DE102015207034A1 - Wall element and wall system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a wall element of two plates separated by at least one spacer and a wall system made using supports and these wall elements. The invention also relates to a method for producing the wall element and a method for producing the wall system.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a wall element, a wall system based thereon and method for producing the wall element and the wall system.

Background of the invention

The use of wall elements with spaced-apart plates is basically known in practice.

Thus, the patent application discloses EP 1 918 473 A2 a wall system with wall elements of various sizes and formats, wherein the wall elements have at least one spacer and two plates which are fixed to at least one spacer. By stacking the individual wall elements then the wall is formed. These wall elements have the disadvantage that they are connected either by mortar connection or filling the cavities with a binder to a masonry bond. These methods are relatively complex and lead to a masonry bond that is only to dissolve under damage to the wall elements again.

Summary of the invention

This is where the invention, which is based on the object to provide an improved wall element available.

In a first aspect, this object is achieved according to the invention in that a wall element is provided which comprises two substantially parallel spaced plates, which are interconnected by at least one spacer so that an all-sided, marginal projection of the plates results.

The wall element according to the invention combines several advantages over the wall elements known from the prior art.

As the inventors have found, such an embodiment with an all-round plate protrusion that is available allows a simple and stable fastening of the wall elements in a carrier-based wall system.

The wall elements in particular allow factory production and can then be processed as prefabricated wall elements on the site in a fast manner. This not only saves time and money, but also minimizes the risk of construction defects.

In the case of the wall elements, the cavity between the spaced-apart plates allows a further design possibility after assembly. Thus, by incorporating insulating material an insulated wall can be realized or by pouring a filler material such as concrete a solid wall can be made.

The wall elements can here by simply plugging, i. be fixed without connecting means and special tools or machines on the support and this connection can just as easily be solved again.

The simple assembly makes it possible for laypersons to build components or structures and allows marketing in the form of a kit.

The wall elements according to the invention fulfill all safety regulations for production, storage, transport and installation. Furthermore, can be easily meet with the wall element of the invention all accident prevention regulations, especially for construction and load handling and equipment in Hebezugbetrieb the professional associations.

The two plates can be made of different materials and the wall element can thus be tailored to the particular application.

Especially with plates made of stone, concrete or ceramic, the wall element has a very good weather and frost resistance, which makes it especially qualified for outdoor use.

The ability to fix the spacers only from the back, so leave the front of the plate intact, not only an aesthetically pleasing wall design is possible, but the plates can be recycled after disassembly for other purposes.

Overall, the wall elements thus allow a modular construction of a wall. Thus, differently configured wall elements (e.g., with a built-in letterbox, lighting fixture or window element) can be combined in any manner, and individual wall elements can be easily removed and replaced with other wall elements.

The wall elements according to the invention are to be produced with simple, commercially available components, which is reflected in low production costs.

The invention in detail

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the wall element, the marginal projection is equal in size on all sides. As already shown above, the edge projection by attaching to a suitably dimensioned carrier is crucial for the construction of a stable wall. Due to the fact that the marginal projection on all sides of the plate is the same size, the wall element can be plugged in all orientations on the support, without resulting in a position-dependent offset. In addition, only this configuration allows the construction of wall systems with nationwide installation of the wall elements. This is achieved in that the edge-side projection in a preferred manner corresponds to half the width of a carrier, so that when mounting the adjacent plates cover the intermediate carrier half each and appear as a solid, closed masonry union.

In one embodiment, in a rectangular or square wall element, the marginal projection is of identical size on three sides and smaller than the protrusion of the fourth side. A wall element designed in this way can function as an external (i.e., an element adjacent to a vertical support) in that the larger projection is aligned with the vertical support and partially or preferably completely covers it.

In the wall element according to the invention, the two plates of the wall element preferably have identical dimensions, so that only one plate is required for the construction of the wall element. In a particularly preferred manner, the two plates are connected by the at least one spacer so that they are aligned with each other across the surface. You can use it as a single brick to build a wall system and can be mounted in this simple form without risk of misalignment.

In an alternative embodiment, the two flatly aligned plates may have the same cross-sectional dimensions, but be of different thickness, so that, for example, a thicker plate is mounted to the weather side, or mounted to the primary side viewing plate as a plate from a nobler and thus more expensive Material is designed as a thinner plate.

The panels of the wall element may take any shape from its ground plan, with an angular plan is preferred. Particularly preferably, they have a rectangular plan, which is in particular square. Straight rectangular and square plates are available in many designs at low prices on the market.

In a preferred embodiment, the wall element has a square outline with an edge length of between 40 and 150 cm, preferably between 50 and 120 cm and particularly preferably of 60 cm.

Especially preferred dimensions for the wall element according to the invention are approximately 100 × 100 cm, 80 × 80 cm or 60 × 60 cm (height × width, respectively).

In a further embodiment, the plates have a thickness of 0.25 to 10 cm, preferably 0.5 to 5 cm and particularly preferably 1 cm.

For the panels of the wall element, the person skilled in the art has numerous materials available which he will select with regard to the intended use and the price. A non-exhaustive list of suitable materials includes fiber concrete, concrete, natural stone, ceramic, plastic, wood, metal, and wood-based material.

In a preferred manner, natural stone and in particular ceramic are used as plate material. These materials offer high stability with attractive aesthetic appearance.

Natural stone as a building material has several advantages. It is a natural building material that can be processed at low energy consumption without chemical additives. In addition, it is extremely durable and shows a respectable aging. A recycling or disposal of natural stone slabs is easily possible. Natural stones are aesthetically pleasing, high-quality materials, which often have a "unique character" due to possible inclusions. In addition, they offer numerous design options (for example, in terms of color, shape or surface design). Furthermore, they are not flammable and release no pollutants in case of fire.

In one embodiment, the natural stone slabs are made of limestone and in this case particularly preferably of so-called bluestone. This stone, also known as Belgian Granite, Belgian Black or Petit Granite, is a gray-blue to anthracite-colored limestone, originally from Belgium but now also available from many other countries such as China. It is a relatively inexpensive, weatherproof and aesthetically pleasing natural stone.

Furthermore, the plates, which are preferably ceramic plates, natural stone slabs or concrete slabs, provided with a decorative surface which, for example, has special graphic patterns or images.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the plate is made of concrete, in particular reinforced concrete. Conveniently, so-called. Schellevis plates can be used.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, ceramic panels are used in the wall element according to the invention. These panels combine a high weather resistance with numerous design options. With their preferred unglazed back they can be connected in a simple manner by gluing with the at least one spacer. Especially for ceramic tiles, the wall system according to the invention represents a novel and advantageous assembly strategy. It is not necessary to provide a leveled, prepared substrate. No tile adhesive or mortar is needed. The complex alignment of the plates to establish a tile mirror is eliminated and you do not have to wait until the adhesive or mortar is cured.

The panels of the wall element can be subjected to a post-treatment to meet design or technical requirements. For a possible aftertreatment, numerous methods are available to the person skilled in the art, which he will select with regard to the plate material and the tick of the aftertreatment. Examples of such aftertreatment are impregnation, glazing, painting, sealing, sandblasting or water jetting.

In a further embodiment of the invention, one or both plates of the wall element constructed of different materials, which are preferably present in different layers. For example, a natural stone face plate may be attached to a load bearing concrete layer, or a plate made of a wood material such as DMF may carry a ceramic plate.

The two plates of the wall element can also consist of different materials, so that, for example, a more expensive plate material is used as the visible side and the second plate is made of a cheaper material.

spacer

The wall element according to the invention has at least one spacer. In one embodiment, the wall element according to the invention can thus already be realized by a preferably centrally positioned spacer.

However, preferably more than one spacer is used: it is thus possible to use 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or even more spacers.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the wall element according to the invention comprises 2, 4, 6 or 8 spacers and in particular 4 spacers. These are then conveniently positioned at the four corners of the rectangular or square plate.

In the wall element, the at least one spacer may have any desired cross section. For example, it can have an angular, rectangular, square, cross-shaped, oval or circular cross-section.

Preferred here is a square cross-section, as in the positioning on the plate its orientation does not have to be considered.

The spacer is suitably made of a material that meets the on-site requirements in terms of hardness and corrosion resistance. As materials are exemplified here: natural stone, artificial stone, concrete, metal, preferably aluminum, stainless steel or steel, plastic, wood or a wood composite material. Also composite materials such as metal matrix composite materials, fiber concrete, ceramic fiber composites or fiber-plastic composites can be used here.

The spacer may be configured either in one piece or in several parts.

A one-piece configuration of the spacer is particularly advantageous in a prefabricated wall element. Thus, the wall element can be easily prefabricated and transported and stored as a stable component in this form.

A multi-part design of the spacer is advantageous, for example, in the context of assembly. Thus, first the support frame can be erected and then the wall elements are fixed in the support frame by joining the multi-part spacers. For this purpose, in particular detachable connection forms are advantageous, such as a click connection. This also makes it possible to exchange or remove one or more individual wall elements from an already mounted wall system. Such a multi-part design of the spacer also makes it possible to freely combine different plates, so as to respond even more flexibly to the on-site conditions.

The spacer may take a variety of forms in the context of the wall element according to the invention. Thus, it may be formed as a cross, angle, orthogonal polyhedron, cuboid or as a frame of an H-beam, U-beam or hollow beam. The design as a carrier profile has the advantage that the wall element also has a cavity in this area and is therefore covered by a subsequent filling with an insulating material or other filling material.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the spacer is a section of a square tube and preferably a square tube. Here, aluminum or an aluminum alloy is particularly preferred as the material.

In particular, a square section of an aluminum square tube is thus used as a spacer, which represents a simple and flexible usable shape as a cuboid spacer.

When using a plurality of spacers in a wall element (for example, 4 spacers), these are conveniently attached in the same orientation to the plates. Thus, the preferably used square tubes with their openings all in the same direction (s. 1 ). This allows easy filling with a sealing material or filler, wherein during assembly, the wall elements are used so that the openings face upwards.

Furthermore, this orientation of the spacers allows for alternative or additional attachment by inserting brackets or reinforcing elements into the square tube spacers, connecting adjacent wall elements.

In a preferred embodiment of the invented invention, the two plates are connected at the back to the at least one spacer. According to the invention, this rear attachment is designed so that it does not completely penetrate the plates and thus the front surface of the plates remains undamaged, which is not only of the aesthetic appearance, but also in the context of reusability of the plates of advantage.

Numerous options for fastening the at least one spacer to the plates are available to the person skilled in the art. Thus, the plates can be fixed with the spacer via a bolt, screw, dowel or adhesive connection.

An adhesive bond is preferably used for this purpose, and the person skilled in the art will select the optimum adhesive depending on the materials and intended use. Preferred adhesives include polyurethane adhesive, cyanoacrylate adhesive, methyl methacrylate adhesive, epoxy adhesives, and silane-modified polymers.

In particular, adhesives based on silane-modified polymers have proven to be optimal adhesives. These cure quickly and allow an extremely stable and durable connection.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, in the wall element, the rectangular and here preferably the square plate has four angularly aligned spacers.

The cavity of the wall element according to the invention can be at least partially filled with an insulating material. In a preferred embodiment, the entire cavity is filled with insulating material.

Depending on the depth of the wall element and the type of insulating material used so a noise insulation is connected, so that a correspondingly constructed wall can act as a noise barrier. The insulating material also helps that the hollow wall elements do not function as a sound box or the like at impact. sound hollow. As insulating materials here all commercially available materials are fully usable, ie both insulating materials from mineral resources (such as. Blähperlit, mineral wool, foam glass, glass wool, vermiculite, aerogels and porous calcium silicate hydrates), insulating materials from renewable resources (for example consisting of cotton, flax / hemp, Wood fiber, coconut fiber, cork, sheep wool or cellulose) and also materials from synthetic raw materials (such as expanded polystyrene foam (IPS), extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), rigid polyurethane foam (PUR / PIR), or polyurethane spray foam). Preferably, an insulating material is used, which is selected from the group consisting of Styrofoam, glass wool, rock wool and cellulose (eg IsoFloc ^TM ).

In a further embodiment of the invention, electrical or electronic components are accommodated in the wall element power lines. A non-exhaustive list of design options includes lighting fixtures, in particular LEDs, microphones, playback devices, such as speakers, pumps in particular water pumps, fans, output devices such as screens or monitors, cameras, motion sensors and alarm systems.

In one embodiment, one or more water pipes are accommodated in the wall element, which can be combined, for example, with a connection element provided on the plate side, such as sprinklers, faucets, ink nozzles, etc.

For receiving pipes or pipes, the wall elements can be prefabricated with conduits. In one embodiment, the wall element according to the invention may have one or more recesses in one or both plates.

In a further embodiment, the wall element has one or more doors or window openings, which are preferably provided with a door or a window.

According to the invention, the wall element can accommodate all components that are otherwise found in walls, such as a mailbox, a bell system, an intercom, a camera or a mailbox (see 3 ).

In a further aspect, the invention provides a wall system comprising a wall element according to the invention and a support frame, wherein the support frame consists of at least one vertical support and at least one cross member.

Preferably, in the wall element, the spacing of the plates corresponds at least to the depth of the vertical support and / or the cross member. Thus, the plates can be stably fixed by inserting into the support frame in this framework.

In this case, according to the invention, the marginal projection projecting through the at least one spacer is designed such that the wall element can be detachably connected to the at least one vertical support and / or at least one horizontal support. This is ensured by the fact that the marginal projection preferably projects over the entire side width of the respective carrier on both sides and / or has a minimum width of at least 5 mm, preferably at least 10 mm, particularly preferably 40 mm.

In this embodiment, the secure attachment of the wall elements is achieved by a preferably positive connection between the wall elements and the carriers. For this purpose, the distance between the plates of a wall element is identical to the carrier width or minimally larger, for example 1-10 mm, preferably 2 bi 8 mm, particularly preferably 5 mm.

The wall elements can also be fixed by additional fastening devices with the transverse and / or vertical support. So the attachment can be done via a bolt, screw, dowel or adhesive connection. This is particularly advantageous if a permanent or particularly strong connection is desired.

The wall system according to the invention is preferably created with prefabricated wall elements. Alternatively, partially assembled wall elements can be used, which are joined together only after insertion into the support frame to form a complete wall element.

The wall system according to the invention in its design extremely flexible. So it can be filled over the entire surface with the wall elements according to the invention. But it can also remain free frame elements and act as windows, openings or door openings.

Preferably, in the wall element according to the invention each wall element is connected to at least two carriers. This ensures a particularly stable attachment. In the preferred carrier framework of at least two vertical beams and a plurality of cross members, the individual wall elements are connected on the top and bottom side with two cross members, wherein the outer wall elements are additionally laterally connected to the vertical beams.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least one vertical support is aligned perpendicular to the at least one cross member. This results in the classic rectangular frame as architecture is almost exclusively used. This frame is then to equip accordingly with rectangular wall elements.

In a further preferred embodiment, the carriers are matched in their dimension to the plates used.

Thus, it is advantageous if the length of the cross member (taking into account the vertical support projecting overhangs) corresponds to a multiple of the width of the wall elements. With a length of the cross member of 2 m corresponding to 5 wall elements can be arranged with a width of 40 cm on it (which then do not extend beyond the vertical support).

Furthermore, it is advantageous here that the edge-side projection of adjacent plates corresponds substantially to the width of the carrier connecting them. Thus, the wall elements completely cover the carrier and thus give the appearance of a closed wall surface. In addition, so the complete beam width is used for the installation of the wall elements, resulting in a particularly stable connection.

In an alternative embodiment, the edge-side projection of adjacent plates is smaller than the width of the carrier connecting them. As a result, the carrier lying behind the plates becomes visible and can thus be used as a visual joint.

In the wall system according to the invention, the at least one vertical support and / or the at least one transverse support has a rectangular and preferably square cross-section.

But also more complex cross sections can be realized. For example, a step-shaped cross section can be used (s. 4B ). The step is expediently dimensioned so that it corresponds to the height of the plate projection and the thickness of the plate. Thus, a marginal wall element can be flush-mounted with the carrier, which is preferably a vertical carrier, are connected.

In the context of the invention, a carrier is defined as a rod-shaped component, which in the case of the vertical carrier is preferably connected to the ground, and is preferably driven into the ground or embedded in a foundation.

In the wall system according to the invention, the at least one vertical support and / or the at least one transverse support are preferably made of metal, in this case preferably aluminum, stainless steel or steel, made of plastic or of wood.

In a preferred embodiment, the carriers are configured as square wood with a cross-sectional dimension of 40 × 80 mm, 80 × 80 mm or 100 × 100.

In a further preferred embodiment, the carriers are made of Douglas fir, which are particularly preferably designed as a 70 × 70 mm square wood.

In a further preferred embodiment, the supports (and especially the vertical supports) are made of concrete and in particular of reinforced concrete. In this embodiment, the substructure is particularly stable, which is necessary in particular for heavier plates or garden walls with double-sided record support.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the carriers are made of aluminum and are in this case configured as a square tube and in particular as a square tube. Despite the higher cost, aluminum, especially in the form of an aluminum alloy, is the material of choice as a lightweight, corrosion resistant material with high specific strength.

The vertical support may be formed in one or more parts. With a one-piece carrier, the support framework is advantageously simple and fast to make. In the case of a multi-part carrier, it is possible to respond more flexibly to the on-site requirements. Thus, a carrier can be attached to a first support post in the region of the wall elements laterally, which receives the outer supernatants of the lateral plates and thus can form an inner frame with cross members (see FIG.

The aluminum square tubes here preferably have a cross-sectional size of 100 × 100 mm, 80 × 40 mm or 80 × 80 mm.

The cross beams can be connected to the vertical beams by numerous techniques known to those skilled in the art.

In one embodiment, angles and in particular metal angles are used for this purpose. The angle is expediently provided with devices for attachment. The corresponding fastening device are selected from the group consisting of hooks and eyes, angles, bars, (clamping) afford rails, tines, threaded rods and recesses preferably in a round or rectangular shape. In this case, hooks or bars which engage in a corresponding recess of the vertical carrier and anchor the angle therein are preferred. Furthermore, the angle preferably has a fastening device for a cross member, which may assume the above-listed embodiments and is preferably a pin.

An inventively particularly preferred embodiment of the angle is in 5 shown.

In this form, both compounds are designed as plug-in connections, which can be produced easily and in a reversible manner.

Alternatively, the angle can also be connected via a screw, a dowel, or an adhesive bond with the vertical support and / or the cross member.

The vertical beams of the wall system according to the invention can be anchored in the ground by any techniques known to those skilled in the art, and preferably by foundations.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the carriers are fastened as a stand in a base-side carrying device.

The carrying devices can be H-beams, U-beams and, in particular, sleeves.

These carrying devices are in this case firmly connected to the ground, which is preferably done by dowelling, screwing or concreting into the ground.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the vertical support is embedded in a sleeve, which preferably consists of aluminum, which is embedded in concrete in the ground. The use of a sleeve offers the advantage that the vertical support is fixed in all four directions. This ensures sufficient stability, which presents a particular challenge in view of being able to mount a plurality of wall elements.

In a special embodiment, the sleeve has an inwardly projecting blocking element in the lower region, which prevents the stator from being able to be inserted up to the lower end of the sleeve. This prevents that from above penetrating moisture that accumulates in the bottom portion of the sleeve, damaging the vertical support. The vertical beam is spatially separated from the ground (and thus from the bottom moisture or a puddle) by the barrier element and thus remains intact. In addition, the bottom wetness can dry more easily or seep down through the concrete.

As a blocking element to the skilled person various configurations are well known. So noses can be cut into the sleeve, which then act by bending inward as a blocking element. Preferred here is a guided from the outside through the sleeve support bolt, which is particularly preferably formed as a screw or threaded rod.

Such, provided with a screw or threaded rod sleeve is easy to prepare in advance and einzubetonieren and allows a stable and accurate positioning of the vertical support.

In a sleeve-side anchoring of the vertical support on the floor, the sleeve is preferably mounted in the ground that protrudes beyond the level of the substrate. Preferably, it protrudes here between 2 and 10 cm, more preferably between 3 and 7 cm and in particular about 5 cm out of the ground. This prevents water on the floor from flowing into the sleeve. Alternatively, the sleeve may be surrounded by a porous, water-permeable material which prevents water from accumulating. Conveniently, this gravel is used.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of manufacturing a wall panel, wherein the positioning of the two panels and / or the at least one spacer is ensured by a template.

On the one hand, this template is designed such that it can be placed or applied on a plate with exact fit and, on the other hand, it is designed so that it enables the exact positioning of the at least one spacer on this plate.

In the simplest form, the template may be realized by a frame, wherein the outer dimensions of the frame correspond to the outer dimensions of the plate and the inner four corners of the frame define the positions for the four rectangular spacers.

In a further embodiment, the template is not removed after the assembly of the wall element, but serves as a packaging element during transport and storage.

Alternatively, as a template, a plate-shaped element can be used, in which the positions of the spacers are defined by corresponding recesses in the template.

• (a) Bereitstellen einer ersten Platte,
• (b) Positionieren einer Schablone auf der ersten Platte, wobei die Schablone so ausgestaltet ist, dass sie eine Positionierung des mindestens einen Abstandshalters auf der Platte ermöglicht;
• (c) Befestigen des mindestens einen Abstandshalters nach Positionierung durch die Schablone an der ersten Platte;
• (d) Entfernen der Schablone;
• (e) Befestigen der zweiten Platte an dem mindestens einen Abstandhalter.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method for producing the wall element according to the invention comprises the following steps:

• (a) providing a first plate,
• (b) positioning a template on the first panel, the template being configured to permit positioning of the at least one spacer on the panel;
• (c) attaching the at least one spacer to the first plate after positioning by the template;
• (d) removing the template;
• (E) attaching the second plate to the at least one spacer.

In a further embodiment, a multi-part template can also be used. Such a template has the advantage that it dictates the relative position of all the basic components, namely the first plate, the at least one spacer and the second plate and then these components are joined together in one step. Thereafter, the template, which expediently consists of two segments, can be removed. The two segments of the template may be present as separate elements, but they may also be connected by a connecting element (preferably designed as a band or hinge).

• (a) Bereitstellen einer ersten Platte,
• (b) Positionieren einer Schablone auf der ersten Platte, wobei die Schablone so ausgestaltet ist, dass sie eine Positionierung des mindestens einen Abstandshalters auf der ersten Platte ermöglicht und auch eine Positionierung der zweiten Platte;
• (c) Befestigen des mindestens einen Abstandshalters mit der ersten un der zweiten Platte nach Positionierung durch die Schablone;
• (d) Seitliches Entfernen der Schablone.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the method comprises Production of the wall element according to the invention using a multi-part template, the following steps:

• (a) providing a first plate,
• (b) positioning a template on the first plate, the template being configured to permit positioning of the at least one spacer on the first plate and also positioning the second plate;
• (c) securing the at least one spacer to the first and second plates after positioning by the template;
• (d) Lateral removal of the template.

• (a) Bodenseitige Befestigung von mindestens zwei Vertikalträgern;
• (b) Verbindung von zwei benachbarten Vertikalträgern durch einen Querträger;
• (c) Anordnen von einem oder mehreren der erfindungsgemäßen Wandelemente auf dem Querträger, wobei die randständigen Wandelemente bevorzugt mit dem Vertikalträger verbunden sind;
• (d) Einfügen eines weiteren Querträgers in die kopfseitigen Überstande der im Schritt (c) angeordneten Wandelemente und Befestigung mit den benachbarten Vertikalträgern;
• (e) Optional die Wiederholung der Schritte (c) und (d).

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of constructing a wall system comprising the steps of:

• (a) Bottom attachment of at least two vertical beams;
• (B) connection of two adjacent vertical beams by a cross member;
• (C) arranging one or more of the wall elements according to the invention on the cross member, wherein the peripheral wall elements are preferably connected to the vertical support;
• (D) inserting a further cross member in the head-side projections of the wall elements arranged in step (c) and fastening with the adjacent vertical beams;
• (e) optionally repeating steps (c) and (d).

• (a) Bodenseitige Befestigung von mindestens zwei Vertikalträgern;
• (b) Verbindung von zwei benachbarten Vertikalträgern durch einen Querträger;
• (c) Anordnen von einem oder mehreren der erfindungsgemäßen Wandelemente auf dem Querträger, wobei die randständigen Wandelemente bevorzugt mit dem vertikalen Trägerelementen verbunden werden, die an dem Vertikalträger anliegen oder befestigt sind;
• (d) Einfügen eines weiteren Querträgers in die kopfseitigen Überstande der im Schritt (c) angeordneten Wandelemente und Befestigung mit den benachbarten Vertikalträgern;
• (e) Optional die Wiederholung der Schritte (c) und (d).

In an additional aspect, the invention provides a method of constructing a wall system comprising the following steps:

• (a) Bottom attachment of at least two vertical beams;
• (B) connection of two adjacent vertical beams by a cross member;
• (C) arranging one or more of the wall elements according to the invention on the cross member, wherein the peripheral wall elements are preferably connected to the vertical support elements which are applied or fixed to the vertical support;
• (D) inserting a further cross member in the head-side projections of the wall elements arranged in step (c) and fastening with the adjacent vertical beams;
• (e) optionally repeating steps (c) and (d).

The wall elements according to the invention and the wall systems according to the invention which can be produced thereby can be used for all purposes known to the person skilled in the art in the field of flat components. So they can serve for the construction of very different components. Examples include: wall, ceiling, floor, sloping or flat roof, wall, pedestal, stairs and (curtain) facade. Various structures can be constructed based on the wall elements and wall systems. A non-exhaustive list of buildings includes carport, shed, garden shed, garden wall, noise barrier, kitchens, sanitary facilities, carport and shelter.

In a further aspect, the invention provides a kit for the construction of a building, which is preferably a wall (in particular garden wall) or a garden shed.

• (a) Erfindungsgemäße Wandelemente
• (b) Querträger;
• (c) Vertikalträger;
• (d) optional Winkel als Befestigungsmittel;
• (e) optional Materialien zur Befestigung der Vertikalträger im Erdboden.

In a preferred embodiment, the garden wall kit includes the following components:

• (a) Wall elements according to the invention
• (b) cross member;
• (c) vertical beam;
• (d) optional angle as a fastener;
• (e) optional materials for fixing the vertical beams in the ground.

Conveniently, the kit for the garden wall also contains a construction manual.

The present invention wall system with its wall elements is designed so simple that the structure is also possible for the layman. Significantly, the structure can be realized completely by (preferably reversible) connectors after vertical installation of the vertical support. It is not necessary to use special tools or complex craft activities (such as bricklaying).

• (a) Erfindungsgemäße Wandelemente;
• (b) Querträger;
• (c) Vertikalträger;
• (d) optional Winkel als Befestigungsmittel;
• (e) optional Materialien zur Befestigung der Vertikalträger im Erdboden;
• (f) optional Materialien zur Erstellung des Daches umfassend Platten und Dichtungsmittel.

In a further preferred embodiment, the kit for the garden house comprises the following components:

• (a) wall elements according to the invention;
• (b) cross member;
• (c) vertical beam;
• (d) optional angle as a fastener;
• (e) optional materials for fixing the vertical beams in the ground;
• (f) optional roofing materials including panels and sealants.

Conveniently, the kit for the summer house also contains a construction manual.

definitions

According to the invention, a wall is understood to mean a planar component, regardless of whether it is oriented vertically, horizontally or in another position. Significantly, therefore, the definition includes not only the wall as a vertical planar component, but also a ceiling or floor as a horizontal sheet-like components. About it will be too includes inclined components such as pitched roofs or mixed-surface components such as stairs from the definition.

Accordingly, a wall element for the construction of ceilings, floors, roofs, stairs, etc. to use and the wall system is synonymous as a ceiling system, roof system, etc. to understand. In the case of ceilings, floors or roofs, the corresponding vertical support should be considered vertical to the wall.

In the context of the invention, a "rear attachment" is defined as a fixture that attaches to the back of the plate and this does not completely penetrate. As a result, the front of the plate remains intact.

The term "prefabricated" in the context of the application refers to a production that is spatially separate from the site and takes place before the time of installation.

This relates in particular to a factory production, so that the prefabricated wall elements are transported to the corresponding installation site and installed there.

In the context of the present invention, "clay fiber" is defined as a composite material that includes stone powder as well as an organic or synthetic fiber content. These two basic components are bonded together by a filler, the film material preferably being a natural resin, a synthetic resin or a mixture thereof.

Brief description of the illustrations

These and other aspects of the invention are shown in detail in the figures as follows.

1 shows schematic sketches of a wall element according to the invention ( 1 ) with two square plates ( 2 ) and four aluminum square segments as spacers ( 3 ) in plan view, side view and in perspective (from left to right). When viewing the wall element, the foremost plate has been omitted to allow the spacers ( 3 ) to show. In (A) a wall element with the same projection on all sides is shown, in (B) an outer wall element.

2 shows a schematic representation of two superimposed wall elements ( 1 . 1' ), wherein the upper wall element in a plate, a lighting fixture ( 4 ) and the rear cable guide ( 5 ) is represented by a dashed double line. Shown are from right to left the wall elements in front view, rear view, side view and perspective view.

3 shows a schematic representation of two superimposed wall elements ( 1 . 1' ), wherein the upper wall element in the plates a box-shaped insert ( 6 ), which has a voice alarm system and a mailbox ( 7 ) contains. The cable guide ( 5 ) inside the wall elements is represented by a dashed double line. Shown are from right to left the wall elements in front view, rear view, side view and perspective view.

4 (A) shows a schematic representation of a wall system according to the invention in a frontal view with a support frame consisting of two vertical supports ( 8th ) and three cross beams ( 9 ) is formed and in the total 12 Wall elements ( 1 ) are inserted. When viewing the wall element, the foremost plate has been omitted to allow the spacers ( 3 ) to show. In (B) is a cross section of a designed as a hollow profile vertical support is shown, which has a stepped indentation ( 10 ) having.

5 (A) shows a schematic representation of the connection of the cross member ( 9 ) with the vertical support ( 8th ) over an angle ( 11 ) in cross-section (above), in top view (below) and in front view (right). In (B) the angle from left to right in side view, front and rear view and in perspective view is shown schematically.

6 shows a schematic representation of the connection of the cross member ( 9 ) with the vertical support ( 8th ) via an inserted into the cross beam wooden square ( 12 ), which has a hexagon screw ( 13 ) in a slot ( 14 ) is fixed and front another hex bolt ( 15 ) wearing. The front hexagon screw ( 15 ) reaches into a slot ( 16 ) of the vertical support. This connection is shown cross-sectionally in side view (top left), in top view (bottom left) and in front view (right).

7 shows a schematic representation of wall systems for building a garden shed. In (A) is a plan view of a wall with cross beams, vertical beams and wall elements reproduced, with two additionally inserted vertical beams together with two cross beams form a door frame. In (B) is a plan view of a wall system consisting of two long vertical beams, 5 cross members and a total of 20 wall elements shown, wherein the vertical support additionally laterally mounted square bars ( 17 ) exhibit. In the supervision of the wall element was the omitted front plate to the spacers ( 3 ) to show.

8th shows a schematic representation of a built with the wall system according to the invention garden house. In (A) a horizontal cross-section of the garden house is shown schematically with the four angular vertical supports ( 8th ) the additional square bars ( 17 ), and the wall systems with their plates ( 2 ) and spacers ( 3 ). In (B) is a vertical cross-section of the garden house is shown schematically with the eckständig vertical supports ( 8th ), the cross members, the wall elements with their spacers ( 3 ), the bottom plate ( 18 ), and the roof consisting of an OSB coarse chipboard, a pond liner, a vegetation mat, a lava substrate and a greening through a "Sedumteppich" from bottom to top.

Detailed description of the embodiments

1 (A) shows schematic sketches of a wall element according to a first embodiment. The wall element is made of two square plates ( 1 ) formed by four parallelepiped aluminum square segments ( 3 ) are connected as spacers. The square segments are attached by adhesive bonding to the plates. The spacers are positioned so that on three sides (left, top and bottom) results in an equal distance from the plate edge and on the fourth side result in a greater distance, which is dimensioned so that it covers the adjacent carrier. In (B), a wall member according to a second embodiment is shown. The wall element is made of two square plates ( 1 ) formed by four parallelepiped aluminum square segments ( 3 ) are connected as spacers. The square segments are attached by adhesive bonding to the plates. The spacers are positioned so that on all four sides an equal distance to the plate edge results.

2 shows the schematic representation of two wall elements with a built-in lighting fixture in the upper element. In this case, the upper wall element on a circular recess, in which the lighting fixture is inserted positively. The cable is led down through the interior of the wall elements.

3 shows the schematic representation of two wall elements with a built-in box in the upper element, which has a bell system and a mailbox. In this case, the upper wall element has a rectangular recess into which the box is inserted in a form-fitting manner. The depth of the box corresponds to the depth of the wall element, so that it is flush with the front surface of the wall element and thus protected against theft. The box has a letter flap, a bell and a speaker / microphone unit to the front. On the back is a lockable door for removal of the post attached.

4 (A) shows a schematic representation of a wall system according to the invention. The support frame is made of two vertical supports ( 8th ) formed by a total of three cross beams ( 9 ) In this framework are total 12 Wall elements ( 1 ). Significantly, the plate protrusion defined by the spacers corresponds to half the cross member width, so that the wall elements completely cover the cross member. The outer plates have on the side directed towards the vertical carriers on a larger projection, which is dimensioned so that the vertical support are completely covered. As a result, the panels completely cover the support frame, creating the appearance of a wall formed of solid panels. In (B) is a cross section of a designed as a hollow profile vertical support is shown, which has a stepped indentation ( 10 ) having. The step is in this case dimensioned so that it corresponds to the height of the plate projection and the thickness of the plate. Thus, a marginal wall element can be connected flush with the vertical support.

5 (A) shows a schematic representation of the connection of the cross member ( 9 ) with the vertical support ( 8th ) over an angle ( 11 ). The angle has on the front side of a bolt which engages in a T-shaped projection of the square vertical support and receives by pressing down a positive, reversible connection with the vertical support. The angle has on the top of a square bar, which engages in a correspondingly shaped recess of the cross member and thereby fixed. To reinforce the two legs of the angle are connected by a triangle segment.

6 shows a schematic representation of the connection of the cross member ( 9 ) with the vertical support ( 8th ) via an inserted into the cross beam wooden square ( 12 ), which has a hexagon screw ( 13 ) in a slot ( 14 ) is fixed and front another hex bolt ( 15 ) wearing. The front hexagon screw is screwed into the square wood so far that the protruding part acts together with the screw head as a bolt that allows a reversible connection with the vertical beam. For this purpose, the vertical support on a slot, which has a circular extension in the upper part, which is dimensioned so that the screw head can be pushed through. The cross member also has a slot into which a further marginally screwed hex screw fixes the cross member with the inserted wooden square.

7 shows a schematic representation of wall systems for building a garden shed. In (A) is a plan view of a wall with cross beams, vertical beams and wall elements reproduced, with two additionally inserted vertical beams together with two cross beams form a door frame. The angular vertical supports additionally have square bars which fill the space between the spacers and the vertical supports. The vertical beams are extended downwards so far that they allow a secure ground-side attachment of the garden shed. The segment above the door frame is filled by two rectangular wall elements. The wall of the garden house shown in (B) corresponds to the wall shown in (A), but without here a door frame is embedded.

8th shows a schematic representation of a built with the wall system according to the invention garden house. As the horizontal cross section in (A) shows, the garden house has a square plan. The symmetrical structure, in which only the door frame breaks the modular construction scheme, allows a structure with a minimum number of different elements, resulting in a cost-effective and simple creation of the garden shed.

Other variants of the invention and their execution will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing disclosure, the drawings and the claims.

Terms used in the claims, such as "comprising," "comprising," "including," "containing," and the like, do not exclude other elements or steps. The use of the indefinite article does not exclude a majority. A single device can perform the functions of several units or devices mentioned in the claims. Reference signs indicated in the claims should not be regarded as limitations on the means and steps employed.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 wall element

2

 plates

3

 spacer

4

 lighting

5

 cable management

6

 box-shaped insert

7

 mailbox

8th

 vertical support

9

 crossbeam

10

 stepped indentation

11

 angle

12

 square

13

 Hexagon screw z. crossbeam

14

 Long hole in the cross member

15

 front hexagon screw

16

 Slot in the vertical carrier

17

 Applied square bars

18

 baseplate

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1918473 A2 [0003]

Claims (22)

Wall element, comprising two plates substantially parallel to each other, which are connected to each other by at least one spacer so that a marginal projection of the plates results. Wall element according to claim 1, wherein the marginal projection is present on all sides and preferably equal in size. Wall element according to claim 1 of 2, wherein the two plates have the identical shape and / or are aligned across the surface. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plates have a square, preferably rectangular or square plan. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plates are made of a material selected from the group consisting of fiber concrete, concrete, natural stone, ceramic, plastic, metal, wood and wood material. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one spacer has a polygonal, rectangular, square, cross-shaped, oval or circular cross-section. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one spacer made of metal, preferably aluminum, stainless steel or steel, made of wood or a wood composite material. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one spacer is a support portion, a cross, an angle or a frame made of an H-beam, U-beam or hollow beam. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plates are fixed to the spacer via a bolt, screw, dowel or adhesive connection. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rectangular and preferably square plate has four angularly aligned spacers. Wall system comprising a support frame and at least one wall element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support frame consists of at least one vertical support and at least one cross member; wherein in the wall element, the distance of the plates at least the depth of the vertical support and / or cross member corresponds; and the resulting by the at least one spacer marginal projection is designed so that the wall element with the at least one vertical support and / or at least one horizontal support can be releasably connected. A wall system according to claim 11, wherein the at least wall element is prefabricated. A wall system according to claim 11 or 12, wherein each wall element is connected to at least two beams. Wall system according to one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the at least one vertical support is aligned perpendicular to the at least one cross member. Wall system according to one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the edge-side projection of adjacent plates corresponds substantially to the width of the carrier connecting them. Wall system according to one of claims 11 to 15, wherein the at least one vertical support and / or the at least one cross member has a rectangular and preferably square cross-section. Wall system according to one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the at least one vertical support and / or the at least one cross member made of metal, preferably aluminum, stainless steel or steel or wood. A method for producing a wall element, wherein the positioning of the two plates and / or the at least one spacer is ensured by a template. A method of manufacturing a wall panel according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a first plate, (b) positioning a template on the first panel, the template being configured to permit positioning of the at least one spacer on the panel; (c) attaching the at least one spacer to the first plate after positioning by the template; (d) removing the template; (E) attaching the second plate to the at least one spacer. A method of constructing a wall system comprising the steps of: (a) Bottom attachment of at least two vertical beams; (B) connection of two adjacent vertical beams by a cross member; (C) arranging one or more of the prefabricated wall elements according to claim 1 to 10 on the cross member, wherein the peripheral wall elements are preferably connected to the vertical support; (D) inserting a further cross member in the head-side projections of the wall elements arranged in step (c) and fastening with the adjacent vertical beams; (e) optionally repeating steps (c) and (d). Use of a wall element according to one of claims 1 to 10 or a wall system according to one of claims 11 to 17 for the erection of a component selected from the group consisting of wall, ceiling, floor, sloping or flat roof, wall, pedestal, staircase and (curtain wall). )Facade; or for the construction of a structure selected from the group comprising house, carport, shed, garden shed, garden wall, carport and shelter (other components or structures considered?). Kit for a garden house comprising: (a) wall elements according to one of claims 1 to 10; (b) cross member (c) vertical beam (d) optional angle as a fastener (e) optional roofing materials including panels and sealants

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