EP3372742B1 - Building structure with fire protection function for external walls and method for producing such a building structure - Google Patents

Description

The invention is directed to a building structure with a fire protection function for external walls provided or to be provided with external insulation, as well as to a method for producing such a building structure.

A building construction with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is from the laid-open specification US 2015/240483 A1 known.

In the following the abbreviation LKS stands for lightweight concrete construction system.

Today's facade insulation often uses panels made of expanded polystyrene (EPS), which are known under the name "Styrofoam". Such facades insulated or to be insulated with EPS have considerable disadvantages. Among other things, such EPS panels as thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) are prone to algae and mold growth, woodpecker damage, fires and other environmental damage.

The insulation with the polystyrene EPS-ETICS is problematic. Due to the inadequate heat storage capacity, such insulation becomes very hot during the day and cools down significantly at night. The humidity that has diffused into the insulation material then condenses or dew on its surface coating, which soon corrodes thanks to extreme thermal expansion. This leads to the formation of mold and algae. That is why the EPS ETICS coating is systematically treated with pesticides. After a while, the toxins are washed out and end up in the sewage and groundwater.

Due to the fact that EPS is a product made from crude oil and, despite the flame retardant, belongs to building material class B1 or B2 - i.e. difficult to normally flammable - fire protection when using EPS as external wall insulation requires main and additional fire bars, fall protection, etc. to prevent fires from spreading quickly to other floors via the facade insulation. However, this does not always succeed, as numerous fires show, where the external wall insulation contributed significantly to the development and / or spread of a fire.

The use of EPS ETICS has shown that in the event of a fire, very large fire damage (verified by fire departments in various cities and experts) in less than 10 Minutes occur, so that in these cases not even the specified fire resistance "Fire protection class B1 (hardly inflammable)" is met.

Because in the event of a fire, facades insulated with EPS cannot even offer resistance to the fire for 10 minutes. In the event of a fire, however, an external facade should have a fire resistance of at least 45 minutes in order to give the rescue workers enough time to get the fire under control before it spreads over the facade to the whole house.

The disadvantages of the described prior art result in the problem initiating the invention of developing a generic building structure for insulated and / or to be insulated exterior walls in such a way that a limit is set for the development and / or spread of fires on facades, so that houses are inexpensive and Can be insulated sustainably and are still fire-proof.

This problem is solved by a building construction with the features of claim 1.

Due to the construction according to the invention, the facade in question is covered or veiled outside of the thermal insulation with prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete. In this way, the access of atmospheric oxygen to the thermal insulation is reduced or completely interrupted. This means that the insulation material cannot catch fire, but would, if necessary, melt when exposed to extreme heat. The lightweight concrete slabs themselves are not flammable. On the other hand, the support of the lightweight concrete slabs on profiles or rails on the supporting substrate protects the thermal insulation itself from excessive pressure, so that their pores retain their insulating effect. This also means that the outer shell remains level and does not have to be leveled before plastering and / or painting.

A spacer preferably has an elongated shape in order to be able to support the edges of prefabricated panels.

It is recommended that only one spacer is laid along one edge of a prefabricated lightweight concrete slab so that the lightweight concrete slab has a completely flat support surface, especially without kinks, so that a breakage of the lightweight concrete slab is not to be feared. This can be implemented particularly easily if a commercially available spacer element has a length which corresponds approximately to the extension of an edge of a lightweight concrete slab or is longer than that edge, in particular approximately corresponds to a multiple of that edge length. If necessary, several prefabricated panels can be laid along a common spacer in such a case.

Particular advantages result from the fact that a spacer is designed in the form of a profile, at least in some areas. It thus has a constant cross-section, at least in some areas, in the course of an edge of a prefabricated panel laid on it and thus offers a large, flat contact surface.

The arrangement can advantageously be made such that a spacer has a profile-shaped continuous part with a constant cross-section along a longitudinal axis and elements attached or molded to it, which are preferably in a common alignment parallel to the longitudinal axis of the continuous part. The profile-shaped part provides a kind of backbone, so to speak, along which several molded elements can be lined up.

It has proven to be beneficial that a spacer has an L- or T-shaped cross section. On the one hand, it can thus be attached to the load-bearing structure and, on the other hand, it is raised in relation to that and can thereby keep the lightweight concrete slab in question at a distance from the load-bearing structure.

Since at least one spacer has at least one assembly leg for flat contact with the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing building fabric of the outer wall, the latter can be aligned and fixed in the aligned state through a two-dimensional contact between the outer surface of the building fabric and a spacer.

The invention further provides that at least one spacer has at least one support leg with a free end face to rest against the back of a prefabricated plate made of lightweight concrete. Such a contact offers the relevant lightweight concrete slab a secure support so that it can also absorb external mechanical influences such as pressure or impacts without being damaged.

It is within the scope of the invention that the mounting leg and the support leg enclose a right angle with one another in the cross section of a spacer. If the support leg extends perpendicular to the mounting leg, it will protrude perpendicularly away from the outer surface of the building substance in the installed state of the spacer and then offers with its free longitudinal front side a support option for a prefabricated slab made of lightweight concrete.

If the free end face of the support leg is parallel to the contact surface of the mounting leg, with optimal alignment of the mounting leg on the surface of the load-bearing structure of a building, a slab of lightweight concrete fastened in front of it provides a two-dimensional contact surface, so that the slab is not overloaded as a result of local pressure peaks .

The mounting leg can have one or preferably more bores for inserting fastening screws through, with which the spacer can be fixed to the building substance, in particular by means of dowels.

The invention recommends that the support leg has one or preferably more recesses, in particular in the form of through openings. If spacers are attached to a wall surface in a grid, they can, in extreme cases, separate adjacent fields of the outer wall from one another. However, it is precisely these recesses that create a connection between such wall sections or panels, so that, for example, an exchange of air is possible.

The invention offers the possibility that on at least one end face of at least one spacer, if necessary, one profile leg protrudes over the other, in particular the support leg protrudes relative to the mounting leg. As a result, in areas where two or more spacers meet at an angle, the support legs can be completely joined together without the mounting legs of the spacers in question coming into conflict.

For the attachment of a spacer to the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure of the outer wall, the invention recommends the use of one or more screws, which preferably reach through the mounting leg and are anchored in the masonry by means of dowels.

Further advantages result from the fact that wood chips or other wood particles are added to at least one prefabricated panel made of lightweight concrete during its manufacture. Wood chips are light and have good thermal insulation properties. A lightweight concrete slab equipped in this way is less brittle. In addition, the fibers of the wood can act as reinforcement. Finally, they lend to such a lightweight concrete slab unevenness on the outside, to which plaster adheres more easily than to a smooth concrete slab. The spacers are also made of lightweight concrete, possibly with added wood chips.

Particular advantages can be achieved in that a prefabricated slab made of lightweight concrete and / or a spacer made of lightweight concrete has a wood / cement value (kg / kg) of 1: 2 or more, for example 1: 1 or more, preferably 1 , 2: 1 or more, in particular 1.4: 1 or more. Only above these lower limit values do the positive properties of the wood particles clearly come into play. However, care should be taken to ensure that the dry density of the lightweight concrete does not exceed an upper limit of 1200 kg / m3.

On the other hand, a prefabricated slab made of lightweight concrete and / or a spacer made of lightweight concrete should have a wood / cement value (kg / kg) of 4: 1 or less, preferably 3.5: 1 or less, in particular 3: 1 or less . By not exceeding such an upper limit value, the cement content can also optimally develop its stabilizing properties.

A lightweight concrete slab and / or a spacer made of lightweight concrete of the building construction according to the invention can have an aggregate content of 4% by weight or less.

The proportion of wood in the finished product can be up to 90% by volume.

Another construction regulation states that at least one prefabricated slab made of lightweight concrete and / or at least one spacer made of lightweight concrete has a dry bulk density of 500 kg / m3 or more, for example a dry bulk density of 600 kg / m3 or more, preferably a dry bulk density of 700 kg / m3 or more, in particular a dry bulk density of 800 kg / m3 or more. Such a plate is sufficiently massive not to be caused to vibrate by external influences such as wind or storm, etc.

On the other hand, a prefabricated slab made of lightweight concrete and / or a spacer made of lightweight concrete should have a dry bulk density of 1200 kg / m3 or less, for example a dry bulk density of 1100 kg / m3 or less, preferably a dry bulk density of 1000 kg / m3 or less, especially a dry bulk density of 900 kg / m3 or less. If the specific weight of such a lightweight concrete slab becomes too high, its fastening is subjected to excessive stresses.

It has been proven that at least one prefabricated plate made of lightweight concrete has a thickness of 15 mm or more, preferably a thickness of 20 mm or more, in particular a thickness of 25 mm or more. This gives such a plate sufficient mechanical stability so that it does not threaten to break in the event of internal tensile stresses as a result of a spatial offset between supporting spacers and pressing fastening screws.

A preferred limitation of the thickness of a lightweight concrete slab, for example to a thickness of 45 mm or less, preferably to a thickness of 40 mm or less, in particular to a thickness of 35 mm or less, also limits its weight or surface weight and thus the construction required for anchoring is relieved. If this is necessary for other reasons, however, lightweight concrete panels with a greater thickness can also be used, for example with a thickness of up to 60 mm, or with a thickness of up to 80 mm, or even with an even greater thickness.

At least one spacer can be fastened by means of one or more screws on the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure of the insulated or surface to be insulated. In this case, such screws can preferably be anchored to the existing and / or load-bearing structure in dowels inserted there.

The invention offers the possibility that at least one prefabricated slab made of lightweight concrete can be fastened with one or more dowels on the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure of the outer wall, preferably with one or more knock-in anchors, in particular with one or more ETICS knock-in anchors. These dowels can be arranged laterally offset with respect to the spacers, for example towards the center of a plate, while the spacers themselves can run along the peripheral edges of a lightweight concrete plate.

As a result of the building construction according to the invention, plate-shaped insulating material can be attached to the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure of the outer wall, preferably glued and / or screwed, in particular in the area between the spacers.

Retrofitting already insulated facades, on the other hand, only requires providing narrow grooves in the insulating material for the spacers that extend as far as the supporting building structure.

In the event that blow-in or bulk insulation is desired, powdery or pourable insulation material can be poured in behind at least one prefabricated panel made of lightweight concrete, preferably blown in. This manufacturing variant is particularly suitable for new buildings and the like, or when insulation is installed for the first time.

Furthermore, it is also possible to fill the cavity behind at least one prefabricated plate with in-situ foam and thereby insulate it.

A prefabricated slab made of lightweight concrete can be plastered and / or painted on its outside or visible side.

A method according to the invention for producing such a building structure is specified in claim 5.

Provision is made for spacers to be attached to the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure, and then prefabricated lightweight concrete panels to be supported on the spacers and fixed at a distance from the structure, so that in the space between the lightweight concrete panels and there is space for the load-bearing structure of the building.

In the space between the load-bearing structure and the prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete, the thermal insulation is on the one hand mechanically protected; on the other hand, light and atmospheric oxygen and even moisture are kept out, so that algae or mold formation can be prevented, and in the event of a fire, the thermal insulation will ignite. In addition, the construction leads to better sound insulation.

As part of a method for producing a building structure with a fire protection function on an outer wall, the spacers are screwed flat on the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing building fabric in one work step, in particular in such a way that a mounting leg of a spacer is flat on the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure Building fabric is present. On the one hand, this fixes the relevant spacer itself and, on the other hand, enables it to take over the weight of a lightweight concrete slab attached to it in a frictional manner and to introduce it into the masonry or into the load-bearing structure.

In a subsequent work step, the prefabricated lightweight concrete panels are placed on the spacers, in particular in such a way that their backs lie flat against the contact surfaces of the support elements or on the free end faces or support legs of the preferably spacers. If the outer surface of the load-bearing structure is sufficiently flat, a highly flat alignment of the lightweight concrete panels mounted on it is ensured at the same time, meaning that time-consuming leveling is unnecessary.

In a next work step, the prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete can be attached to the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure, preferably dowelled, in particular dowelled with hammer-in dowels. Since, as a result of a full-surface, frictional contact in the area of the spacers, the weight forces are removed from the lightweight concrete slabs via the spacers to the load-bearing structure, and the dowels are therefore largely freed from these weight forces a large disk made of plastic or the like, placed between the dowel head and the outside of the plate, as a kind of buffering.

A first possibility for attaching the prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete to the outer wall of an existing and / or load-bearing building structure is that a base is attached, in particular screwed, to the lower side of an outer wall of a building substance already insulated with EPS ETICS the prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete are attached to the insulated building fabric, in particular glued and / or dowelled.

As part of a second method of applying the insulation in the event that the building substance is to be insulated with EPS-ETICS, for example, the base and the spacers are screwed and / or dowelled to the building substance. The insulation boards, for example made of EPS-ETICS, can then be attached to the building fabric, preferably glued on. The prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete are then fixed to the spacers and / or to the building fabric, in particular screwed or dowelled. The outside can then be plastered and / or painted in accordance with the state of the art.

This process offers the advantage of new insulation with EPS that the flame retardant is prevented from being washed out. In addition, the process offers the possibility that EPS-ETICS can be used without flame retardants, as the Lightweight concrete already takes on this task without an additional flame retardant finish with a flame retardant.

As part of a third method of applying the insulation, after the prefabricated lightweight concrete panels have been placed on the spacers and / or after the prefabricated lightweight concrete panels have been dowelled onto the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure of the outer wall, particulate or pourable insulation material or a In-situ foam insulation is filled into the space between at least one prefabricated panel made of lightweight concrete and the existing and / or load-bearing structure, preferably blown in or poured in, or introduced as in-situ foam insulation, in particular through at least one opening in the area of the substructure made of spacers. This method offers advantages for the new insulation of a facade, especially with regard to the workload associated with it.

Any visible joints or gaps on the front end in the area of the substructure between the prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete and the existing and / or load-bearing structure of the outer wall can be closed by one or more panels. This is not just an aesthetic measure; this can also keep pests away from the isolation.

Further advantages result from the fact that the prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete are filled at their butt joints, for example with a mineral-based joint compound or with a silicone-containing filler compound or the like. This can in particular prevent moisture from penetrating the area of the thermal insulation layer.

Furthermore, it corresponds to the teaching of the invention that the prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete are plastered and / or painted on their outer or visible side, so that in the finished state there is no indication of the integrated thermal insulation.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Baukonstruktion versehenen Außenwand;

Fig. 2

einen Fußsockel für eine gedämmte Fassade;

Fig. 3

eine Blende zum Abschluss einer Unterkonstruktion für eine gedämmte Fassade;

Fig. 4

einen Fußsockel für eine nicht gedämmte Fassade;

Fig. 5

einen Abstandhalter mit T-förmigem Querschnitt für waagerechten Einbau an einer Außenwand, insbesondere für eine mit EPS-WDVS zu dämmende Fassade;

Fig. 6

einen Abstandhalter mit T-förmigem Querschnitt für senkrechten Einbau an einer Au-βenwand, insbesondere für eine mit EPS-WDVS zu dämmende Fassade;

Fig. 7

einen Abstandhalter mit T-förmigem Querschnitt für waagerechten Einbau, insbesondere für eine Einblas-, Schütt- oder Ortschaumdämmung, mit innenliegenden Aussparungen an einer Außenwand;

Fig. 8

einen Abstandhalter mit T-förmigem Querschnitt für senkrechten Einbau, insbesondere für eine Einblas-, Schütt- oder Ortschaumdämmung, mit innenliegenden Aussparungen an einer Außenwand;

Fig. 9

einen Abstandhalter mit T-förmigem Querschnitt für waagerechten Einbau, insbesondere für eine Einblas-, Schütt- oder Ortschaumdämmung, mit außenliegenden Aussparungen an einer Außenwand;

Fig.

10einen Abstandhalter mit T-förmigem Querschnitt für senkrechten Einbau, insbesondere für eine Einblas-, Schütt- oder Ortschaumdämmung, mit außenliegenden Aussparungen an einer Außenwand;

Fig. 11

einen Abstandhalter mit T-förmigem Querschnitt zum waagerechten Einbau an einer Außenwand mit stärkerer Brüstung;

Fig. 12

einen Abstandhalter mit T-förmigem Querschnitt und mit kreisförmigen Aussparungen, zur Verwendung bei diversen Bauten als Schalung, bspw. im Kanal- Dammoder Brückenbau; sowie

Fig. 13

einen universell einsetzbaren Abstandhalter mit bereichsweise T-förmigem Querschnitt, bspw. zur Verwendung bei einer Einblas-, Schütt- oder Ortschaumdämmung.

Further features, details, advantages and effects based on the invention emerge from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention and with reference to the drawing. Here shows:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of an outer wall provided with a building structure according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a base for an insulated facade;

Fig. 3

a cover to close a substructure for an insulated facade;

Fig. 4

a base for a non-insulated facade;

Fig. 5

a spacer with a T-shaped cross-section for horizontal installation on an outer wall, in particular for a facade to be insulated with EPS ETICS;

Fig. 6

a spacer with a T-shaped cross-section for vertical installation on an outer wall, in particular for a facade to be insulated with EPS ETICS;

Fig. 7

a spacer with a T-shaped cross-section for horizontal installation, in particular for blow-in, bulk or in-situ foam insulation, with internal recesses on an outer wall;

Fig. 8

a spacer with a T-shaped cross-section for vertical installation, in particular for blow-in, bulk or in-situ foam insulation, with internal recesses on an outer wall;

Fig. 9

a spacer with a T-shaped cross-section for horizontal installation, in particular for blow-in, bulk or in-situ foam insulation, with external recesses on an outer wall;

Fig.

10 a spacer with a T-shaped cross-section for vertical installation, in particular for blow-in, bulk or in-situ foam insulation, with external recesses on an outer wall;

Fig. 11

a spacer with a T-shaped cross-section for horizontal installation on an outer wall with a thick parapet;

Fig. 12

a spacer with a T-shaped cross-section and with circular recesses, for use in various structures as formwork, for example in canal, dam or bridge construction; such as

Fig. 13

a universally applicable spacer with a T-shaped cross-section in some areas, e.g. for use in blow-in, bulk or in-situ foam insulation.

An LKS is intended to prevent fire damage, in particular by creating a protective cover around a thermally insulated facade.

Because houses have to be insulated; In contrast to the actual, normally incombustible, inorganic building substance, insulation mostly consists of organic substances and therefore tends to burn down more quickly.

For example, while EPS without the LKS causes high fire damage after 10 minutes in the event of a fire, EPS under or behind a LKS surface element can withstand a fire for 45 to 180 minutes.

The construction elements used for this are shown in the drawing. One recognizes in the Figures 2 to 13 various lightweight concrete construction system elements:
Parts 1 and 3 are pedestals for wall cladding, part 2 is a panel. Parts 4 to 10 and 22 are spacers which can be attached to an existing or load-bearing structure and can support a lightweight concrete slab.

The assembly of a building structure 17 according to the invention shows Fig. 1 :
In the background, as an example of a load-bearing building substance 16, one recognizes a wall which is to be provided with thermal insulation in a fire-proof manner.

Spacers 4, 6, 8, 10, 22 are mounted horizontally on this as required and further spacers 5, 7, 9, 10, 22 are mounted vertically as required, in particular screwed to the load-bearing structure 16.

The basic shape of these spacers 4 to 10 and 22 can best be seen in the spacer 4. You can see an elongated profile with a constant cross-section. The cross section has a T-shape.

The transverse bar of this "T" is formed by a mounting leg 18, which preferably has a rectangular cross-section.

Along the center line of this leg, as in the case of the "T" crossbeam, a support leg 19 is attached in a plane perpendicular to that leg, which likewise preferably has a rectangular cross-section.

According to the invention, such a spacer 4 to 10 and / or 22 consists of lightweight concrete, preferably of lightweight wood concrete, in particular of the same material as the lightweight concrete slabs 12.

The mounting leg 18 can be provided with fastening bores on both sides of the support leg 19, through which fastening screws 15 can be inserted and screwed into the supporting structure.

This basic construction is common to all in the Figures 5 to 11 and 13 reproduced spacers 4 to 10 and 22 realized identically.

The spacer 6 differs from the spacer 4 in that the support leg 19 has a series of circular recesses 20 or through bores so that the areas adjacent to the spacer 6 on both sides of the support leg 19 can communicate with one another.

Something similar is achieved with the spacer 8 in that approximately notch-shaped recesses 21 are formed in the area of the free longitudinal end face of the support leg 19, which, for example, follow a section from a circular line. These recesses 21 also serve to create a passage between laterally adjacent areas of the support leg 19.

The spacer 5 differs from the spacer 4, however, in that one leg, in particular the mounting leg 18, has a recess or groove in the area of the end faces of the spacer 5 next to the other leg, in particular next to the support leg 19.

In other words, one leg, in particular the support leg 19, is unchanged in the area of the end faces, while the other leg, in particular the mounting leg 18, is shortened in comparison.

One recognizes in Fig. 6 accordingly lateral recesses 11 of the mounting leg 18 opposite the support leg 19. These recesses 11 are dimensioned such that a spacer 4 and a spacer 5 can be joined to one another at right angles to one another in such a way that the end faces of the two support legs 19 can abut one another.

The recesses 11 can have a right-angled base area, but also a triangular base area. In the latter case, two such spacers 5 of the same type could be put together on a miter as in the case of a picture frame.

The spacer 7 differs from the spacer 6 only in the same recesses 11 that the spacer 4 also has; however, the profile is identical, including the recesses 20.

The spacer 9 also has such recesses 11 and thereby differs from the spacer 8, with an otherwise identical profile as the spacer 8, including the recesses 21.

When using plate-shaped insulating bodies, the spacers 4 and 5 can be used, unless a passage through the support leg 19 is required for other reasons.

If, on the other hand, the insulation is to be introduced subsequently by blowing in, pouring or foaming, spacers 6 to 9 with perforated support legs 19 should be used, because then the entire cavity behind the lightweight concrete panels mounted with these spacers 6 to 9 is nowhere interrupted and thus the insulation flakes or -particles or an insulation foam can get anywhere.

In the Fig. 1 the latter case is shown, ie the insulation is carried out by blowing in, pouring or foaming. Therefore, the spacers 6 and 7 are used, which are provided with through recesses 20; With a different insulation, spacers 1, 2, 3 can be used in conjunction with lightweight concrete panels 12. If EPS is to be used further, elements 3, 4, 5, 10 and / or 12 are used.

Then the lightweight concrete slabs 12 are mounted. For this purpose, the lengths of the spacers used have 4 to 9 lengths which correspond to the length of a lightweight concrete slab 12 or an integral multiple thereof. The spacers 4 to 9 used form a grid on the load-bearing structure 16 with fields which each correspond to the size of a lightweight concrete slab 12, in such a way that the peripheral edges of a Lightweight concrete slab 12 lie straight in the middle on the free longitudinal end faces of the support legs 19 and collide on those, preferably butt together.

On the other hand, the horizontal spacers do not have to be used in every case, but only if they appear necessary. If the horizontal spacers appear to be unnecessary, horizontal spacers can also be used as vertical spacers.

Thus, each lightweight concrete slab 12 is lifted off the supporting structure 16 in this way by two to four spacers 4 to 9.

Then the relevant lightweight concrete slab 12 is anchored to the load-bearing structure, in particular by means of dowels 14. These dowels 14 can be distributed over the entire lightweight concrete slab 12.

The invention recommends using about five such dowels 14 per lightweight concrete slab 12, for example four of them near each corner of the lightweight concrete slab 12 and one approximately in the middle thereof.

At the edges where the substructure ends, L-shaped spacers 1, 3 can be used instead of T-shaped spacers 4 to 9, as in FIG Fig. 1 can be seen in the area of the lower edge of the load-bearing structure 16.

After completion of such a building structure 17 along an entire wall 16, a flaky insulating material can be blown in, or particulate insulating material is filled in, or an insulating foam is added until the entire cavity behind the lightweight concrete slabs 12 is filled with the insulating material.

By using spacers 4 to 9 in the area of the floor, the floor insulation for the floor heating can also be implemented effectively and quickly, optionally by laying insulation boards (preferably using spacers 4, 5) and / or filling with blown or loose insulation material or in-situ foam (preferably using spacers 6 to 9).

The spacer 10 according to Fig. 11 is particularly massive; in particular, a cross-sectional widening can also be provided in the area of the free longitudinal end face of the support leg 19. As a result, a lightweight concrete slab 12 with a integrated EPS insulation and such a spacer 10 are connected and then transported as a stable wall element to the place of use and erected there as formwork.

There are also further spacers 13 for various buildings, including in canal, dam and bridge construction, and / or as formwork construction; This spacer 13 can differ from the spacer 10 by, for example, circular or notch-shaped recesses 20, 21. This spacer element also makes it possible to avoid dismantling the formwork from the LKS after concreting. This LKS thus becomes part of the structure and no longer has to be dismantled.

The in Fig. 13 The spacer 22 shown, only the mounting leg 18 is continuous in the longitudinal direction, while the support leg 19 has several interruptions in its longitudinal direction and is therefore broken up into individual support elements 23. With the in Fig. 13 Embodiment 22 shown has a cuboid or cube-shaped shape.

The in Fig. 12 The spacer 13 shown can be used to create a formwork for use in various structures, for example in the construction of canals, dams or bridges. In this way, formwork made of LKS can be prepared in whole or in parts in a factory or on the construction site, which can then be erected with support frames, equipped with reinforcement, filled with concrete and completed. A building project is completed more quickly, with the formwork with a lightweight concrete slab of the LKS becoming part of the structure and no longer having to be dismantled.

• 1. Verschraubung der Abstandhalter (bspw. Abstandhalter 3, 4, 5)
• 2. Verklebung
• 3. Wärmedämmung
• 4. Befestigung der Leichtbetonplatten 12
• 5. Schlussbeschichtung und Anstrich

The production of a building structure with the lightweight concrete construction system is divided into the following steps:

• 1. Screw connection of the spacers (e.g. spacers 3, 4, 5)
• 2. Bonding
• 3. Thermal insulation
• 4. Attachment of the lightweight concrete slabs 12
• 5. Top coat and painting

• 1. Verklebung
• 2. Wärmedämmung
• 3. Armierungsmasse
• 4. Armierungsgewebe
• 5. Zwischenbeschichtung
• 6. Befestigung
• 7. Schlussbeschichtung und Anstrich

In comparison, conventional insulation, e.g. with polystyrene EPS ETICS, requires the following steps:

• 1. Bonding
• 2. Thermal insulation
• 3. Reinforcement compound
• 4. Reinforcement mesh
• 5. Intermediate coat
• 6. Attachment
• 7. Top coat and painting

The entire installation process is thus completed more quickly within the scope of the present invention. With the help of the lightweight concrete construction system on the facade for blow-in, bulk and in-situ foam insulation, it is possible to fill the cavity behind the lightweight concrete slabs with blow-in or bulk insulation (cellulose, glass and rock wool) or with in-situ foam, as required is filled.

• Insbesondere bei Fassaden, die vor 2015 gedämmt worden sind, ist das EPS oftmals mit HBCD (Hexabromcyclododecan) behandelt worden. HBCD hat einige hoch problematische Eigenschaften: Es ist giftig, vor allem für Krebstiere und Algen in Gewässern. Es kann aber auch Menschen schädigen - zum Beispiel das Kind im Mutterleib oder Säuglinge über die Muttermilch, was Tierversuche vermuten lassen. Zudem ist HBCD sehr langlebig und kann in der Umwelt schlecht abgebaut werden. Werden solche Dämmplatten mit dem LKS abgedeckt, wird auch das schädliche HBCD an einem Entweichen in die Umwelt abgehalten.

The building structure 17 according to the invention offers the following possibilities:

• Especially in the case of facades that were insulated before 2015, the EPS has often been treated with HBCD (hexabromocyclododecane). HBCD has some highly problematic properties: It is poisonous, especially to crustaceans and algae in water. But it can also harm people - for example, the unborn child or infants through breast milk, which animal experiments suggest. In addition, HBCD is very long-lived and is difficult to break down in the environment. If such insulation boards are covered with the LKS, the harmful HBCD is also prevented from escaping into the environment.

If the LKS is used in the future, the use of these and other, possibly polymeric (flame) retardants (pFR) in the EPS may be completely dispensed with.

Furthermore, as a cavity construction option, the LKS offers all environmentally conscious builders and investors the prerequisite for installing insulation in a cheaper, faster, environmentally friendly and sustainable way, e.g. in the form of poured, blown or in-situ foam insulation.

If politically wanted at some point, the use of EPS can even be partially or completely dispensed with and insulation can also be included within the framework of the LKS Renewable raw materials are made, for example in the form of cellulose insulation, in particular with cellulose flakes from waste paper or meadow grass, and / or with wood fibers, grass fibers, hemp, spelled tips, cork, especially a cork filler, or with glass wool or rock wool granules, cattails, expanded perlites, natural pumice Etc.

Historic Art Nouveau facades can be reproduced with LKS and insulated if necessary. For this purpose, lightweight concrete panels with a certain structure on their outside can be used, or a plasterer can attach certain facade design elements to their outside.

Furthermore, algae, moss and mold growth as well as woodpecker damage are prevented and at the same time "breathable" walls are created thanks to their high vapor diffusivity. Further advantages are the optimal thermal insulation and improved sound insulation.

The surface of the insulating material is arranged in such a way that the supply of outside air to the surface of the insulating material that is facing away is reduced. This ensures a higher fire resistance of the property in the event of a fire.

In the field of canal, dam and bridge construction, projects can be implemented more cost-effectively, faster and thus more economically by using the LKS as formwork, since the formwork with a lightweight concrete slab of the LKS becomes part of the building and no longer has to be removed.

With the LKS, the effort is significantly reduced compared to the structure of the polystyrene EPS ETICS.

List of reference symbols

1.

Base

2.

cover

3.

Base

4th

Spacers

5.

Spacers

6th

Spacers

7th

Spacers

8th.

Spacers

9.

Spacers

10.

Spacers

11th

lateral recess

12th

prefabricated plate

13th

Spacers as formwork

14th

Dowels

15th

Fastening screw

16.

load-bearing structure

17th

construction

18th

Mounting leg

19th

Support leg

20th

circular recess

21.

notch-shaped recess

22nd

Spacers

23

Support element

Claims (13)

1. Building construction (17) with a fire protection function for areas that are provided or to be provided with insulation, in particular exterior walls, with spacers (1-10, 22) being placed and attached to the outside of the load-bearing structure (16) in the insulated area or the area to be insulated, and prefabricated panels (12) made of lightweight concrete are supported thereon and are attached to the load-bearing structure (16), and in the area between the spacers (1-10,22), the prefabricated panels (12) made of lightweight concrete and the load-bearing structure (16) a cavity remains in which a heat-insulating insulation is arranged, characterized in that at least one spacer (1-10,22) consists of lightweight concrete and has a support leg (19) with a free front face to rest on the back of a prefabricated panel (12) made of lightweight concrete.
2. Building structure (17) according to claim 1, characterized in that a spacer (1-10,22) has an elongated shape, whereby the longitudinal extent of a spacer (1-10,22) is equivalent to preferably at least approximately the length of a straight peripheral edge of a prefabricated panel (12) made of lightweight concrete or a multiple thereof.
3. Building structure (17) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a spacer (1-10,22) is designed at least in certain areas, whereby a spacer (1-10, 22) preferably having a continuous part with a constant cross-section along a longitudinal axis and elements attached or molded thereon, which are preferably placed in a common alignment parallel to the longitudinal axis of the continuous part.
4. Building structure (17) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a spacer (1-10,22) has an L or T-shaped cross-section, preferably with at least one assembly leg (18) for flat contact with the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure (16) of the surface to be insulated, in particular whereby in the cross-section of a spacer (1-10,22) the assembly (18) and the support leg (19) enclose a right angle with one another.
5. Method for producing a building structure (17) according to one of claims 1 to 4, spacers (1,3-10,22) being placed and fastened on the outside of the load-bearing structure (16) in the area of the insulated or to be insulated surface, and that prefabricated panels (12) made of lightweight concrete are supported on the outside of the load-bearing structure (16) by means of spacers (1,3-10,22) and are fixed at a distance from the load-bearing structure (16), so that in the area between the spacers (1-10,22), the panels (12) made of lightweight concrete and the load-bearing structure (16) a cavity is created to accommodate a heat-insulating insulation, whereby the prefabricated panels (12) made of lightweight concrete placed on the contact surfaces of the support legs (19) and supported by them.
6. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the prefabricated panels (12) made of lightweight concrete are placed on the spacers (1-10,22) by having their rear sides rest flat against the free end faces of the support legs (19) of the spacers (1-10,22), whereby preferably the prefabricated plates (12) made of lightweight concrete are fixed on the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure (16), preferably dowelled, in particular dowelled by means of dowels (14) or hammer-in-dowels.
7. Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that before placing the prefabricated panels (12) made of lightweight concrete on the spacers (1-10,22) and / or before dowelling the prefabricated panels (12) made of lightweight concrete on the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing building structure (16) of the outer wall, plate-shaped insulating material is attached to the bearing building structure (16), preferably glued on, in particular fixed or glued on in the area between the spacers (1-10,22).
8. Method according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that after placing the prefabricated panels (12) made of lightweight concrete on the spacers (1-10,22) and / or after dowelling the prefabricated panels (12) made of lightweight concrete on the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure (16) of the insulated surface or surface to be insulated, powdery or pourable insulating material is filled, preferably blown, into the space between at least one prefabricated plate (12) made of lightweight concrete and the existing and / or load-bearing structure (16) is, in particular through at least one opening in the area of the substructure made of spacers (1-10,22).
9. Method according to one of claims 5 to 8 for the production of a building structure (17) with increased fire resistance for a facade of an already insulated object, characterized in that LKS base elements (1) and panels (2) in combination with prefabricated panels (12) are mounted on the load bearing structure (16) in such a way that the entire facade is covered with prefabricated panels (12), whreby the base element (s) (1) being attached to the load bearing structure (16) and / or is (are) screwed together with the panel (s) (2), and whereby the prefabricated panels (12) are fastened to the load bearing structure (16) by screwing, preferably fastened with EPS -WDVS to the load bearing structure and are screwed at (the) cover (s) of the base element (s) (2).
10. Method according to one of Claims 5 to 8 for the production of a building structure (17) with increased fire resistance for a facade of a non-insulated object, e.g. an old or new building, characterized in that one or more base element (s) (3) and / or one or more spacer element (s) (4) is (are) attached in a horizontal orientation, and, as required, one or more spacer element (s) (5) is (are) attached vertically, whereby insulation panels, preferably made of EPS, are glued on site to the facade to be insulated or glued to the prefabricated panels in the factory, and whereby the prefabricated panel (s) is screwed to the load bearing structure (16) by means of holes and screws and / or dowels, whereby the prefabricated plate (s) (12) are attached on the base element (s) (3) and / or attached to the spacer element (s) (4; 5) on the facade and screwed and / or fastened there, and after that the prefabricated panel (s) (12) are professionally plastered and painted.
11. Method according to one of Claims 5 to 8 for the production of a building structure (17) with increased fire resistance for a facade of an object that is not insulated but is to be insulated by means of blow-in and / or bulk insulation, characterized in that one or more base element (s) (3) and / or one or more spacer element (s) (6; 8; 22) with circular cutout (s) (20) and / or with semicircular cutout (s) (21) is (are) attached in a horizontal orientation, and depending on requirements, one or more spacer element (s) (7; 9; 22) with a circular cutout (s) (20) and / or with a semicircular (- en) cutout (s) (21) is (are) attached vertically, and one or more prefabricated plate (s) (12) on the base element (s) (3) and / or the horizontal and / or vertical spacer element (s) (6,7; 8,9; 22) is (are) screwed in such a way that the construction is self-bearing, and that thereupon the cavity behind the (the) prefabricated panel (s) (12) is filled with infill and loose insulation material (s), e.g. cellulose, glass and rock wool, grass, polyurethane, cattails, expanded perlite, cork fill, hemp spelled tips, natural pumice, etc., as required, and finally the prefabricated panel (s) (12) is (are) plastered and / or painted.
12. Method according to one of claims 5 to 8 for the production of a building structure (17) with increased fire resistance for a facade of an object that is not insulated but is to be insulated with local foam insulation, characterized in that one or more base element (s) (3) and / or one or more spacer elements (s) (6; 8; 22) with preferably circular cut-out (s) (20) and / or with preferably semicircular cut-out (s) (21) is (are) attached in a horizontal orientation, and a or several spacer element (s) (7; 9; 22) with circular cut-out (s) (20) and / or with semicircular cut-out (s) (21) is (are) attached vertically, and one or more prefabricated plate (s) (12) is (are) screwed on the base element (s) (3) and / or the horizontal and / or vertical spacer element (s) (6,7; 8,9; 22) in such a way that the construction is self-bearing and that the cavity behind the prefabricated panel (s) (12) is insulated with in-situ foam, and finally the prefabricated panel (s) (12) is (are) plastered and / or painted.
13. Method according to one of claims 5 to 8 for producing a building structure (17) with increased fire resistance for floor heating, characterized in that one or more spacer elements (6) with preferably circular openings (20) and / or with preferably semicircular Cutouts (21) are mounted on a substrate, and then either before the installation of prefabricated panels (12) insulation boards are laid and / or after the installation of prefabricated boards (12), a particulate insulation material is blown in or poured in or an in-situ foam is foamed.

Images