DE3444815A1 - Wall or ceiling construction of a building - Google Patents

Abstract

A wall or ceiling construction of a building is described, in which a heat-insulating or soundproofing layer, which is optionally on a supporting structure as the underlying surface and comprises mineral fibre panels jointed in a sealing manner, is provided. Said heat-insulating or soundproofing layer is connected to a supporting layer which is formed from a coating comprising a mortar matrix and a reinforcement covered by the latter, which reinforcement bears optionally an inner or outer layer of plaster. In the case of said wall or ceiling construction provision is made according to the invention for the coating to be applied to the inner and outer side of the heat-insulating and soundproofing layer and to be configured on each mineral fibre panel as a prefabricated shell, fastened on each side of the panel, in which the mortar matrix exhibits a glass fibre reinforcement, and for the shells, arranged on the outer side of the heat insulation or soundproofing, to be connected to one another by means of bordering connections to the supporting layer which comprise strips of fabric or meshing arranged at the edges of the mineral fibre panels and incorporated by means of mortar.

Description

The invention relates to the construction of a building wall or a building ceiling according to the preamble of claim 1. A supporting structure is usually masonry or in-situ concrete. In particular, the invention relates to the construction of facades of multi-storey buildings because Mineral fibers are among the non-flammable building materials and high facades are fire-proof in this way can be made. In the case of external facades, the focus is generally on thermal insulation building physics considerations. The use of mineral fiber boards avoids plastics and thereby Objections, which for different reasons, e.g. from those of the living environment or because of the change

.. which polymers in the course of comparatively long

Useful life of a building can be subject to against

· 'Plastics are charged. With the ceiling construction

Such considerations are often also in the foreground, mostly the aspect of soundproofing is crucial.

As such, mineral fiber boards are great for many reasons unsuitable for forming an exterior surface of a building wall or ceiling; in particular, they lack that required strength and watertightness. Because, as a rule, it is these plates more or less flexible mineral fiber or glass fiber mats, which have a considerable amount of basically open pores between the fibers or threads. -The load-bearing layer provided according to the invention therefore consists in turn of non-combustible Fabrics to ensure fire safety. As a rule, this is not about the removal

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of loads resulting from the function of a load-bearing wall or a building ceiling, if that Functions are taken over by a load-bearing construction. That's why the load-bearing layer is in the Usually a comparatively thin layer, which in turn prevents water from penetrating the mineral fiber boards and on the other hand ensures stability, especially if an indoor or External plaster layer is provided to form a visible surface.

Such a building wall or ceiling structure only fulfills its function satisfactorily if its various structural elements, ie in particular its mineral fiber boards, reinforcement and mortar matrix, have been carefully and professionally executed and these building materials have been installed without prior impairment. On the one hand, this requires a considerable skill on the part of the craftsmen. For this reason, especially in the case of the external facades described, this work is carried out by differently qualified craftsmen, namely by bricklayers who produce the load-bearing structure, plasterers who carry out the heat and soundproofing layer with the base layer and the painters responsible for the external plaster. This work is difficult to coordinate and is labor-intensive. This often results in damage to the mineral fiber boards and reinforcing materials on the construction sites, | if these materials are not specially protected \ until they are used \ for transport and storage. {

The invention is based on a previously known building wall. \

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structure that is intended for external facades. This is the one mentioned at the beginning Thermal protection, i.e. avoiding the drainage of considerable amounts of heat from the building to the outside. The sound insulation is given by the mutual mobility of the mineral fibers in the mineral fiber panels, as the structure-borne noise in the Buildings can be attenuated, although the external sound can only be influenced to a small extent or not at all. The previously known structure is carried out on the spot. Here you first attach the mineral fiber boards on the supporting structure of the building, e.g. in masonry or concrete with mortar, which depend on the surface properties of the supporting structure. In particular, it depends whether they allow the use of an adhesive mortar and whether the adhesive strength is sufficient, so that additional fasteners such as dowel screws or the like can be dispensed with. at the largely common use of adhesive mortars, the board joints must be in order to avoid thermal bridges be kept free of adhesive mortar, which can be achieved by sealing the panels collides with each other.

As soon as the thermal or soundproofing layer is attached to the load-bearing building structure in this way the plasterers start coating. For this purpose, it is first applied to the outside of the Heat or soundproofing layer applied to about half of the mortar matrix, with one in the still soft Material of the matrix, which often consists of a metal mesh or a fabric reinforcement, impresses which is then applied to the still missing matrix.

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Only after the base course thus completed is hardened, the exterior plaster can be applied, which is often the case with plastic-bound and especially colored Cleaning is carried out by house painters.

The previously known building wall structure is, however, too expensive in the long run in several respects. Already the transport and storage of the mineral fiber boards causes considerable difficulties because the Unprotected mineral fibers damaged or loosened from their association in the event of excessive mechanical impact and because water penetrates the mineral fiber boards can, which justifies special protective measures. The described execution of the base course causes not only a considerable amount of work and requires trained craftsmen, the base layer obtained in this way is also due to their manufacture and structure relatively thick, which is material-intensive and occasionally because of the space required leads to difficulties. In addition, the fastening of an interior or exterior plaster on the outside the hardened base course does not succeed easily. As a rule, the outer surface must rather roughened and processed accordingly in order to ensure that the plaster interlocks sufficiently with the outer surface to ensure on which the plaster is applied.

The invention is based on the object of a building wall or ceiling structure of what is assumed to be known Art to create, its workload required for its production on the construction site and The cost of materials is lower than previously necessary, and it is also easier to apply a plaster intended in many cases

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occurs.

This object is achieved by the invention with the features of claim 1. Expedient embodiments of the Invention are the subject of the subclaims.

According to the invention .from the material for the Thermal or sound insulation layer and prefabricated parts made from the material for the base layer in a factory, in which the mineral fiber boards keep their properties unchanged during their storage and transport the finished base layer a largely watertight and mechanically highly resistant Protection forms. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that the watertightness is reinforced with glass fibers Cement matrix is a function of the layer thickness that is used in the manufacture of the precast elements choose and adhere to. The thicker the shell, the smaller it is Proportion of open pores that penetrate the shell, while conversely the number and size of the continuous ones The smaller the layer thickness that forms the shell, the larger the pores. That depends essentially related to the fact that the glass fibers are completely encased with the cement of the matrix In any case, this is not the case when the size of the cement grains compared with the diameter and the mutual distance between the glass fibers in the shell is relatively large. According to the invention, the reverse can therefore be achieved through the choice of aggregates · to cement, the choice of glass fibers and their dimensions, however the desired property in the subsequent base layer through the use of glass wool or glass silk bring about.

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It is therefore also possible to insulate the outer formwork can be influenced by the design of the shells arranged on the outside of the panels. if namely, if the volume of the through pores is varied accordingly, the sound waves can hit the shells penetrate and penetrate into the mineral fiber boards, where the sound is ultimately converted into heat and thereby is consumed.

On the other hand, it has been found that most plasters, especially those for external facades, are used The plastic-bound plasters seen on the outside of the shell not only adhere exceptionally firmly, '"= but also develop this property without any special post-treatment of the shell surfaces. which saves the work previously required on the construction site to prepare the hard surfaces. \

The invention has the advantage that the high tensile strength of the shells is sufficient for the mineral fiber boards against the mechanical stresses occurring during transport and storage on the construction site protects and also the mineral fiber boards as a rule without special, but in any case without special complex precautionary measures are protected against the ingress of water. That on the strength of the Shell-based, strong supporting structure enables the desired strength to be ensured with a relatively low matrix volume. The options described when choosing the one for the base course The materials used or the choice of their dimensions and design allow the construction

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physically required properties of the wall or - to take into account the ceiling structure to a much greater extent than before. The invention also enables a major simplification of the work to be carried out on the construction site. That is based not only on the formation of prefabricated parts from the materials of the heat or sound insulation layer and the base layer, but also on the fact that the structure of the prefabricated parts is chosen so that the on The work still to be carried out on the construction site is limited to activities which the house painter can be assigned. Because the grouting of the fabric or scrim that leads to the formation of the The base course is a job that is usually carried out by painters can. As a rule, the invention therefore enables the plasterers previously required to be saved.

According to the features of claim 2, the production of those provided according to the invention is simplified Prefabricated parts at the expense of a reduction in the tensile strength of the shells in their main planes or the thickness of the shell. If you look at the fibers of glass silk one-dimensional or two-dimensional arranged in the matrix, one uses its stress in the shell plane better, but has to on the other hand, ensure this arrangement in the manufacture of the shells, which can be done by pressing or dipping the glass fibers can be executed in the matrix, but is relatively expensive. The three-dimensional one is simpler Arrangement of the glass fibers, because then, for example, using spray guns with associated Schnitzel mills a largely mechanized manufacturing process realize that also

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visibly the formation of continuous pores delivers more favorable results in the shells.

The production of the finished parts provided according to the invention can also be made with the features of Simplify claim 3. If you only the two main sides of the mineral fiber boards, but not their joints with the matrix and the Mineral fiber reinforcement needs to be provided, the mineral fiber panels can be turned on assembly lines with one turn provided with the shells, with the fabric or grid strips attached to the panel joints, e.g. can be incorporated.

The implementation of the features of claim 4 is expedient because thereby already in the factory, i. In the manufacture of the prefabricated parts, the prerequisites for a continuous outer surface of the base layer were created will. On the spot, you only need the fabric or grid strips in the depressions the shells to be inserted and covered with mortar, in particular for thin layers of plaster to obtain the necessary continuous outer surface of the base course.

Claim 5 relates to the use of the inventive ideas presented above during the establishment of self-supporting building walls, which so far so far

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given at all only inadequate thermal insulation or;

Have soundproofing properties, but in each one;

In case of considerable effort to guarantee *

require their stability. That usually happens

with an elaborate steel or wooden frame, which \

the mineral fiber board carries which on the frame parts. {

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attached, e.g. hung up. The invention has in its use for such self-supporting building walls but not only the advantage of a

/ it lent simplification. It also allows due

the possible variations of the shells on the mineral fiber boards described above Realization of the client's requirements, which specify the level of sound insulation or thermal insulation.

In particular for the last-mentioned field of application of the invention, the implementation of the Features of claim 6. This achieves that the result of the compression higher inherent stiffness resulting from the mineral fibreboard

ability to reduce the requirements for the base layer or to reinforce the structure provided by the base layer given stability, can be exploited.

The details, other features and other advantages emerge from the following description of several examples of application of the invention based on the figures in the drawing; show it

Figure 1 in a standing arrangement and in section, a prefabricated part according to the invention,

Figure 2 shows a building wall structure according to the invention in section and in a broken representation, which is intended for an outside wall,

Figure 3 shows the structure of a building ceiling according to the invention in section and broken away,

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Figure 4 shows a modified embodiment of a building ceiling construction according to the invention in the figure 3 corresponding representation,

Figure 5 shows the use of a building wall or ceiling structure according to the invention in a cantilevered partition wall, which is shown here in longitudinal section is reproduced.

According to the illustration in FIG. 1, a prefabricated part, generally designated 1, is in its central area shown interrupted. This is a plate-shaped component, with the section lies parallel to two plate edges that are in turn parallel. The two cut plate edges 2,3 are in turn parallel, so that the plate-shaped component 1 is rectangular to square Has floor plan. According to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the plate-shaped component 1 consists of the main mass of a mineral fiber board 4, which, for example, made of staple fibers of glass wool or glass silk can be made. This mineral fiber board is before the manufacture of the component more or less compacted and therefore reduced to a fraction of the plate thickness. The two sides of the plate 5 and 6 have a coating. This coating consists on the one hand of a mass 7, namely a cement mortar, i.e. a mixture of j cement paste and sand, whereby in the extreme also the zu- j

beat can be omitted. In the matrix are three: dimensional glass fibers 8 embedded. On this |

As occur on the sides of the plate 5, 6 to ER '' hardening of the matrix depending on a shell 9 and 10 respectively. '

The two at the cut edges 2,3 in Figure 1 ■

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Half 17 free.

recognizable plate joints 11, 12 are free of coatings, so that the abutments on these 'the Mineral fibers of the plate 4 are exposed. On one of the two opposing plate joints 11, 12, the shell 10, which will later be on the outside, carries a fabric or grid strip 14. This is with one of its two longitudinal shafts 15 embedded in the edge area 16 of the later outer shell 10 and lies with the other

On the opposite plate joint 12 is for

/ of an adjacent prefabricated part half 17 ′ has a recess 18 ′ ″ in the surface 19 the shell 10 is provided, which consequently follows the plate edge 3. A corresponding arrangement is realized on the not cut and therefore not recognizable parallel plate edges.

From the figure 2 results with the help

the prefabricated parts shown in Figure 1 "possible structure an outer building wall. It is assumed that the supporting structure 20 of the general 19 designated building wall consists of in-situ concrete. The outer surface 21 therefore has limited adhesion for a plastic adhesive mortar 22, 'which on the Outside 21 is applied e.g. troweled on. With the help of the adhesive mortar layer 22, the later inner shells 9 of the two in Figure 2 with 23 and 24 designated prefabricated parts on the mortar layer 22 'brought to adhesion. To a reliable fastening of the mainly heat-insulating but also to a certain extent achieved in this way To achieve sound-absorbing layer 25 on the supporting structure 19 of the wall 20, are

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Drilled holes 2 6 in the wall 20 at the required intervals. The holes 26 take on corrosion-resistant plastic or metal dowels 27 with wide heads 28, on the underside of which the outer shell 10 of the finished parts 24 and 25 is supported.

The two plate joints that can be seen in Figure 2 are, like all other plate joints, of the heat or Soundproofing layer 25, as shown at 29, is somewhat compressed, which is due to the joint-tightness in front of one another impact of the mineral fiber boards is effected. The free half 17 of each fabric strip 14 is folded over into the plane of the outer shell 10, into the recess 18 of the adjacent panel edge inserted and mortared there. This creates a continuous surface 30 one of the support layer 31 formed by the shells 10 arranged on the outside.

An external plaster layer is applied to the base layer 31.

According to the representation of the figure "" there is the load-bearing Construction 19 from an in-situ concrete ceiling 3 3. With this is connected to the internally arranged shell 9 of the two finished parts shown '24 and 23, respectively. As shown at 29, the board joints are once again butted against one another in a joint-tight manner. On the outer shell 10 is the later applied ceiling plaster

The representation of FIG. 4 does not show the representation of FIG load-bearing construction. Metal profiles 35 are attached to this, which act as a counter bearing for the dowel

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serve, with which the adjacent prefabricated parts 23, 2 4 are attached. The effect is based on the. The outer shells 10 are supported on the underside of the dowel head 28 and covered by a ceiling plaster 34 the dowel heads.

The use of the building wall structure described above in a cantilevered partition wall 35 is made possible by the fact that the two

™ Shells 9, 10 existing base layer through

the plate edges 2, 3 arranged further shells

36; 37 is supplemented and reinforced. For this purpose, the shells 36 and 37 are just like the shells 9 and 10. built and.with these shells to form a structural unit tied together. The upper edge 3 of the board joint is provided with a rectangular recess 40

" Mistake. This creates a continuous groove 41

formed, which form a positive fit with a mounting strip 39 will. The mounting strip 39 can be a wood, plastic or metal profile act, in the latter case the formation of sound or heat pressures by an elastic Sheathing is avoided. As can be seen, the described shells 9,10 and 36, 37 form the Base course, which replaces a load-bearing structure.

Claims (8)

Claims 1. Building wall or ceiling construction, where applicable On a load-bearing structure, a heat and sound insulation layer consisting of joint-tight, butted mineral fiber boards as the subsurface is provided, with which a base layer is connected, which is covered by a coating of a mortar matrix and one of this covered reinforcement is formed, which optionally has an interior or External plaster layer, characterized in that the coating applied to the inside and outside of the heat and sound insulation layer (25) and on each Mineral fiber board (4) as a finished shell (9, 10) attached to each side of the board (5, 6) is executed in which the mortar matrix (7) has a glass fiber reinforcement (8), and that the on the outside of the heat or sound insulation layer (25) arranged shells (10) with the help of edge connections (14,), which are arranged on the edges (2, 3) of the mineral fiber boards (1, 23, 24) and grouted strips of fabric or mesh (17) exist, are connected to one another to form the load-bearing layer (31). 2. Building wall or ceiling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating on the two mineral fiber board sides (5, 6) are applied together with the cut glass fibers (8) by spraying. 444815 3. Building wall or ceiling structure according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the joints (29) of the mineral fiber boards from the shells and the Edge connections (14) are partly incorporated into the outer shell. 4. Building wall or ceiling structure according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the shells (9, 10) parallel to the plate edges (2, 3) extending edge depressions for inserting the Have fabric or grid strips (17). 5. Use of the building wall or ceiling structure in a cantilevered partition wall (35) in which the Base layer replaces a separate metal or wooden structure. 6. Building wall or ceiling structure according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that the mineral fiber boards (4) before the shells (9, 10, 36, 37) are compressed to increase this inherent stiffness. 7. Building wall or ceiling structure according to one of the Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the panel joints (2, 3) are in turn coated with shells (36, 37) which are attached to the plate sides (5, 6) Shells (9, 10) are connected to form a structural unit. ⁵ COPY 8. Building wall or ceiling structure according to one of the Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that one of the edge coatings (36, 37) a recess (40) for a form-fitting connection with a fixed part of the building Has profile (39). ¹ X) PY