EP3372742B1 - Construction de bâtiments pourvue de fonction de protection contre l'incendie pour murs extérieurs ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'une telle construction de bâtiments - Google Patents

Construction de bâtiments pourvue de fonction de protection contre l'incendie pour murs extérieurs ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'une telle construction de bâtiments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3372742B1
EP3372742B1 EP17001466.6A EP17001466A EP3372742B1 EP 3372742 B1 EP3372742 B1 EP 3372742B1 EP 17001466 A EP17001466 A EP 17001466A EP 3372742 B1 EP3372742 B1 EP 3372742B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lightweight concrete
prefabricated
spacer
load
spacers
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EP17001466.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3372742A1 (fr
Inventor
Majid Taheri Sohi
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LKS GmbH
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Lks GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
    • E04F13/0803—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E04F13/141—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of concrete

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a building structure with a fire protection function for external walls provided or to be provided with external insulation, as well as to a method for producing such a building structure.
  • a building construction with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is from the laid-open specification US 2015/240483 A1 known.
  • LKS lightweight concrete construction system
  • EPS expanded polystyrene
  • Styrofoam expanded polystyrene
  • ETICS thermal insulation composite systems
  • the insulation with the polystyrene EPS-ETICS is problematic. Due to the inadequate heat storage capacity, such insulation becomes very hot during the day and cools down significantly at night. The humidity that has diffused into the insulation material then condenses or dew on its surface coating, which soon corrodes thanks to extreme thermal expansion. This leads to the formation of mold and algae. That is why the EPS ETICS coating is systematically treated with pesticides. After a while, the toxins are washed out and end up in the sewage and groundwater.
  • EPS is a product made from crude oil and, despite the flame retardant, belongs to building material class B1 or B2 - i.e. difficult to normally flammable - fire protection when using EPS as external wall insulation requires main and additional fire bars, fall protection, etc. to prevent fires from spreading quickly to other floors via the facade insulation.
  • building material class B1 or B2 - i.e. difficult to normally flammable - fire protection when using EPS as external wall insulation requires main and additional fire bars, fall protection, etc. to prevent fires from spreading quickly to other floors via the facade insulation.
  • this does not always succeed, as numerous fires show, where the external wall insulation contributed significantly to the development and / or spread of a fire.
  • EPS ETICS has shown that in the event of a fire, very large fire damage (verified by fire departments in various cities and experts) in less than 10 Minutes occur, so that in these cases not even the specified fire resistance "Fire protection class B1 (hardly inflammable)" is met.
  • facades insulated with EPS cannot even offer resistance to the fire for 10 minutes.
  • an external facade should have a fire resistance of at least 45 minutes in order to give the rescue workers enough time to get the fire under control before it spreads over the facade to the whole house.
  • the facade in question is covered or veiled outside of the thermal insulation with prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete.
  • the access of atmospheric oxygen to the thermal insulation is reduced or completely interrupted.
  • the lightweight concrete slabs themselves are not flammable.
  • the support of the lightweight concrete slabs on profiles or rails on the supporting substrate protects the thermal insulation itself from excessive pressure, so that their pores retain their insulating effect. This also means that the outer shell remains level and does not have to be leveled before plastering and / or painting.
  • a spacer preferably has an elongated shape in order to be able to support the edges of prefabricated panels.
  • a spacer is designed in the form of a profile, at least in some areas. It thus has a constant cross-section, at least in some areas, in the course of an edge of a prefabricated panel laid on it and thus offers a large, flat contact surface.
  • a spacer has a profile-shaped continuous part with a constant cross-section along a longitudinal axis and elements attached or molded to it, which are preferably in a common alignment parallel to the longitudinal axis of the continuous part.
  • the profile-shaped part provides a kind of backbone, so to speak, along which several molded elements can be lined up.
  • a spacer has an L- or T-shaped cross section. On the one hand, it can thus be attached to the load-bearing structure and, on the other hand, it is raised in relation to that and can thereby keep the lightweight concrete slab in question at a distance from the load-bearing structure.
  • At least one spacer has at least one assembly leg for flat contact with the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing building fabric of the outer wall, the latter can be aligned and fixed in the aligned state through a two-dimensional contact between the outer surface of the building fabric and a spacer.
  • the invention further provides that at least one spacer has at least one support leg with a free end face to rest against the back of a prefabricated plate made of lightweight concrete.
  • a contact offers the relevant lightweight concrete slab a secure support so that it can also absorb external mechanical influences such as pressure or impacts without being damaged.
  • the mounting leg and the support leg enclose a right angle with one another in the cross section of a spacer. If the support leg extends perpendicular to the mounting leg, it will protrude perpendicularly away from the outer surface of the building substance in the installed state of the spacer and then offers with its free longitudinal front side a support option for a prefabricated slab made of lightweight concrete.
  • a slab of lightweight concrete fastened in front of it provides a two-dimensional contact surface, so that the slab is not overloaded as a result of local pressure peaks .
  • the mounting leg can have one or preferably more bores for inserting fastening screws through, with which the spacer can be fixed to the building substance, in particular by means of dowels.
  • the invention recommends that the support leg has one or preferably more recesses, in particular in the form of through openings. If spacers are attached to a wall surface in a grid, they can, in extreme cases, separate adjacent fields of the outer wall from one another. However, it is precisely these recesses that create a connection between such wall sections or panels, so that, for example, an exchange of air is possible.
  • the invention offers the possibility that on at least one end face of at least one spacer, if necessary, one profile leg protrudes over the other, in particular the support leg protrudes relative to the mounting leg.
  • one profile leg protrudes over the other, in particular the support leg protrudes relative to the mounting leg.
  • the invention recommends the use of one or more screws, which preferably reach through the mounting leg and are anchored in the masonry by means of dowels.
  • wood chips or other wood particles are added to at least one prefabricated panel made of lightweight concrete during its manufacture.
  • Wood chips are light and have good thermal insulation properties.
  • a lightweight concrete slab equipped in this way is less brittle.
  • the fibers of the wood can act as reinforcement.
  • they lend to such a lightweight concrete slab unevenness on the outside, to which plaster adheres more easily than to a smooth concrete slab.
  • the spacers are also made of lightweight concrete, possibly with added wood chips.
  • a prefabricated slab made of lightweight concrete and / or a spacer made of lightweight concrete has a wood / cement value (kg / kg) of 1: 2 or more, for example 1: 1 or more, preferably 1 , 2: 1 or more, in particular 1.4: 1 or more. Only above these lower limit values do the positive properties of the wood particles clearly come into play. However, care should be taken to ensure that the dry density of the lightweight concrete does not exceed an upper limit of 1200 kg / m3.
  • a prefabricated slab made of lightweight concrete and / or a spacer made of lightweight concrete should have a wood / cement value (kg / kg) of 4: 1 or less, preferably 3.5: 1 or less, in particular 3: 1 or less .
  • a wood / cement value (kg / kg) of 4: 1 or less, preferably 3.5: 1 or less, in particular 3: 1 or less .
  • a lightweight concrete slab and / or a spacer made of lightweight concrete of the building construction according to the invention can have an aggregate content of 4% by weight or less.
  • the proportion of wood in the finished product can be up to 90% by volume.
  • At least one prefabricated slab made of lightweight concrete and / or at least one spacer made of lightweight concrete has a dry bulk density of 500 kg / m3 or more, for example a dry bulk density of 600 kg / m3 or more, preferably a dry bulk density of 700 kg / m3 or more, in particular a dry bulk density of 800 kg / m3 or more.
  • a dry bulk density of 500 kg / m3 or more for example a dry bulk density of 600 kg / m3 or more, preferably a dry bulk density of 700 kg / m3 or more, in particular a dry bulk density of 800 kg / m3 or more.
  • Such a plate is sufficiently massive not to be caused to vibrate by external influences such as wind or storm, etc.
  • a prefabricated slab made of lightweight concrete and / or a spacer made of lightweight concrete should have a dry bulk density of 1200 kg / m3 or less, for example a dry bulk density of 1100 kg / m3 or less, preferably a dry bulk density of 1000 kg / m3 or less, especially a dry bulk density of 900 kg / m3 or less. If the specific weight of such a lightweight concrete slab becomes too high, its fastening is subjected to excessive stresses.
  • At least one prefabricated plate made of lightweight concrete has a thickness of 15 mm or more, preferably a thickness of 20 mm or more, in particular a thickness of 25 mm or more. This gives such a plate sufficient mechanical stability so that it does not threaten to break in the event of internal tensile stresses as a result of a spatial offset between supporting spacers and pressing fastening screws.
  • a preferred limitation of the thickness of a lightweight concrete slab for example to a thickness of 45 mm or less, preferably to a thickness of 40 mm or less, in particular to a thickness of 35 mm or less, also limits its weight or surface weight and thus the construction required for anchoring is relieved. If this is necessary for other reasons, however, lightweight concrete panels with a greater thickness can also be used, for example with a thickness of up to 60 mm, or with a thickness of up to 80 mm, or even with an even greater thickness.
  • At least one spacer can be fastened by means of one or more screws on the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure of the insulated or surface to be insulated.
  • screws can preferably be anchored to the existing and / or load-bearing structure in dowels inserted there.
  • the invention offers the possibility that at least one prefabricated slab made of lightweight concrete can be fastened with one or more dowels on the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure of the outer wall, preferably with one or more knock-in anchors, in particular with one or more ETICS knock-in anchors.
  • dowels can be arranged laterally offset with respect to the spacers, for example towards the center of a plate, while the spacers themselves can run along the peripheral edges of a lightweight concrete plate.
  • plate-shaped insulating material can be attached to the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure of the outer wall, preferably glued and / or screwed, in particular in the area between the spacers.
  • Retrofitting already insulated facades only requires providing narrow grooves in the insulating material for the spacers that extend as far as the supporting building structure.
  • powdery or pourable insulation material can be poured in behind at least one prefabricated panel made of lightweight concrete, preferably blown in.
  • This manufacturing variant is particularly suitable for new buildings and the like, or when insulation is installed for the first time.
  • a prefabricated slab made of lightweight concrete can be plastered and / or painted on its outside or visible side.
  • a method according to the invention for producing such a building structure is specified in claim 5.
  • spacers to be attached to the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure, and then prefabricated lightweight concrete panels to be supported on the spacers and fixed at a distance from the structure, so that in the space between the lightweight concrete panels and there is space for the load-bearing structure of the building.
  • the thermal insulation is on the one hand mechanically protected; on the other hand, light and atmospheric oxygen and even moisture are kept out, so that algae or mold formation can be prevented, and in the event of a fire, the thermal insulation will ignite.
  • the construction leads to better sound insulation.
  • the spacers are screwed flat on the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing building fabric in one work step, in particular in such a way that a mounting leg of a spacer is flat on the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure Building fabric is present.
  • this fixes the relevant spacer itself and, on the other hand, enables it to take over the weight of a lightweight concrete slab attached to it in a frictional manner and to introduce it into the masonry or into the load-bearing structure.
  • the prefabricated lightweight concrete panels are placed on the spacers, in particular in such a way that their backs lie flat against the contact surfaces of the support elements or on the free end faces or support legs of the preferably spacers. If the outer surface of the load-bearing structure is sufficiently flat, a highly flat alignment of the lightweight concrete panels mounted on it is ensured at the same time, meaning that time-consuming leveling is unnecessary.
  • the prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete can be attached to the outside of the existing and / or load-bearing structure, preferably dowelled, in particular dowelled with hammer-in dowels. Since, as a result of a full-surface, frictional contact in the area of the spacers, the weight forces are removed from the lightweight concrete slabs via the spacers to the load-bearing structure, and the dowels are therefore largely freed from these weight forces a large disk made of plastic or the like, placed between the dowel head and the outside of the plate, as a kind of buffering.
  • a first possibility for attaching the prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete to the outer wall of an existing and / or load-bearing building structure is that a base is attached, in particular screwed, to the lower side of an outer wall of a building substance already insulated with EPS ETICS the prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete are attached to the insulated building fabric, in particular glued and / or dowelled.
  • the base and the spacers are screwed and / or dowelled to the building substance.
  • the insulation boards for example made of EPS-ETICS, can then be attached to the building fabric, preferably glued on.
  • the prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete are then fixed to the spacers and / or to the building fabric, in particular screwed or dowelled.
  • the outside can then be plastered and / or painted in accordance with the state of the art.
  • This process offers the advantage of new insulation with EPS that the flame retardant is prevented from being washed out.
  • the process offers the possibility that EPS-ETICS can be used without flame retardants, as the Lightweight concrete already takes on this task without an additional flame retardant finish with a flame retardant.
  • particulate or pourable insulation material or a In-situ foam insulation is filled into the space between at least one prefabricated panel made of lightweight concrete and the existing and / or load-bearing structure, preferably blown in or poured in, or introduced as in-situ foam insulation, in particular through at least one opening in the area of the substructure made of spacers.
  • Any visible joints or gaps on the front end in the area of the substructure between the prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete and the existing and / or load-bearing structure of the outer wall can be closed by one or more panels. This is not just an aesthetic measure; this can also keep pests away from the isolation.
  • the prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete are filled at their butt joints, for example with a mineral-based joint compound or with a silicone-containing filler compound or the like. This can in particular prevent moisture from penetrating the area of the thermal insulation layer.
  • the prefabricated panels made of lightweight concrete are plastered and / or painted on their outer or visible side, so that in the finished state there is no indication of the integrated thermal insulation.
  • An LKS is intended to prevent fire damage, in particular by creating a protective cover around a thermally insulated facade.
  • EPS without the LKS causes high fire damage after 10 minutes in the event of a fire
  • EPS under or behind a LKS surface element can withstand a fire for 45 to 180 minutes.
  • Parts 1 and 3 are pedestals for wall cladding, part 2 is a panel.
  • Parts 4 to 10 and 22 are spacers which can be attached to an existing or load-bearing structure and can support a lightweight concrete slab.
  • the assembly of a building structure 17 according to the invention shows Fig. 1 :
  • a load-bearing building substance 16 one recognizes a wall which is to be provided with thermal insulation in a fire-proof manner.
  • Spacers 4, 6, 8, 10, 22 are mounted horizontally on this as required and further spacers 5, 7, 9, 10, 22 are mounted vertically as required, in particular screwed to the load-bearing structure 16.
  • the transverse bar of this "T" is formed by a mounting leg 18, which preferably has a rectangular cross-section.
  • a support leg 19 is attached in a plane perpendicular to that leg, which likewise preferably has a rectangular cross-section.
  • such a spacer 4 to 10 and / or 22 consists of lightweight concrete, preferably of lightweight wood concrete, in particular of the same material as the lightweight concrete slabs 12.
  • the mounting leg 18 can be provided with fastening bores on both sides of the support leg 19, through which fastening screws 15 can be inserted and screwed into the supporting structure.
  • the spacer 6 differs from the spacer 4 in that the support leg 19 has a series of circular recesses 20 or through bores so that the areas adjacent to the spacer 6 on both sides of the support leg 19 can communicate with one another.
  • notch-shaped recesses 21 are formed in the area of the free longitudinal end face of the support leg 19, which, for example, follow a section from a circular line. These recesses 21 also serve to create a passage between laterally adjacent areas of the support leg 19.
  • the spacer 5 differs from the spacer 4, however, in that one leg, in particular the mounting leg 18, has a recess or groove in the area of the end faces of the spacer 5 next to the other leg, in particular next to the support leg 19.
  • one leg, in particular the support leg 19, is unchanged in the area of the end faces, while the other leg, in particular the mounting leg 18, is shortened in comparison.
  • These recesses 11 are dimensioned such that a spacer 4 and a spacer 5 can be joined to one another at right angles to one another in such a way that the end faces of the two support legs 19 can abut one another.
  • the recesses 11 can have a right-angled base area, but also a triangular base area. In the latter case, two such spacers 5 of the same type could be put together on a miter as in the case of a picture frame.
  • the spacer 7 differs from the spacer 6 only in the same recesses 11 that the spacer 4 also has; however, the profile is identical, including the recesses 20.
  • the spacer 9 also has such recesses 11 and thereby differs from the spacer 8, with an otherwise identical profile as the spacer 8, including the recesses 21.
  • the spacers 4 and 5 can be used, unless a passage through the support leg 19 is required for other reasons.
  • spacers 6 to 9 with perforated support legs 19 should be used, because then the entire cavity behind the lightweight concrete panels mounted with these spacers 6 to 9 is nowhere interrupted and thus the insulation flakes or -particles or an insulation foam can get anywhere.
  • Fig. 1 the latter case is shown, ie the insulation is carried out by blowing in, pouring or foaming. Therefore, the spacers 6 and 7 are used, which are provided with through recesses 20; With a different insulation, spacers 1, 2, 3 can be used in conjunction with lightweight concrete panels 12. If EPS is to be used further, elements 3, 4, 5, 10 and / or 12 are used.
  • the lengths of the spacers used have 4 to 9 lengths which correspond to the length of a lightweight concrete slab 12 or an integral multiple thereof.
  • the spacers 4 to 9 used form a grid on the load-bearing structure 16 with fields which each correspond to the size of a lightweight concrete slab 12, in such a way that the peripheral edges of a Lightweight concrete slab 12 lie straight in the middle on the free longitudinal end faces of the support legs 19 and collide on those, preferably butt together.
  • the horizontal spacers do not have to be used in every case, but only if they appear necessary. If the horizontal spacers appear to be unnecessary, horizontal spacers can also be used as vertical spacers.
  • each lightweight concrete slab 12 is lifted off the supporting structure 16 in this way by two to four spacers 4 to 9.
  • dowels 14 can be distributed over the entire lightweight concrete slab 12.
  • the invention recommends using about five such dowels 14 per lightweight concrete slab 12, for example four of them near each corner of the lightweight concrete slab 12 and one approximately in the middle thereof.
  • L-shaped spacers 1, 3 can be used instead of T-shaped spacers 4 to 9, as in FIG Fig. 1 can be seen in the area of the lower edge of the load-bearing structure 16.
  • a flaky insulating material can be blown in, or particulate insulating material is filled in, or an insulating foam is added until the entire cavity behind the lightweight concrete slabs 12 is filled with the insulating material.
  • the floor insulation for the floor heating can also be implemented effectively and quickly, optionally by laying insulation boards (preferably using spacers 4, 5) and / or filling with blown or loose insulation material or in-situ foam (preferably using spacers 6 to 9).
  • the spacer 10 according to Fig. 11 is particularly massive; in particular, a cross-sectional widening can also be provided in the area of the free longitudinal end face of the support leg 19.
  • a lightweight concrete slab 12 with a integrated EPS insulation and such a spacer 10 are connected and then transported as a stable wall element to the place of use and erected there as formwork.
  • spacers 13 for various buildings, including in canal, dam and bridge construction, and / or as formwork construction;
  • This spacer 13 can differ from the spacer 10 by, for example, circular or notch-shaped recesses 20, 21.
  • This spacer element also makes it possible to avoid dismantling the formwork from the LKS after concreting. This LKS thus becomes part of the structure and no longer has to be dismantled.
  • the in Fig. 13 The spacer 22 shown, only the mounting leg 18 is continuous in the longitudinal direction, while the support leg 19 has several interruptions in its longitudinal direction and is therefore broken up into individual support elements 23.
  • Embodiment 22 shown has a cuboid or cube-shaped shape.
  • the in Fig. 12 The spacer 13 shown can be used to create a formwork for use in various structures, for example in the construction of canals, dams or bridges.
  • formwork made of LKS can be prepared in whole or in parts in a factory or on the construction site, which can then be erected with support frames, equipped with reinforcement, filled with concrete and completed.
  • a building project is completed more quickly, with the formwork with a lightweight concrete slab of the LKS becoming part of the structure and no longer having to be dismantled.
  • the LKS offers all environmentally conscious builders and investors the prerequisite for installing insulation in a cheaper, faster, environmentally friendly and sustainable way, e.g. in the form of poured, blown or in-situ foam insulation.
  • EPS can even be partially or completely dispensed with and insulation can also be included within the framework of the LKS Renewable raw materials are made, for example in the form of cellulose insulation, in particular with cellulose flakes from waste paper or meadow grass, and / or with wood fibers, grass fibers, hemp, spelled tips, cork, especially a cork filler, or with glass wool or rock wool granules, cattails, expanded perlites, natural pumice Etc.
  • the surface of the insulating material is arranged in such a way that the supply of outside air to the surface of the insulating material that is facing away is reduced. This ensures a higher fire resistance of the property in the event of a fire.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Construction de bâtiment (17) dotée d'une fonction de protection contre l'incendie pour des surfaces pourvues ou à pourvoir d'une isolation, en particulier des murs extérieurs, dans laquelle des espaceurs (1-10, 22) sont appliqués et fixés sur la face extérieure du bâti porteur (16) dans la région de la surface isolée ou à isoler, et des plaques préfabriquées (12) en béton léger s'appuient sur ceux-ci et sont fixées au bâti porteur (16), et dans laquelle un espace creux dans lequel est disposée une isolation thermique demeure dans la région entre les espaceurs (1-10, 22), les plaques préfabriquées (12) et le bâti porteur (16), caractérisée en ce qu'au moins un espaceur (1-10, 22) est constitué de béton léger et présente une jambe d'appui (19) avec une face frontale libre pour l'application sur la face arrière d'une plaque préfabriquée (12) en béton léger.
  2. Construction de bâti existant (17) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'un espaceur (1-10, 22) présente une forme allongée, l'extension longitudinale d'un espaceur (1-10, 22) correspondant avantageusement au moins approximativement à la longueur d'un bord périphérique droit d'une plaque préfabriquée (12) en béton léger ou à un multiple de celle-ci.
  3. Construction de bâti existant (17) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'un espaceur (1-10, 22) est réalisé au moins par endroits, dans laquelle un espaceur (1-10, 22) présente de préférence une partie continue avec une section transversale constante le long d'un axe longitudinal, ainsi que des éléments moulés ou rapportés sur celle-ci, lesquels s'étendent de préférence de façon alignée entre eux parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal de la partie continue.
  4. Construction de bâti existant (17) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'un espaceur (1-10, 22) présente une section transversale en forme de L ou de T, de préférence avec au moins une jambe de montage (18) pour l'application surfacique sur la face extérieure du bâti existant et/ou porteur (16) de la surface à isoler, en particulier dans laquelle la jambe de montage (18) et la jambe d'appui (19) forment un angle droit entre elles dans la section transversale d'un espaceur (1-10, 22).
  5. Procédé de fabrication d'une construction de bâti existant (17) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle, dans la région de la surface isolée ou à isoler, des espaceurs (1, 3-10, 22) sont appliqués sur la face extérieure du bâti porteur (16) et fixés à celle-ci, et des plaques préfabriquées (12) en béton léger s'appuient sur la face extérieure du bâti porteur (16) au moyen des espaceurs (1, 3-10, 22) et sont fixées à une distance du bâti (16), de manière à créer un espace creux dans la région entre les espaceurs (1-10, 22), les plaques (12) en béton léger et le bâti porteur (16), pour la réception d'une isolation thermique, dans laquelle les plaques préfabriquées (12) en béton léger sont appliquées sur les surfaces d'appui des jambes d'appui (19) et sont supportées par celles-ci.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les plaques préfabriquées (12) en béton léger sont appliquées sur les espaceurs (1-10, 22) en appliquant leurs faces arrière au moins par endroits de façon surfacique sur les faces frontales libres des jambes d'appui (19) des espaceurs (1-10, 22), dans lequel les plaques préfabriquées (12) en béton léger sont de préférence fixées à la face extérieure du bâti existant et/ou porteur (16), avantageusement par chevillage, en particulier chevillées à l'aide de chevilles (14) ou de chevilles à percussion.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce qu'avant l'application des plaques préfabriquées (12) en béton léger sur les espaceurs (1-10, 22) et/ou avant le chevillage des plaques préfabriquées (12) en béton léger sur la face extérieure du bâti existant et/ou porteur (16) du mur extérieur, un matériau d'isolation en forme de plaque est fixé au bâti porteur (16), avantageusement par collage, en particulier fixé ou collé dans la région située entre les espaceurs (1-10, 22).
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'après l'application des plaques préfabriquées (12) en béton léger sur les espaceurs (1-10, 22) et/ou après le chevillage des plaques préfabriquées (12) en béton léger sur la face extérieure du bâti existant et/ou porteur (16) de la surface isolée ou à isoler, un matériau d'isolation pulvérulent ou en vrac est introduit dans l'espace intermédiaire entre au moins une plaque préfabriquée (12) en béton léger et le bâti existant et/ou porteur (16), avantageusement par soufflage, en particulier à travers au moins une ouverture dans la région de la sous-construction composée d'espaceurs (1-10, 22).
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8 pour la fabrication d'une construction de bâtiment (17) avec une résistance au feu élevée pour une façade d'un objet déjà isolé, caractérisé en ce que des éléments de socle de base LKS (1) et des caches (2) sont montés de telle façon sur le bâti porteur (16) en combinaison avec des plaques préfabriquées (12), que l'ensemble de la façade est recouvert de plaques préfabriquées (12), dans lequel l'élément/les éléments de socle de base (1) est/sont fixé(s) au bâti porteur (16) et/ou vissé(s) avec le(s) cache(s) (2), et dans lequel les plaques préfabriquées (12) sont fixées par vissage au bâti porteur (16), avantageusement à l'aide d'un système d'ITE en EPS, et vissées sur le(s) cache(s) de l'élément/des éléments de socle de base (2).
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8 pour la fabrication d'une construction de bâtiment (17) avec une résistance au feu élevée pour une façade d'un objet non isolé, par exemple un bâtiment ancien ou nouveau, caractérisé en ce qu'un ou plusieurs élément(s) de socle de base (3) et/ou un ou plusieurs élément(s) espaceur(s) (4) est/sont monté(s) selon une orientation horizontale, et un ou plusieurs élément(s) espaceur(s) (5) est/sont monté(s) verticalement selon les besoins, dans lequel des plaques d'isolation, avantageusement des plaques d'EPS, sont collées sur place à la façade à isoler ou collées aux plaques préfabriquées à l'usine, et dans lequel la/les plaque(s) préfabriquée(s) est/sont vissée(s) au bâti (16) à l'aide de perçages et de vis et/ou de chevilles, dans lequel la/les plaque(s) préfabriquée(s) (12) est/sont montée(s) sur l'élément/les éléments de socle de base (3) et/ou sur l'élément/les éléments espaceur(s) (4 ; 5) sur la façade, où elle(s) est/sont vissée(s) et/ou fixée(s), puis la/les plaque(s) préfabriquée(s) (12) peut/peuvent être enduite(s) ou peinte(s).
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8 pour la fabrication d'une construction de bâtiment (17) avec une résistance au feu élevée pour une façade d'un objet non isolé mais à isoler au moyen d'une isolation introduite par soufflage et/ou en vrac, caractérisé en ce qu'un ou plusieurs élément(s) de socle de base (3) et/ou un ou plusieurs élément(s) espaceur(s) (6 ; 8 ; 22) avec un/des découpage(s) circulaire(s) (20) et/ou avec un/des découpage(s) semicirculaire(s) (21) est/sont monté(s) selon une orientation horizontale, et un ou plusieurs élément(s) espaceur(s) (7 ; 9 ; 22) avec un/des découpage(s) circulaire(s) (20) et/ou avec un/des découpage(s) semi-circulaire(s) (21) est/sont monté(s) verticalement selon les besoins, et une ou plusieurs plaque(s) préfabriquée(s) (12) est/sont vissée(s) de telle façon sur l'élément/les éléments de socle de base (3) et/ou sur l'élément/les éléments espaceur(s) (6, 7 ; 8, 9 ; 22) horizontal/horizontaux et/ou vertical/verticaux, que la construction est autoportante, et en ce que l'espace creux derrière la/les plaque(s) préfabriquée(s) (12) est rempli au choix avec une/des matière(s) isolante introduite(s) par soufflage et en vrac, par exemple de la cellulose, de la laine de verre ou de roche, du gazon, du polyuréthane, de la massette, de la perlite expansée, du liège en vrac, du chanvre, de l'épeautre, de la pierre ponce naturelle, etc., et pour terminer la/les plaque(s) préfabriquée(s) (12) est/sont enduite(s) et/ou peinte(s).
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8 pour la fabrication d'une construction de bâtiment (17) avec une résistance au feu élevée pour une façade d'un objet non isolé, mais à isoler avec une isolation en mousse formée sur place, caractérisé en ce qu'un ou plusieurs élément(s) de socle de base (3) et/ou un ou plusieurs élément(s) espaceur(s) (6 ; 8 ; 22) avec un/des découpage(s) circulaire(s) (20) et/ou avec un/des découpage(s) semi-circulaire(s) (21) est/sont monté(s) selon une orientation horizontale, et un ou plusieurs élément(s) espaceur(s) (7 ; 9 ; 22) avec un/des découpage(s) circulaire(s) (20) et/ou avec un/des découpage(s) semi-circulaire(s) (21) est/sont monté(s) verticalement selon les besoins, et une ou plusieurs plaque(s) préfabriquée(s) (12) est/sont vissée(s) de telle façon sur l'élément/les éléments de socle de base (3) et/ou sur l'élément/les éléments espaceur(s) (6, 7 ; 8, 9 ; 22) horizontal/horizontaux et/ou vertical/verticaux, que la construction est autoportante, et en ce que l'espace creux derrière la/les plaque(s) préfabriquée(s) (12) est ensuite isolé avec de la mousse formée sur place, et pour terminer la/les plaque(s) préfabriquée(s) (12) est/sont enduite(s) et/ou peinte(s).
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8 pour la fabrication d'une construction de bâtiment (17) avec une résistance au feu élevée pour un chauffage au sol, caractérisé en ce qu'un ou plusieurs élément(s) espaceur(s) (6) avec des percées de préférence circulaires (20) et/ou avec des découpages de préférence semicirculaires (21) est/sont monté(s) sur une base, puis des plaques d'isolation sont posées avant l'installation de plaques préfabriquées (12) et/ou une matière isolante particulaire est introduite par soufflage ou versée ou une mousse formée sur place est expansée après l'installation de plaques préfabriquées (12).
EP17001466.6A 2017-03-08 2017-08-31 Construction de bâtiments pourvue de fonction de protection contre l'incendie pour murs extérieurs ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'une telle construction de bâtiments Active EP3372742B1 (fr)

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