EP1008697B1 - Heat and/or sound insulating element - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a heat and / or sound insulation element Fire protection function, consisting of a hard foam panel, for example Made of expanded polystyrene, which hard foam sheet on one too insulating surface, in particular building facade or roof surface with Adhesives and / or holding elements can be attached and for the application of a Plaster is suitable, the hard foam plate two parallel to each other arranged large surfaces and four to the large surfaces in the has substantially perpendicular side faces.

Such heat and / or sound insulation elements are from the prior art Technology known. In connection with the fasteners and the applied plaster will be such thermal and / or acoustic insulation elements referred to as composite thermal insulation systems that consist of self-contained Insulation layers exist, which are reinforced by a Basic plaster and a plaster against weather influences and mechanical Effects are protected. The heat and / or sound insulation elements are glued to the load-bearing surfaces of the building and / or by means of dowels inserted into the bearing surfaces Insulation holder held. They are also composite thermal insulation systems known in which the heat and / or sound insulation elements are held in rails, which rails with the supporting surface are screwed. These rails are double T-shaped, for example trained, the one T-bar is screwed to the building and the T-bar located away from the building in corresponding Recesses (grooves) of the heat and / or sound insulation elements engages. Thermal insulation composite systems described above currently trained with heat and / or sound insulation elements, the one Have a material thickness between 60 and 80 mm. Due to the legal Requirements and that with the heat and / or sound insulation elements Achievable energy savings, the material thicknesses are increasing Tendency towards low energy houses, especially at Design of passive houses with insulation thicknesses of more than 300 mm.

Because the buildings with thermal insulation composite systems in the Rule openings in the walls for windows, doors, gates but also for Have pipelines, the thermal and / or sound insulation is not to apply over the entire surface. With the connections to windows, doors and Gates border the thermal and / or soundproofing elements on reveal panels, up to the frame of the windows, doors and / or gates are led. The design of the frame, in particular their construction height is therefore a determining factor in the thickness of the Thermal and / or soundproofing elements in lintel and reveal areas. As a rule, only heat and / or sound insulation elements can be used in these areas can be used with low material thickness. Compared to the areas with thermal and / or soundproofing elements high material thickness, thermal bridges are formed in these areas, which become more apparent with increasing insulation thickness.

In the new building area, therefore, reveal panels with larger sizes are increasingly used Material thickness or heat-insulating load-bearing building materials used, that reduce or even eliminate the thermal bridge effect. For example the reveal panels in the lintel area up to the outlet openings led for shutters. The thermal insulation composite systems are located in the plinth areas through metal profiles, for example from perforated sheet metal completed. The completion of the thermal insulation composite systems in the area of eaves or in the area of end panels Flat roof construction remains open, however. The same applies to the Closing under window sills. Here, however, cavities often remain, since the insulation boards are not completely in the area of the termination are led.

To a large extent, namely almost 90% are used as heat and / or soundproofing elements in thermal insulation composite systems rigid foam panels made of expanded polystyrene. These hard foam sheets essentially have the advantage of being permanent and have relatively high transverse tensile strength and great rigidity. Rigid foam panels made of polystyrene are of the building material class according to DIN 4102-1 B1 assigned, in which flame retardant building materials are classified are. This classification is based solely on the behavior of the Heat and / or soundproofing elements made of polystyrene when tested in the Brandschacht. Because heat and / or sound insulation elements made of polystyrene by melting the flame, is the classification for the above-mentioned building material class acceptable. With practical use but it should be noted that thermal and / or acoustic insulation elements made of polystyrene rigid foam are normal to highly flammable. Such heat and / or sound insulation elements drip burning, the fire process in addition to high energy turnover due to the release large quantities of smoke and toxic components is.

The risk of fire with such heat and / or sound insulation elements is particularly due to the non-flammable arrangement on both sides Plaster layers significantly reduced. Even when using 5 to 6 mm thin layers of synthetic resin plasters are the heat and / or Soundproofing elements are adequately protected against direct fire attack, although the existing plastic parts from the synthetic resin plasters burn out quickly and locally so that the remaining purely inorganic plaster through the reinforcement fabric for a certain Even then a sufficiently fire-resistant stable curtain forms when the underlying heat and / or sound insulation elements completely melted away. However, the prerequisite is that the cleaning system above the fire site either by a intact composite or by functioning insulation holder (with steel core) are held. Here it has been shown that fire protection decreases with increasing thickness of the heat and / or sound insulation elements. Damage naturally also occurs in the same way the outer layer of plaster to another, far more dangerous Fire development. If the building has a damaged layer of plaster, spread the fire spreads much faster over the outer wall surfaces simultaneous melting away of the heat and / or sound insulation elements out. In these cases, the polystyrene insulation layer can even Assume property of a fire accelerator when dripping Polystyrene in the area of quickly flammable building components or Furnishings arrived.

In the area of ceilings, for example when entering gates, the Collect polystyrene melt on the plaster layers and suddenly run burning through an opening in the plaster layers and from there cause fire spreading horizontally and vertically. With the catastrophic Fire at Düsseldorf Airport has the polystyrene melt that was caught on an aluminum foil, the fire spread and - effect intensified considerably. Such weaknesses in fire safety exist especially in the area of building openings, such as Doors, windows, gates and culverts. Exists in these areas also in normal cases a much greater risk of fire spreading, because the dripping polystyrene melt runs directly into the fire and that Fire intensified. Is the source of the fire in a living room or in several living spaces, such as those closed with windows and / or doors Building openings do not represent fire resistance. For example made of thermoplastics and / or wood Window and / or door frames burn down quickly and allow for Escape the fire in the facade area, where the fire quickly Edge areas of polystyrene insulation boards reached and ignited. Another The weak point of such buildings is in the form of roller shutter boxes recognize that are covered with thin chipboard or plywood and have a polystyrene rigid foam lining on the inside or completely are made from molded polystyrene. About these roller shutter boxes the fire spreads rapidly, which then facade areas also reached and ignited.

As stated above, these are in particular in the area of the building openings Soffit panels made of rigid polystyrene foam, where these hard foam panels first in the lintel area within a short time Melt time and the reinforced plaster layer connects to Remove the building so that the layer of plaster is partially or entirely from the Building is replaced and further building areas are released for the fire. Depending on the intensity of the fire attack, the reveal panels also melt, so that the thermal insulation composite system to the sides opens. Melt dripping on window sills intensified the thermal load also in the lower areas of the building opening, thereby causing devastating fire can lead to a crash of components of the plaster layer to lead. In these cases, the plaster layer hangs down like an apron directs the flames onto the polystyrene insulation layer, which melts or burns from the inside. As a fire resistant below the building openings Conclusion is not given, the flames strike the floor below. On the other hand, the flames reach over the polystyrene rigid foam panels also the usually wooden roof structure in the eaves area, which then ignites.

The fire risk when using thermal insulation composite systems with polystyrene rigid foam panels is well known. From the foregoing The reason for this is the assembly of such thermal insulation composite systems with polystyrene rigid foam panels on high-rise buildings, meeting places, Hospitals and / or airports not permitted. In These areas are only based on composite thermal insulation systems of non-flammable mineral wool, foam glass or aerated concrete slabs authorized. From an economic point of view, approval of the Composite thermal insulation systems described above with polystyrene rigid foam panels for a large number of buildings despite the given and identified risks.

An external cladding for buildings is known from DE 25 51 121 A1. On polystyrene insulation panels are attached to the outside of masonry, between which are horizontal strips of non-combustible material, For example, mineral wool are arranged on the outside of the building glued or otherwise attached. The disadvantage of this The procedure consists on the one hand in the very complex processing of the individual elements of the outer cladding and the associated sources of error on the part of the construction workers. In addition, these are possible Failure of insufficient fire safety, which is also caused by the if necessary different adhesive masses is reinforced.

Furthermore, DE 196 43 618 A1 discloses a composite thermal insulation system plastic insulation boards made of hard foam, preferably attached to a facade made of polystyrene with the side facing away from the facade against a finishing plaster applied, if necessary, via reinforcement Weather influences are protected. It is also the subject of this stand technology an insulation board for this composite thermal insulation system.

The thermal insulation composite system or the previously known insulation board is characterized by the fact that between adjacent insulation boards in the area their roughly horizontal, adjoining edges provided with a flame retardant separating layer is switched on Fire in the event of foaming and curing of the flame retardant into one Interface stabilization leads. A separating layer is used, for example fabric coated and / or impregnated with the flame retardant, which is, for example, a glass fiber fabric with an open fabric structure is. Such a fabric can be prefabricated as an angle Extruded profile to be formed.

Finally, EP 0 019 181 A2 describes a method for producing fire-resistant Components with a thermally controlled partition effect are known. Such a component consists of a magnesium oxide chloride foam sheet, which has a fire protection putty at points where there is a risk of warping or cracking. For example, the fire protection cement is on at least one side surface of the Magnesium oxide chloride foam plate arranged. Fire protection putty is an expandable, fire-resistant mass that expands when exposed to fire, so that possibly occurring cracks or insulation weak points of the magnesium oxide chloride foam plate prevented or closed by a pressure build-up be given by the expansion of the fire protection putty and when arranging the fire protection putty on the side surfaces the magnesium oxide chloride foam board parallel to the large surfaces the magnesium oxide chloride foam sheet works.

Starting from the prior art described above, the invention has for its object to further develop a thermal and / or soundproofing element with fire protection function such that the disadvantages of the prior art described above are excluded, in particular the rapid fire expansion via building openings in the facade area is prevented.

The solution to this problem provides in a first embodiment that a strip of a non-combustible insulation material is attached to at least one side surface of the rigid foam plate, which extends over the entire length of the side surface, is rectangular in cross section and has a width with the Thickness of the rigid foam plate matches, and that the strip is glued to the side surface of the rigid foam plate.

In this embodiment, the hard foam plate is on a narrow side a strip of non-combustible insulation material arranged from polystyrene, so that in the event of a fire, this area is attacked by dripping, for example Melt is prevented. The other side faces are not necessarily covered with strips of non-combustible insulation, as that in fire protection through the sealing abutment of neighboring rigid foam panels or results from the applied plaster layer. Here it has proved to be advantageous, the strip with the side surface of the rigid foam plate to glue so that the strip is already factory-fitted to the Hard foam plate is provided. This configuration makes errors Prevents the use of such heat and / or sound insulation elements.

Nevertheless, it is provided according to a further feature of the invention that advantageously on two right-angled side surfaces a strip of non-combustible insulation is arranged, to the installation of such thermal and acoustic insulation elements Simplify so that incorrect installations in rough construction site operation are avoided become.

The strip of the non-combustible insulation material preferably consists of mineral fibers, in particular glass fibers, stone fibers or mixtures thereof, the fibers being bonded together with a binder.

Figur 1

ein Wärme- und/oder Schalldämmelement mit Brandschutzfunktion im Bereich eines Fenstersturzes bzw. einer Fensterlaibung;

Figur 2

das Wärme- und oder Schalldämmelement mit Brandschutzfunktion im Bereich unterhalb einer Fensterbank und

Figur 3

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Wärme- und/oder Schalldämmelementes mit Brandschutzfunktion im Bereich eines Blendrahmens eines Fensters oder einer Tür.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of the accompanying drawing, in which preferred embodiments of a thermal and / or soundproofing element according to the invention with fire protection function are shown. The drawing shows:

Figure 1

a heat and / or sound insulation element with fire protection function in the area of a lintel or window reveal;

Figure 2

the heat and or sound insulation element with fire protection function in the area below a window sill and

Figure 3

a further embodiment of a heat and / or sound insulation element with a fire protection function in the area of a frame of a window or a door.

A heat and / or sound insulation element shown in Figures 1 and 2 1 consists of a rigid foam insulation board 2, which is part of a Thermal insulation system is. The rigid foam insulation board 2 is on the Facade of a building using a mortar 4 forming a base coat attached. On the outside there is an external plaster 5 on the rigid foam insulation board 2 applied from a mortar.

The heat and / or sound insulation element 1 also has two side surfaces 6 running parallel to one another each have a strip 7 of one non-combustible insulation material, for example made of mineral fibers. The stripe 7 extends over the entire length of the side surface 6 and is glued to the rigid foam insulation board 2.

Both the base plaster 4 and the exterior plaster 5 are arranged in such a way that they extend over the rigid foam insulation panel 2 and the strips 7, that is, the exterior plaster 5, the entire heat and / or sound insulation element 1 in the area of a large surface 8 of the heat and / or Soundproofing element 1 covers.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the heat and / or sound insulation element 1 in the area of a building opening, namely a window in the Lintel area arranged. The heat and / or sound insulation element 1 extends itself with part of the strip 7 over the lintel, being between the protrusion of the strip 7 and a frame 9 another strip 10 is arranged, which together with the narrow side of the strip 7 the exterior plaster 5 is covered. The strip 10 is also with the base plaster 4 on the facade 3 in the area of the lintel glued. The strip 10 consists of a non-combustible insulating material.

The embodiment of Figure 2 shows the arrangement of the heat and / or Sound insulation element 1 below a window sill 11 in the area a frame 12 of a window.

Another embodiment of a heat and / or Sound insulation element 1 is shown in Figure 3. In the area of a frame 13 is in turn a rigid foam insulation board 2 on a base coat 4 glued on which base plaster 4 on the facade 3 of the not shown Building is applied. On the side surface facing the frame 13 6 of the rigid foam insulation board 2 is the strip 7 made of non-combustible Insulation arranged, the material thickness of the strip 7 with the Material thickness of the rigid foam insulation board 2 matches.

On the opposite side surface 6 of the rigid foam insulation board 2 another hard foam insulation panel 2 arranged flush. The hard foam insulation boards 2 and the strip 7 are with a two-layer exterior plaster 5 covered.

The strip 7 has in its surface 14 facing the frame 13 one over the entire length of the heat and / or sound insulation element 1 extending groove 15 into which a profile element 15 made of metal is inserted is. The profile element 16 is essentially L-shaped in cross section formed, the shorter leg engages in the groove 15 and the longer Leg part of the surface 14 and the end areas of the exterior plaster 5 covers. For this purpose, the profile element 16 has at its free end 17 a hook, which is essentially on the outer surface of the exterior plaster 5 rests. The profile element 16 thus complements the strip 7 in that that the applied exterior plaster 5 also in the event of heating of the heat and / or caused by fire Soundproofing element 1 is kept on the same.

It can be seen that between the frame 13 and the surface 14th of the strip 10, a gap 18 is provided, which with an elastic sealant can be filled in to ensure a tight connection of the heat and / or Achieve soundproofing element 1 on the frame 13, which too with thermal expansion of the frame 13 or the heat and / or Seals soundproofing element 1.

Claims (3)

1. Heat and/or sound insulating element with fire protecting function, which element consists of a solid foam board (2), e.g. made of expanded polystyrene, said solid foam board (2) being able to be fixed to a surface to be insulated, particularly the front face of a building or a roof surface, by means of adhesives and/or retaining elements, and being suitable for plaster to be applied to it, said solid foam board (2) including two large surfaces arranged parallel to each other and four lateral surfaces (6) joining said large surfaces substantially at right angles,
   characterized in that to at least one lateral surface (6) of said solid foam board (2) a strip (7) of a non-inflammable insulating material is fixed, which strip extends over the entire length of said lateral surface (6), is formed with a rectangular cross-section and has a width corresponding to the thickness of said solid foam board (2), and that said strip (7) is glued to the lateral surface (6) of said solid foam board (2).
2. Heat and/or sound insulating element according to claim 1,
   characterized in that on at least two lateral surfaces (6) joining each other at right angles a strip (7) of a non-inflammable insulating material is arranged, respectively.
3. Heat and/or sound insulating element according to claim 1,
   characterized in that said strip (7) of non-inflammable insulating material consists of mineral fibers, particularly glass fibers, rock fibers or mixtures thereof, said fibers being connected to each other by means of a binding agent.

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