EP0087108B1 - Elektrodenanordnung für kapazitive Schutzzäune - Google Patents

Elektrodenanordnung für kapazitive Schutzzäune Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0087108B1
EP0087108B1 EP83101441A EP83101441A EP0087108B1 EP 0087108 B1 EP0087108 B1 EP 0087108B1 EP 83101441 A EP83101441 A EP 83101441A EP 83101441 A EP83101441 A EP 83101441A EP 0087108 B1 EP0087108 B1 EP 0087108B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrode arrangement
conducting wires
arrangement
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83101441A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0087108A1 (de
Inventor
Herbert Foissner
Peter Dr.-Ing. Kupec
Uwe Metzner
Peer Dr.-Ing. Thilo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19828204566 external-priority patent/DE8204566U1/de
Priority claimed from DE19823205837 external-priority patent/DE3205837A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19828204572 external-priority patent/DE8204572U1/de
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0087108A1 publication Critical patent/EP0087108A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0087108B1 publication Critical patent/EP0087108B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/26—Electrical actuation by proximity of an intruder causing variation in capacitance or inductance of a circuit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrode arrangement for capacitive protective fences, an electrode having at least one electrical lead wire stretched approximately parallel to the ground, and a plurality of electrodes being arranged one below the other.
  • the environment is often used in addition to building protection, e.g. secured with a protective fence to prevent unauthorized entry or at least to make it more difficult.
  • a protective fence to prevent unauthorized entry or at least to make it more difficult.
  • capacitive protective fences are set up that trigger an alarm if an intruder approaches or tries to penetrate them.
  • Objects requiring special security e.g. Nuclear power plants, military plants, production facilities at risk, require extremely safe room protection systems.
  • Capacitive protective fences have a number of electrodes made of longitudinally stretched wires, which are attached to masts at certain intervals using insulators. The capacitances between the individual electrodes or the capacitances to the earth are measured and evaluated and an alarm or an interference criterion is derived from them. Since such outdoor systems are particularly easy to protect against environmental influences, e.g. Wire thickening due to rain or by placing a bird on the electrode, which are more sensitive to interference than room protection systems in closed buildings, various measures are taken to avoid false alarms, so-called false alarms. Such measures are generally implemented in terms of circuitry. With the help of complicated measurement and evaluation methods, attempts are made to reduce the false alarms to a minimum with a sufficiently high sensitivity of the capacitive protective fence.
  • DE-AS 1 238364 describes an electrical alarm system for securing predetermined floor areas, e.g. Terrain sections, against unauthorized approach of moving objects, especially people, described.
  • the known capacitive protective fence in which several electrodes are arranged one below the other and run parallel to the floor, one electrode being formed by a lead wire, has circuitry measures with which weather influences can be compensated.
  • a bird sitting on an electrode wire which generally has a circular cross section, causes a change in capacitance which is smaller the larger the diameter of the wire.
  • the rain which is stored on the wires in the form of droplets hanging side by side, also causes a change in capacity.
  • the larger the wire diameter the smaller this change in capacity. This means that the wire diameter of the electrodes would have to be made considerably larger.
  • this has the disadvantage that the wires become heavy and mechanical problems arise.
  • larger birds can then sit on the wires again.
  • the usual electrode arrangement for capacitive protective fences has longitudinally stretched wires which are arranged at certain intervals and which generally have a circular cross section.
  • the electrodes are arranged vertically one above the other and parallel to one another horizontally to the ground on masts, an electrode generally having a single lead wire.
  • an electrode according to the invention has a lead wire with a rectangular conductor cross section, the narrow side of which is considerably smaller than the broad side thereof. This gives the electrode the shape of a strip conductor.
  • the very small narrow side of the strip conductor for example of 0.1 mm compared to a width of 3 mm, makes it difficult for birds to attach it due to the cutting effect.
  • This strip conductor is arranged on the capacitive protective fence in such a way that a narrow side points downwards, that is, the electrode forms an upright strip.
  • the water is stored on the side, the broad side of the strip conductor, when it rains. Uniform droplet formation on the lower edge (narrow side of the strip conductor) is practically impossible.
  • the lower flow resistance for the water on the side surfaces (broad side of the strip conductor) enables the water to be transported quickly along the strip conductor. A water film on the lower edge is sucked up from the side surface, so that no drops can form on the lower edge of the electrode.
  • the electromagnetic field is formed between two electrodes arranged one above the other, so that the field lines emerge mainly on the respective narrow side and the edges of the strip conductor.
  • the water located on the broad sides of the strip conductor thus advantageously has no disruptive influence on the capacity conditions of the protective fence.
  • a further embodiment of an electrode is provided by at least two conductors arranged close to one another, which have a circular shape can have a conductor cross-section.
  • two conductors can be provided, which are arranged parallel to one another and form a double conductor.
  • the double conductor can expediently be arranged upright. In the respective gusset between such a double conductor, the water collects when it rains, so that drop formation on the underside of the electrode is prevented, similar to that of the strip conductor.
  • two conductors can also be arranged in a twisted manner, which may also have braided pieces of wire at certain intervals, so that the electrode has the shape of a barbed wire.
  • This has the advantage that defined draining points are arranged, which cause the water film that forms to drip off rapidly when it rains.
  • a further electrode which is formed from at least three conductors which are arranged on a circumference with a predetermined radius.
  • the lead wires can be held at the desired distance from one another, for example with a disk made of insulating material, on the circumference of which the conductors are arranged in notches.
  • Such an electrode shape forms a multiple conductor, which consists of at least three generally very thin wires or conductors. This has the advantage that the wires have a very small diameter so that birds can no longer touch them.
  • the relatively thin wire i.e. due to the small conductor cross-section
  • droplet formation in the rain hardly disturbing, because the only very small drops on the underside of the conductor do not cause a disturbing change in capacity.
  • the electrode shape according to the invention results in an apparent radius of the electrode which is smaller than the radius of the circumference on which the conductors are arranged, but which is considerably larger than the radius of the individual conductor cross section.
  • the insulating washer also serves as a drip device.
  • an electrode is provided by a lead wire which has the shape of an elongated coil spring. At defined intervals, this has deep-lying points where the small drops of water can collect to form a larger drop and thus drain off.
  • a straight, longitudinally stretched wire on which a very thin film of water forms when it rains, which then leads to small droplets at approximately uniform intervals, the raindrops are formed more rapidly in the inventive electrode.
  • the thin water film has a very high flow resistance with an elongated wire, which causes a very slow dripping. When the wind is very strong, the drops can be pushed together like a string of pearls. The resulting very large drops lead to a leap in capacity when drained, which causes a false alarm.
  • the stretched helical spring-shaped electrode With the stretched helical spring-shaped electrode according to the invention, such disturbances cannot occur and lead to a false alarm, since the wind cannot drive the drops uphill. Only small drops form at defined intervals, which cause only a very small change in capacity when dripping, which can be taken into account when evaluating the change in capacity.
  • the stretched coil spring has an apparent radius that is larger than the actual radius of the wire. This apparent radius is decisive for the capacity conditions on the protective fence.
  • the electrode In order to quickly drain off the water stored on the lead wires, the electrode can be inclined with respect to the horizontal. A slight inclination of the electrode of less than 5 ° is sufficient.
  • a ribbon-shaped electrode E1 is shown in cross section.
  • the cross section Q of the electrode E1 has the shape of a rectangle, the narrow side SS of which is very small compared to the broad side BS, e.g. 0.1 mm to 3 mm.
  • the electrode is arranged on the protective fence in such a way that a narrow side SS points downward.
  • a water film W forms on the broad side BS, ie on the weak field side of the upright strip conductor.
  • the water film has only a minor influence on the change in capacitance, because the electric field is primarily on the edges and on the narrow side of the electrodes has its greatest field strength.
  • a water film W located on the narrow side SS of the strip is sucked up by the side surface BS because of the low flow resistance, so that no water drops changing the capacity of the protective fence can form on the lower narrow side SS of the strip conductor.
  • Such a belt can hold a large amount of water on the broad sides BS because the water cross section W can become large. With a slight incline (less than 5 °), the water drips off relatively quickly if the amount of water on the side surface has become too large. With the round wires commonly used, an inclination of more than 10 ° would be required.
  • the electrode E2 has shown in section two conductors L1 and L2 packed close together with the cross sections Q1 and Q2, the conductors L1 and L2 being twisted together.
  • the water W can be stored in the respective gusset between the conductors L1 and L2 when it rains. Seen in section, it forms a water wedge W.
  • the water W here behaves similarly to the first exemplary embodiment, electrode E1 according to FIG. 1.
  • the relatively large water cross section W in the gusset of the conductors L1 and L2 has a relatively low flow resistance along the conductor Consequence, so that a slight suction of the water film that is formed in particular on the underside of the electrode (E2) is ensured.
  • the two conductors L1 and L2 can also be arranged parallel to one another and, like the strip conductor (electrode El), can be arranged upright on the capacitive protective fence. The situation is similar to that of electrode E1.
  • an electrode E2 according to FIG. 3 made of twisted conductors L1 and L2 is shown in perspective. There, small pieces of wire ST are braided at regular intervals, so that a barbed wire-shaped electrode results. This creates defined draining points for the water. An inclination of the electrode to the horizontal is no longer necessary.
  • the electrode E3 is a triple conductor, which consists of three thin individual conductors L1, L2 and L3, each having a circular cross section Q1, Q2 and Q3 and having a diameter of 2 Ro.
  • These three conductors L1 to L3 are arranged in parallel at a uniform distance from one another, so that the three conductors L1 to L3 with their cross sections Q1 to Q3 lie on a circumference with the radius R in the sectional view. They form an equilateral triangle.
  • the radius Ro of the conductor is very small, this arrangement results in an electrode E that has an apparent radius Rs that has the following size: where n is the number of conductors.
  • the apparent radius Rs increases with a large number of thin conductors (n at least equal to 3).
  • the small radius Ro of the respective conductors (L1 to Ln) of the electrode E prevents birds from touching down. If, however, a very small bird sits on a wire of the electrode, the influence is not noticeable, because with the large apparent radius Rs of the electrode E the change in capacitance is relatively small and does not lead to a false alarm.
  • droplet formation in the rain on the underside of the conductors (L1 to Ln) has no disruptive influence, because there is a field-weak area of the electrode because the electrode has an apparent radius Rs for the electrical field of the capacitive protective fence, as explained above .
  • the electrode E3 according to FIG. 5 is shown in perspective, with drip devices AV being arranged at certain intervals, which may be uniform, which advantageously allow a defined dripping.
  • These draining devices AV can simultaneously serve as spacers between the individual conductors L1 to L3 of the triple conductor.
  • a stretched helical spring-shaped electrode E4 is shown, which has a single conductor L1.
  • Defined draining points can also be provided in other electrode shapes and arrangements if rings or similar draining devices are arranged on the electrode wires at certain intervals.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
EP83101441A 1982-02-18 1983-02-15 Elektrodenanordnung für kapazitive Schutzzäune Expired EP0087108B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19828204566 DE8204566U1 (de) 1982-02-18 1982-02-18 Elektrode fuer kapazitive schutzzaeune
DE19823205837 DE3205837A1 (de) 1982-02-18 1982-02-18 Elektrodenanordnung fuer kapazitive schutzzaeune
DE8204566U 1982-02-18
DE8204572U 1982-02-18
DE3205837 1982-02-18
DE19828204572 DE8204572U1 (de) 1982-02-18 1982-02-18 Elektroden fuer kapazitive schutzzaeune

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0087108A1 EP0087108A1 (de) 1983-08-31
EP0087108B1 true EP0087108B1 (de) 1986-06-04

Family

ID=27189910

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83101441A Expired EP0087108B1 (de) 1982-02-18 1983-02-15 Elektrodenanordnung für kapazitive Schutzzäune

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4579317A (enExample)
EP (1) EP0087108B1 (enExample)
AR (1) AR231776A1 (enExample)
DE (1) DE3363860D1 (enExample)
ES (1) ES278033Y (enExample)
GR (1) GR77969B (enExample)
MX (1) MX153461A (enExample)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012107412A1 (de) * 2012-08-13 2014-05-28 Jaromir Remes Aktivitätssensorik, Boden- oder Wandaufbauherstellungsverfahren sowie Aktivitätsauswerteverfahren

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1221682C (zh) * 2000-03-17 2005-10-05 新日本制铁株式会社 镀敷金属丝、其制造方法及制造装置
US6452495B2 (en) * 2001-04-27 2002-09-17 Sang J. Choi Security barbed wire

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US277374A (en) * 1883-05-08 Electrical conductor
US2314798A (en) * 1939-08-15 1943-03-23 American Steel & Wire Co Composite electric conductor strand
US3047849A (en) * 1960-11-21 1962-07-31 Mosler Res Products Inc Electronic intrusion protection array system
US3230518A (en) * 1961-03-20 1966-01-18 American District Telegraph Co Method of detecting intruders and intruder detection apparatus of the capacity-type utilizing balanced asymmetric fields
DE1238364B (de) * 1963-01-31 1967-04-06 Siemens Ag Elektrische Alarmanlage
US3366854A (en) * 1965-04-21 1968-01-30 Charles A Cowsert Pest repelling apparatus and methods
US3504892A (en) * 1968-11-19 1970-04-07 Sta Tite Corp Self-contained electric fence control cable
US3980277A (en) * 1972-04-14 1976-09-14 Nitro-Nobel A.B. Device for fence consisting of a number of posts with electrically conducting conductors and a high tension unit
US4028489A (en) * 1975-12-12 1977-06-07 Berg Jr Albert T Plastic nail-on electric fence insulator
GB2040093B (en) * 1979-01-27 1983-06-15 Shorrock Dev Instrusion detector
US4346373A (en) * 1980-04-08 1982-08-24 Hassman Gregory V Intrusion warning system utilizing a differential electric field

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012107412A1 (de) * 2012-08-13 2014-05-28 Jaromir Remes Aktivitätssensorik, Boden- oder Wandaufbauherstellungsverfahren sowie Aktivitätsauswerteverfahren
DE102012107412B4 (de) * 2012-08-13 2016-03-24 Jaromir Remes Aktivitätssensorik, Boden- oder Wandaufbauherstellungsverfahren sowie Aktivitätsauswerteverfahren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES278033U (es) 1986-07-16
ES278033Y (es) 1987-04-01
DE3363860D1 (en) 1986-07-10
MX153461A (es) 1986-10-20
US4579317A (en) 1986-04-01
EP0087108A1 (de) 1983-08-31
AR231776A1 (es) 1985-02-28
GR77969B (enExample) 1984-09-25

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