EP0100016A2 - Dispositif d'ouverture pour un récipient parallèlépipédique contenant un fluide - Google Patents

Dispositif d'ouverture pour un récipient parallèlépipédique contenant un fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0100016A2
EP0100016A2 EP83106761A EP83106761A EP0100016A2 EP 0100016 A2 EP0100016 A2 EP 0100016A2 EP 83106761 A EP83106761 A EP 83106761A EP 83106761 A EP83106761 A EP 83106761A EP 0100016 A2 EP0100016 A2 EP 0100016A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
line
knife
roller
starting point
pouring spout
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83106761A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0100016B1 (fr
EP0100016A3 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Reil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
Original Assignee
Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
Tetra Pak Developpement SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA, Tetra Pak Developpement SA filed Critical Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
Priority to AT83106761T priority Critical patent/ATE47695T1/de
Publication of EP0100016A2 publication Critical patent/EP0100016A2/fr
Publication of EP0100016A3 publication Critical patent/EP0100016A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0100016B1 publication Critical patent/EP0100016B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/02—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body
    • B65D5/06—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body with end-closing or contents-supporting elements formed by folding inwardly a wall extending from, and continuously around, an end of the tubular body
    • B65D5/064—Rectangular containers having a body with gusset-flaps folded outwardly or adhered to the side or the top of the container
    • B65D5/065—Rectangular containers having a body with gusset-flaps folded outwardly or adhered to the side or the top of the container with supplemental means facilitating the opening, e.g. tear lines, tear tabs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/788—Tool pair comprises rotatable anvil and fixed-type tool
    • Y10T83/793—Anvil has motion in addition to rotation [i.e., traveling anvil]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9411—Cutting couple type
    • Y10T83/9449—Spaced cut forming tool

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an opening means on a parallelepipedic package for flowable filling material with four side walls, a bottom and an upper end wall made of double-sided plastic-coated carrier material, e.g. Cardboard, with at least one longitudinal sealing seam running in a pouring spout in at least one side wall and at least one transverse sealing seam in the bottom or the upper end wall, which has a double-layered triangular flap on two sides, the base of which is formed by an end embossing line and the inside thereof is connected to the interior of the pack along the base for forming the pouring spout, the pouring spout being able to be formed by tearing along a perforation line which passes through both layers of the triangular flap, which begins at a starting point under the front tip of the pouring spout and, after crossing the end stamp line, approximately in ends in the middle of the upper end wall.
  • double-sided plastic-coated carrier material e.g. Cardboard
  • Such parallelepipedic packs for milk or juices are known, which are opened by loosening one of the two triangular flaps folded down onto a side wall and fastening them there, placing them in the plane of the upper end wall and flattening them, after which, for example, scissors make a straight cut across the tip of the triangular tab is inserted to form the pouring spout. It has also been the endeavor to provide opening means for such liquid packs without the need for a separate tool which is often not available to the end user when needed.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide opening means on a parallelepipedic pack of the type mentioned at the outset, by means of which the creation of a sufficiently large head space on the one hand, an air inlet space at the rear end of the cut or the line on the other hand and finally and mainly avoiding the starting point which is too high is made possible so that the pouring jet can actually run precisely guided over the front tip of the pouring spout and its adjacent edges.
  • the perforation line in the lower triangular field of the triangular flap has a break point, from which its course towards the outer, lower starting point is directed much sharper towards the ground and that a continuous cutting line is provided at the starting point.
  • the perforation line is straight, there are also other shapes which form comparatively good opening means, and even these can be provided with the break point provided according to the invention, in which it suffices if as a condition From this point of inflection forward to the longitudinal seal seam, the course to the lower starting point is directed more sharply towards the floor. As a result, the critical starting point is shifted downward away from the front tip of the pouring spout.
  • the longitudinal sealing seam is a double cardboard strip, in which a sealing line is arranged. This makes the longitudinal seal seam liquid-tight.
  • the double-layered cardboard strip that forms the longitudinal sealing seam is somewhat wider than the sealing line itself.
  • the longitudinal boundaries of the longitudinal sealing seam are the end edge on the outside on the one hand, and a border embossing line on the inside, which runs parallel to the longitudinal sealing seam at its inner end.
  • the above-mentioned line crossing the longitudinal sealing seam when cutting or tearing off to create the pouring spout crosses the longitudinal sealing seam at the boundary stamping line, which cuts it at an angle. In this way, a point is defined, a limit point at which the aforementioned break point could just lie towards the longitudinal seal seam. Another point of intersection is the intersection of the perforation line and the oblique line.
  • the break point lies on a line which runs from the oblique stamp line to the limit stamp line between the front side wall and the longitudinal sealing seam.
  • the conditions and advantages mentioned at the outset are met or arise when the kink lies at any point on the line just described, starting at one limit point on the oblique beating line up to the other boundary point, namely on the boundary beating line. It is not expedient to arrange the break point outside this line section of the perforation line defined in this way.
  • the cutting line is provided through the later separating cut between two pack blanks running one behind the other. It has already been explained above that with all tolerances in the production of the liquid packs from cardboard, care should nevertheless be taken to ensure that there is a clear cut at the lower, outer starting point. In order to guarantee this, the pattern of the perforation line or its course with the cut end should be carefully prepared and placed correctly when the pack is cut. There is of course a later separating cut between two consecutive pack blanks.
  • the cutting line is now arranged so that it cannot disturb the welding lines in the longitudinal seal seams, it is nevertheless arranged on the border between two longitudinal seal seams in the area of the blanks in such a way that it runs over this later separating cut, then it is certainly also with
  • the creation of packs with tolerances ensures that there is a clear cut at the starting point of the perforation line.
  • the depth of cut of the entire perforation line extends from the outside through the outer plastic coating and through the carrier material to its interface on the inner plastic coating.
  • the cuts are provided according to the invention in such a way that they pass through the outer plastic coating and through the carrier material, but not through the inner layer, which in most cases is more developed than the outer plastic coating.
  • Practice has been successful shows that perforation lines formed in this way form a sufficient weakening and lines when torn, but ensure adequate tightness during transport.
  • a device is provided according to the invention, which is characterized in that a knife corresponding to the course of the perforation line is attached stationary over a roller which can be moved away at a certain distance below the cut edge, and the coated carrier material through the through this space formed is movable.
  • the manufacturing device for a parallelepipedic pack with the correct perforation line was previously not conceivable in specialist circles because the arrangement of a cut or a perforation line with a kink point was not economically possible.
  • the knife has two adjacent planar parts arranged at an angle to one another and is resiliently prestressed by a recess in a movable surface of the carrier material pressing stripper is provided protruding. It is very useful to design the perforation line as a straight line or as two straight lines separated by an inflection point.
  • Such knives are easy to manufacture and hold precisely, for example by clamping. So that the packaging material to be processed can be easily removed from the knife after the cut, the scraper is attached, the recess of which encompasses the knife outline to a relatively narrow extent, so that a precise introduction of the cut and detachment of the paper from the knife are possible.
  • the roller is movably guided in the recess of a stationary roller guide, and the roller guide has a horizontal section in the region of the knife and a lifting section at both ends of which is directed obliquely downwards from the knife. Due to the stationary arrangement, the roller guide can be arranged exactly at a distance from the knife or its knife carrier, so that the roller has an exact distance from the lower knife edge in the horizontal section and holds.
  • the lifting sections lead the roll out of engagement with the packaging material, so that the latter can be transported further through the space under the knife when the roll is located in the lifting sections.
  • roller is held by means of ball bearings on a shaft, which in turn is held in separate roller bearings in the roller guide, and if the diameter of the roller is larger than the diameter of the ball bearing in the roller guide.
  • the roll diameter must be larger than the diameter of the ball bearing in the roll guide so that the roll can come under pressure with the paper and touch the paper.
  • this also results in different peripheral speeds for the roller on the one hand and its ball bearing on the other. This in turn requires the roller to be stored separately and the shaft separately.
  • two cutting devices with knives and rollers which are connected to one another via a connecting link, are provided at an interval and are driven intermittently. If one arranges the perforation line described in the middle where the longitudinal sealing seam does not protrude in a tab-like manner, then a single cutting device with knife and roller is sufficient. Then, however, at least in the middle of the side wall of the package under the triangular flap with the pouring spout, the user cannot take up larger areas for gripping and tearing off the triangular cone because the triangular cone to be torn off is small.
  • the longitudinal sealing seam at the front under the pouring spout
  • the area of the triangular top to be torn off increases because the longitudinal sealing seam can also be used as a gripping surface.
  • the double perforation line must be designed so that one half is arranged on one side and the other on the other side of the blank. The distance therebetween is bridged Getting Connected plate in the apparatus for producing the opening means by the V.
  • the wipers can then again be arranged, the recess of which is close to the knife and as small as possible, so that the paper is held in a defined manner and the cutting depth can be set exactly.
  • Figure 7 is first explained. There you can see from the parallelepiped pack the two front side wall parts 2 and 2 ', which are connected by the longitudinal sealing seam 4 running into the pouring spout 3 to the welding line 5 to form the front side wall. One can also see the two upper end wall parts 6 and 6 ', which are connected by the transverse sealing seam 7 to form the upper end wall. The lower edges forming the pouring spout 3, which are formed by the perforation line 8, are essential.
  • this perforation line 8 runs between the tearable triangular tip 9 and the packaging material sides from the transverse sealing seam 7 downwards in such a way that initially the rear straight part 8a is formed, which extends to the bending point 10, that is to say beforehand the end stamping line 11 (FIG. 6) and then the oblique stamping line 12.
  • the kink 10 is therefore in each case in the lower triangular field 13 or 13 'of the double triangular lobe, which is only indicated in FIG. 7. From the break point 10 . From the course to the outer, lower starting point 14 is directed much sharper towards the bottom of the package. From Figure 6, the different inclination of the part 8b thus formed between the points 10 and 14 can be seen the perforation line 8 in comparison - equal to the other part 8a.
  • the longitudinal seal seam 4 is delimited towards the inside by the border line 15.
  • the section between this boundary line 15 and the bent inclined part 8b of the perforation line 8 is defined as the boundary point 16. If you now draw a straight or curved line from this boundary point 16 (e.g. following the perforation line 8) to the oblique line 12, then it is expedient if the break point 10 lies between the boundary point 16 and the intersection line of the perforation line 8 with the oblique line 12, including of these two border points 16 and 8/12. In the preferred embodiment of Figure 6, the kink 10 is between these two locations, i.e. forward below the oblique embossed line 12 on the one hand and above the limit point 16 on the other.
  • the perforation line 8 begins with a cut 21 or gate, which bridges the later separating cut 20, so that when the web is cut apart to separate the upper cut from the lower at the starting point 14, a cut is certainly provided even if the later separating cut in the track slightly above or below the due to tolerances the knife edge comes to rest.
  • This perforation section 8b extends from the starting point 14, which is shown in FIG. 5 as the intersection between the perforation line section 8b and the later separating section 20, up to the break point 10. Thereafter, the slope or the angle of the perforation line 8 changes with respect to the direction of the arrow 19 and the web edges lying parallel to this, for example also those edges which later form the transverse sealing seam 7.
  • This second perforation line section 8a then crosses the oblique embossing line 12, finally the end embossing line 11 and then runs obliquely into the edge which later forms the transverse sealing seam 7.
  • the longitudinal sealing seam 4, 5 extends into the pouring spout 3 in the package formed according to these blanks, the user can tear off a larger triangular tip 9, the area (FIG. 6) of which is evidently enlarged by the longitudinal sealing seam.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 show the arrangement for achieving the desired depth of cut.
  • the packaging material generally designated 18, the carrier material 22 of which is provided on the outside of the package with the plastic layer 23 made of polyethylene on the top and on the inner side later with the thicker plastic layer 24, also made of polyethylene.
  • the knife, generally designated 25, consists of two flat knife parts 27 and 28 separated by the edge 26, both of which carry comb-like teeth 29 and the continuous knife 30 at the bottom, around the short cuts of the perforation line (mainly in the knife part 28) and the continuous ones To be able to make a cut with the knife part 27.
  • the roller 31 lies at a certain distance from the lower edge 32 of the knife 25, this distance corresponding exactly to the thickness of the lower plastic coating 24. In this way it is possible that the depth of cut equals the sum of the thickness the outer plastic layer 23 plus the thickness of the carrier material layer 22.
  • a roller guide 34 with a recess 35 located therein is fastened to a roller guide carrier 33 below the plane with the carrier material web 18, here called the paper plane for short.
  • the stationary roller guide 34 one can see the three sections of the recess 35, namely the horizontal middle section 35a and the lifting sections 35b, which are positioned on the outside at an angle downward from the knife 25.
  • the ball bearing 36 of the shaft 37 of the roller 31 is guided in this recess 35.
  • the lower paper guide 37 ′′ is placed on the stationary roller guide 34 in the form of an externally folded sheet, in which a recess 38 is provided, through which the roller 31 can reach as it moves along the movement according to the double arrow 38 ′.
  • FIG. 3 is considered, which is a schematic and partially broken view of the top view of FIG. 1 along the section line III-III, the direction of view for the lower part of FIG. 1 means the view of FIG. 3 from below in the direction of FIG Paper run, which is also indicated in Figure 3 with the arrow 19.
  • FIG. 1 is a * representation with a view in the direction of arrow 1 in FIG. 3. This changed viewing direction for half above or below the paper plane in FIG. 1 is due to the fact that the essential Chen parts of the invention can be seen quickly and clearly from Figure 1 in this way.
  • the paper web 18 can be guided in the direction of the arrow 19 through the space between the lower paper guide 37 "and a stripper 39. This takes place intermittently in such a way that the carrier material web 18 is pushed so far under the knife 25 that the perforation line after the paper web has been pressed in comes to rest in the correct position from below over the knife edge 32.
  • the roller 31 is located in the lifting areas 35b of the roller guide 34.
  • the axis or shaft 37 of the roller 31 is then controlled 3, the roller 31, for example, moves from the position shown in the direction of the arrow 40 to the right under the knife until each point of the knife edge 32 has made the desired incision in the paper web when the roller 31 rolls away the roller 31 is again outside the engagement area of the knife 25 in order to then go into the excavation area 35b, e.g. in Figure 1 on the right.
  • the wiper 39 is arranged under springs 41 loosely under the knife carrier 42 via springs 41.
  • an adjustment plate 43 of circular, flat shape is attached under the knife holder 44 and fastened by means of four screws 45.
  • the scraper 39 which is movably arranged in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper web 18, therefore presses against the paper web 18 or its coated surface 23 from above and presses the web 18 against the roller 31 with a certain pressure, thus after the paper web 18 has engaged with the knife 25 this can be pulled out of the paper web correctly and exactly.
  • the compression springs 41 are weak so that the stripper 39 generates only little friction during the movement phase of the paper web 18.
  • the recess 46 can also be seen in the stripper 39, which presses movably on the surface of the carrier material 18 (resiliently pretensioned).
  • This recess 46 lies relatively close to the cutting edge 32 lying under the knife parts 27 and 28, i.e. close to the knife 25 with a small area so that the paper web 18 is held in a defined manner and the depth of cut can be precisely aligned.
  • the knife 25 is clamped via screws 47 with: a clamping part 48 to a fastening block 49, which in turn is mounted on the knife carrier 42 by means of screws 50. This is attached to the roller guide carrier 33 by means of screws 51.
  • the roller 31 Under the scraper 39, which protrudes in Figure 3 over the right edge of the paper web 18, the roller 31 is shown, which in front of it. Activity is in the position shown and is moved to introduce the perforation line 8 in the direction of arrow 40.
  • rollers 31 and 31 ' which can be moved next to one another via the stroke H in the direction of the double arrow 40 1 .
  • Both roller devices are connected to one another and to the drive 55 via the connecting lugs 54.
  • the web After advancing the paper web 18 under the cutting and rolling device, the web is stopped when the knife 25 is in the correct position over the blanks, and then the drive 55 moves both rollers 31 and 31 'to the left from the position shown in FIG , ie thus in the opposite direction to arrow 40.
  • the cut for the perforation line 8 is made by passing over the knife area.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
EP83106761A 1982-07-17 1983-07-09 Dispositif d'ouverture pour un récipient parallèlépipédique contenant un fluide Expired EP0100016B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83106761T ATE47695T1 (de) 1982-07-17 1983-07-09 Oeffnungsmittel an einer parallelepipedischen packung fuer fliessfaehiges fuellgut.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823226879 DE3226879A1 (de) 1982-07-17 1982-07-17 Oeffnungsmittel an einer parallelepipedischen packung fuer fliessfaehiges fuellgut
DE3226879 1982-07-17

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0100016A2 true EP0100016A2 (fr) 1984-02-08
EP0100016A3 EP0100016A3 (en) 1985-01-02
EP0100016B1 EP0100016B1 (fr) 1989-11-02

Family

ID=6168719

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83106761A Expired EP0100016B1 (fr) 1982-07-17 1983-07-09 Dispositif d'ouverture pour un récipient parallèlépipédique contenant un fluide

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US4581008A (fr)
EP (1) EP0100016B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5937142A (fr)
AT (1) ATE47695T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU553513B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1203511A (fr)
DE (2) DE3226879A1 (fr)
ES (2) ES284412U (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL9301691A (nl) * 1993-09-30 1995-04-18 Korthofah Bv Inrichting voor het aanbrengen van een scheursnede in een foliebaan.
CN111761871A (zh) * 2020-06-28 2020-10-13 安庆市芊芊纸业有限公司 一种纸杯模切机

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SE451321B (sv) * 1985-07-02 1987-09-28 Tetra Pak Ab Hellkant vid forpackningsbehallare
US5215516A (en) * 1989-04-04 1993-06-01 The Langston Machine Company Limited Box making apparatus
US5233845A (en) * 1990-03-21 1993-08-10 Andrade Bruce M D Three dimensional, detailed, sculptured jewelry
SE502399C2 (sv) * 1991-02-14 1995-10-16 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Med öppningsanvisning försedd förpackningsbehållare
US5255588A (en) * 1992-06-02 1993-10-26 Plastofilm Industries, Inc. Apparatus for making accurate cuts in thermoformed articles
BR9808463A (pt) * 1997-04-04 2000-08-29 Sig Combibloc Inc Embalagem e processos para fabricar uma embalagem possuindo uma abertura por rasgamento e para abrir uma embalagem
US6241646B1 (en) 1998-02-09 2001-06-05 Sig Combibloc Inc. Tear-away container spout
US6766941B1 (en) 1998-02-09 2004-07-27 Sig Combibloc, Inc. Tear-away container top
US6098874A (en) * 1998-02-09 2000-08-08 Sig Combibloc Inc. Tear-away container top
EP1261526A1 (fr) * 2000-03-08 2002-12-04 Crystal B.V. Boite etanche et son procede et dispositif de fabrication
US6296913B1 (en) 2000-04-05 2001-10-02 D'andrade Mary Ann Three dimensional, detailed, sculptured item
US6688515B1 (en) * 2000-10-23 2004-02-10 Meadwestvaco Corporation Bagless container with reclosable fitment
DE10204521B4 (de) * 2002-02-05 2006-04-13 Sig Combibloc Systems Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Haftung der einzelnen Schichten eines Verbundmaterials
CN114603926B (zh) * 2022-04-01 2024-02-09 宁波荣华数码印刷设备有限公司 一种双刀型压痕机

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL9301691A (nl) * 1993-09-30 1995-04-18 Korthofah Bv Inrichting voor het aanbrengen van een scheursnede in een foliebaan.
CN111761871A (zh) * 2020-06-28 2020-10-13 安庆市芊芊纸业有限公司 一种纸杯模切机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3226879A1 (de) 1984-01-19
DE3226879C2 (fr) 1991-01-24
AU553513B2 (en) 1986-07-17
EP0100016B1 (fr) 1989-11-02
JPS5937142A (ja) 1984-02-29
ES8502941A1 (es) 1985-02-01
DE3380790D1 (en) 1989-12-07
US4703876A (en) 1987-11-03
ES533060A0 (es) 1985-02-01
ES284412U (es) 1985-06-01
CA1203511A (fr) 1986-04-22
AU1685183A (en) 1984-01-19
EP0100016A3 (en) 1985-01-02
ATE47695T1 (de) 1989-11-15
US4581008A (en) 1986-04-08

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