts of the dovetail groove 58 cause the side wall 10 to be additionally fixed to the filled concrete.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the side walls 10 alternately have grooves 60 on their entire inside, which are at their base are expanded and thus have the shape of a rounded dovetail. The webs 61 between adjacent grooves 60 have a cross section that is complementary to the grooves 60. The associated connecting webs 11 are expediently made in one piece from concrete. They have plate-shaped end plates 62, the outer surfaces of which have webs 63 which penetrate into the grooves 60 and grooves 64 which receive the webs 61. The webs 63, which can be continuous or interrupted, have a rectangular cross section, so that the connecting webs 11 can be inserted into the side walls 10. This can be done practically anywhere and at any height of the formwork elements. A very high strength of the connection point between the connecting webs 11 and the side walls 10 can be achieved by using a suitable adhesive.

16, 17 and 18 show examples of the possibilities that are created with the design of the side walls 10 and connecting webs 11 in accordance with the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 15. No specially designed formwork elements are required for the corner connection according to FIG. 16. It is only necessary to cut out a part of the side wall 10 at the point designated 65, so that no bridge consisting of rigid foam remains in the wall which will be finished later, which enables a fire breakdown. In order to achieve the necessary strength of the formwork elements 10 against bursting when the concrete is poured in, the connecting webs 11 are moved as close as possible to the corner, and - as shown - they can also protrude into the opening 65. The lowest connecting web 11 in FIG. 16 bridges the gap between two formwork elements and accordingly establishes a connection. An end piece 66 closes off the corner from the outside. 15 on the edges, this end piece has the same grooves 60 and tongues 61 as the side walls 10 and can therefore be pushed into the side walls while achieving a non-positive connection. Those facing the inside of the formwork element Grooves and tongues 60, 61 of the connecting piece 66 serve, like the free grooves 60, 61 of the side walls 10, of a resilient padding which dampens the dynamic forces which then occur when the concrete is poured in.

FIG. 17 shows a T-shaped connection point between formwork elements according to FIG. 15. Again, no special designs are required. It is only necessary to remove part of the .side wall 10 at the joint at 67, so that there is again no risk of fire breakdown. The connecting webs 11 are brought close to the point 67 in order to achieve the required strength or project into this.

18 schematically shows a ceiling closure using formwork elements according to FIG. 15. When the wall height is reached, the upper part of the side wall 10 is removed from the uppermost formwork element in accordance with the thickness of the ceiling 68 shown in broken lines at 69 up to the height of the filled-in concrete 70. Before the ceiling 68 is applied, the protruding part of the end plate 62 of the uppermost connecting web 11 can be knocked off, if necessary.

According to FIG. 15, the connecting web 11 has two circumferential grooves 71 on both sides at the transition into the end plates 62. Horizontal and / or vertical reinforcing bars 72 can be inserted into these in a positioned manner.

As far as "gluing" is mentioned in the above description, this means the following: rigid foam based on polystyrene (styrofoam) is very sensitive to the collapse of the cell walls when a solvent effective for polystyrene is applied. Common adhesives for polystyrene therefore do not contain a solvent that could attack polystyrene. In the context of the present invention, however, an adhesive is used which contains a solvent for polystyrene in an appropriate dilution, the dilution being selected such that the cell walls of the polystyrene only are dissolved and softened so far that a smoothing of the surface of the polystyrene and adjustment to the surface of the webs is made possible without the cell walls of the polystyrene collapsing. This dissolving of the cell walls in the surface area of the rigid foam surprisingly leads to a solidification of the surface of the formwork element, since the rigid foam balls from which the rigid foam is made bake together, so that a welded surface layer of the rigid foam is produced in the area of the adhesive point.

With the adhesive used, it is important to use the solvent of the rigid foam in a controlled manner. This generally requires dilution with a filler or the like based on cellulose, acrylic resin or polyester resin. can exist. This filler also has the function of filling any gaps between the formwork element and the webs. The consistency of the adhesive can be adapted to the application process, with spraying, brushing and filling.

For gluing, glue can be applied to either the web or the rigid foam or to these two parts. The adhesive applied to the webs can differ from the adhesive applied to the rigid foam, in particular it can be portions of a two-component adhesive. If both sides of the surfaces to be glued are treated with adhesive, then the consistency of the adhesives for one side, for example the webs, can differ from the consistency of the adhesives on the other side, that is, the rigid foam. For example, one side to be glued is sprayed with an aerosol, while the other side is coated with a paste, which ensures surface leveling between the surfaces to be glued.

Appropriately processed plastic waste can be used as fillers, so that the invention can be offered inexpensively according to the proposed adhesive.

The _S chalungssystem for the cladding concrete manner can be supplemented by a further not shown member, whereby in particular horizontal formwork end walls can be formed. This element has latching points on its narrow sides which correspond to the corresponding latching points 18, 20, 23, 27, 63, 64 of the webs and thus cooperate with the latching points 18, 20, 24, 30, 58, 60, 61 of the wall formwork elements can. These formwork elements provided to form a horizontal formwork end wall have a width which corresponds to the length of the webs, while the length of these elements is not critical and can be, for example, 1 m, since one can form a horizontal formwork end wall from individual pieces. For this purpose, these formwork elements expediently have tongue and groove on their small narrow sides, which can have the design according to parts 13, 14. In this way it is possible to put together a continuous, horizontal formwork end wall from individual formwork elements. Such a horizontal formwork wall is inserted into the vertically running snap-in points of the narrow sides of the side wall formwork elements 10 and held by support.

In the case of the production of lintels for window or door openings, the advantage is that the horizontal formwork end wall can be moved up or down as far as this corresponds to the height of the window opening or door opening. It is understood that the horizontal formwork end wall is supported in a known manner from below when casting the lintel.

With the formwork element to form the horizontal formwork end walls can be complicated and expensive to manufacture special formwork elements in a U-shape be avoided. This not only leads to a reduction in costs, but also to more convenient work at the construction site, since it is easier to maintain the correct overall height with the sliding formwork elements within the side wall formwork elements than with separate U-shaped formwork elements, the use of which is due to the necessary grid dimension leads to complications.

Claims (38)

1. Formwork element for the sheath concrete construction, in particular made of rigid foam, with side walls (10) which are provided at their edges with grooves (14) and springs (13) for securing the position and can be connected by webs (11) and optionally end walls (12, 66) ,
characterized,
that the side walls (10) are provided on their inside with snap-in points (18, 20, 24, 30, 58, 60, 61) at which the webs (11, 31, 41, 51) can be positioned. 2. Formwork element according to claim 1,
characterized in that the latching points are formed by a shallow depression (18) or elevation (20) with undercut edges into which an adapted counterpart (20; 27; 18) can be inserted in a latching manner (FIGS. 2, 7; 3). 3. Formwork element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the recess (18) or the elevation (20) have a circular shape. 4. Formwork element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the recess or the elevation is formed as a groove (58) or tongue with a dovetail cross section (Fig. 6). 5. Formwork element according to claim 4,
characterized in that one or more grooves (58) or tongues run through to the upper edge and / or to the lower edge of the side walls (10) (Fig. 6). 6. Formwork element according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the groove (58) or the spring are provided with centering points. 7. Formwork element according to claim 1,
characterized in that the locking points by a ball socket (24) or a ball for locking a ball (23) or a ball socket are formed (Fig. 4). 8. formwork element according to claim 7,
characterized in that the ball (23) or the ball socket (24) are arranged on an elevation (22) or at the bottom of a depression (21). 9. formwork element according to claim 1,
characterized in that the latching points are formed by grooves (60) which are arranged at the same distance from one another, run from top to bottom and are distributed over the entire inner surface of the side walls (FIG. 15). 10. Formwork element according to claim 9,
characterized in that the grooves (60) are widened at their base. 11. Formwork element according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the cross section of the grooves (60) is complementary to the cross section of the webs (61) remaining between two adjacent grooves (60). 12. Formwork element according to one of the claims
2 to 11, characterized in that the connecting webs (11, 31) have a contact surface (18, 19, 20, 25, 27, 62) which is designed as a counterpart to the locking points (18, 20, 24, 60, 61) are. 13. Formwork element according to claim 12,
characterized in that the contact surface is provided with extensions (19, 25) which extend beyond the elevation (20) or depression (18). 14. Formwork element according to one of the claims
1 to 13, characterized in that the connecting webs (11, 31, 41) in the area between the contact surfaces (19, 27, 32) have an optimized design for tensile stresses. 15. Formwork element according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the connecting webs (11) consist of concrete at least in the area of their contact surfaces (19). 16. formwork element according to claim 15,
characterized in that the connecting webs (11) have one or more reinforcing bars in the central area. 17. Formwork element according to claim 15 or 16,
characterized in that the connecting webs (11) have coaxial bores (26) from both ends which end at a short distance from one another (FIG. 5). 18. Formwork element according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that
the connecting webs (11) have plate-shaped end plates (19, 62) on both sides, which are connected via a central shaft. 19. Formwork element according to claim 18,
characterized in that the shaft at the transition into the end plates (62) has at least one circumferential groove (72) (Fig. 15). 20. Formwork element according to claim 12,
characterized in that the connecting webs (31) have two plates (27) forming the contact surfaces, which are connected via preferably crossed tension struts in the form of wires (28) or flat elements (Fig. 7). 21. Formwork element according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the abutting surfaces of the connecting webs (11, 31, 41) and the side walls (10) are glued. 22. Formwork element according to one of claims 12 to 21, characterized in that the side walls (10) on their outside have centering points (17) which identify the position of the connecting webs (11, 31) and, if appropriate, their bores (26). 23. Formwork element according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the side walls (10) are provided on their outside with a raised or recessed grid (16). 24. Formwork element according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the grooves (14) and springs (13) provided on the edges of the side walls (10) for securing the position are secured by a rear cut training allow a tensile connection of adjacent side walls (10). 25. Formwork element according to claim 24,
characterized in that the springs (13) have approximately the shape of a circle in cross section, which is connected to the side wall (10) via a short extension. 26. Formwork element according to claim 1,
characterized in that the side walls (10) have blind holes (30) on the upper and lower edge with a T-shaped cross section open to the inside for the latched reception of end plates (32) of the connecting webs (41, 51) (FIGS. 8 to 10 ). 27. Formwork element according to claim 26,
characterized in that the end plates (32) have a square shape and are connected by a rectangular bar (33) (Fig. 8, 9). 28. Formwork element according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that two connecting webs are connected to one another approximately in their middle, in such a way that the connecting webs form an X (Fig. 10). 29. Formwork element according to one of the claims
1 to 28, characterized in that the end walls (12, 66) are provided on their upper and lower edges like the side walls (10) with grooves (14) and springs (13) in an undercut configuration. 30. Formwork element according to claim 29,
characterized in that the end walls (12, 66) are provided on their side edges abutting the side walls (10) with positioning elements (36; 60, 61) which interact with complementary elements of the side walls (Fig. 11, 16). 31. Formwork element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the use of a side wall (10) as a thermal insulation panel. 32. formwork element according to claim 31,
characterized in that holders (42) are used for fastening to the wall (40) to be insulated, which are designed like one end of the connecting webs (11), interact with the latching points (24) of the side wall (10) and can be fixed on the wall (40) (Fig. 12). 33. formwork element according to claim 32,
characterized in that the holders (42) on a foot (44) have a contact surface (43) with ball (23) which snap into ball sockets (24) of the side walls (10). 34. formwork element according to claim 33,
characterized in that the plate is equipped as an insulating plate for underfloor heating with a holding device (Fig. 14) for the pipes or hoses (46) of the underfloor heating (Fig. 13). 35. Formwork element according to claim 34,
characterized in that the holding devices (Fig. 14) are designed as one end of the connecting webs (11) and cooperate with the latching points (21). 36. Formwork element according to claim 35,
characterized in that the holding device has a ball (53) which engages in a ball socket of the plate (10) and which merges into a head (54) provided with a bore (55) for the hose (46) or the tube, and that Ball (53) has a slot (56) extending through the bore (55) (FIG. 14). 37. adhesive for connecting the webs and the formwork elements consisting of rigid foam according to claim 1,
characterized in that the adhesive contains a solvent which dissolves the rigid foam in such a dilution in a filler that the rigid foam is only dissolved to the extent that its cell walls do not collapse. 38. Formwork element according to one of claims 1 to 36,
characterized by snap-in points (18, 20; 23-27, 63, 64) which are attached to their narrow sides in such a way that they have the snap-in points (18, 20-24, 30, 58, 60, 61) on the inside the side wall formwork elements (10) fit together, in particular to form a horizontal formwork end wall in the production of a shaped block.

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