EP0086014B1 - Verfahren zur Erzeugung und Stabilisierung eines reversiblen Zweiweg-Gedächtnisseffektes in einer Cu/Al/Ni- oder einer Cu/Al-Legierung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Erzeugung und Stabilisierung eines reversiblen Zweiweg-Gedächtnisseffektes in einer Cu/Al/Ni- oder einer Cu/Al-Legierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0086014B1
EP0086014B1 EP83200130A EP83200130A EP0086014B1 EP 0086014 B1 EP0086014 B1 EP 0086014B1 EP 83200130 A EP83200130 A EP 83200130A EP 83200130 A EP83200130 A EP 83200130A EP 0086014 B1 EP0086014 B1 EP 0086014B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy
temperature
subjected
stabilization
memory effect
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Expired
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EP83200130A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0086014A1 (de
Inventor
Joachim Dr. Albrecht
Thomas Dr. Duerig
Olivier Dr. Mercier
Walter Weber
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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Priority to AT83200130T priority Critical patent/ATE23570T1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/006—Resulting in heat recoverable alloys with a memory effect

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for generating and stabilizing a two-way memory effect according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for Cu / Al / Ni and Cu / Al alloys in order to induce a considerable reversible two-way memory effect in these substances and, if appropriate, to stabilize this effect in such a way that the alloys used for components that can be used in practice can be produced.
  • thermomechanical or heat treatments are highlighted by a frame.
  • the diagram does not need any further explanation. Process example in parentheses.
  • FIG. 2 shows a time / temperature diagram of the sequence of the individual method steps corresponding to the flow diagram of FIG. 1.
  • 1 represents the usual solution annealing mostly at approx. 850 ° C. H. the conversion of the alloy into the structural state of the ⁇ mixed crystal, 2 the subsequent water quenching to carry the metastable state to room temperature.
  • 3 is the critical deformation step necessary to achieve a memory effect and to shape the component, which takes place at room temperature or in principle at any below 300 ° C temperature can be performed. After this deformation, the workpiece does not necessarily have to be relieved. In the event of deformation above room temperature, it can be cooled.
  • step 5 is the step of shape stabilization, which is carried out at 150 to 425 ° C (in this case 300 ° C) under tension, i. H. with simultaneous application of a load. Subsequently, cooling can be carried out slowly according to 6. From step 3, the state according to step 5 can optionally also be reached via step 4 (maintaining the temperature). 7 and 8 illustrate an optional one-way effect treatment followed by slow cooling. However, these steps can also be omitted. The additional advantageous step of martensite stabilization with subsequent slow cooling is shown in sections 9 and 10. Finally, there is the optional but advantageous two-way effect zero stabilization according to section 1 and the slow cooling 12.
  • Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the two-way effect using the example of a bending rod.
  • the deflection (deflection) is plotted in mm as a function of the temperature T in ° C. If you go through a temperature cycle between about room temperature and 200 ° C, the reversible out according to hysteresis curves becomes steering achieved. Curve 13 corresponds to the effect without, curve 14 to that with martensite stabilization. The quantitative improvement due to the martensite stabilization is clearly evident.
  • the maximum achievable deflection difference of approx. 5 mm between the high and low temperature phase corresponds in this case to an elongation e of approx. 1.3%.
  • Fig. 4 an experimental device for bending rods is shown schematically.
  • 15 is the memory alloy bending rod.
  • 16 represents a clamping device for the bending rod, that is to say the so-called fixed point.
  • 17 is a cord which is guided over a cable pulley 18 and is slightly tensioned by means of a counterweight 19.
  • the cord 17 is attached to the movable end of the bending bar 15.
  • the counterweight 19 is dimensioned such that it only surely overcomes the frictional forces during the movement process.
  • the arrow represents the direction of movement of the deflection of the bending rod 15, which, when fully deflected (deflection), reaches the position according to FIG. 21 with its axis.
  • the movements can be read or registered on a sensor (not shown) mounted on the roller 18.
  • the rod had a square cross section of 2.5 x 2.5 mm and a length of 35 mm. It was treated similarly to the procedure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. First, the rod was pre-shaped at a temperature of 900 ° C in such a way that its longitudinal axis described a circular arc with a radius of -37 mm (negative sign, since curvature in the opposite direction with respect to the later definitive shape). The pre-bent rod was then subjected to solution annealing at a temperature of 950 ° C. for 15 minutes and subsequent quenching in cold water (similar to 1 and 2 in FIG. 2). The rod was then bent in the opposite direction at room temperature so that its longitudinal axis described a radius of + 35 mm.
  • Example I A test bar of the same dimensions and the same composition as in Example I was subjected to solution annealing at 850 ° C. for 10 minutes in the flat (stretched) state and then quenched in cold water. The rod was then bent to a radius of 22 mm at room temperature, which corresponded to an outermost fiber elongation of 5.4%. The bent rod was then held at a temperature of 300 ° C for 30 minutes under load. The load was removed while still warm and the relieved rod was slowly cooled to room temperature. The test was carried out in the same manner as in Example I. With this material without "martensite stabilization, larger scatterings and less two-way effects were shown than with the stabilized one according to example I.
  • a torsion bar of the same composition as in Example I was subjected to a corresponding treatment and test.
  • the rod had a round cross-section, with a diameter of 3 mm and a measuring length of 24.mm. It was first solution annealed at a temperature of 850 ° C for 10 minutes and then quenched in cold water. The rod was heated to 100 ° C and twisted (twisted) at this temperature by a total angle 0 of 80 ° in relation to the circular cross sections at the ends of the measuring length.
  • the twist angle ⁇ of the outermost fiber of the helix with the cylinder-generating line (pitch angle) was approximately 5 °, which corresponded to an elongation of 6% in the main stress directions (tension and compression).
  • the rod was held in this tensioned position and heated to a temperature of 300 ° C. This state was maintained for 20 minutes. Then the rod was relieved and slowly cooled to room temperature. the twoway effect on torsion was then determined by going through a temperature cycle of 0 to 250 ° C.
  • the achievable reversible angle difference 6 of the circular cross sections at both ends of the measuring length was 9 °, which corresponded to a twist angle a (pitch angle) of 34 '.
  • the equivalent of the strains in the two main stress directions (tension and compression) was thus about 0.7%.
  • a tensile bar with the same composition and the same dimensions as the torsion bar according to Example 111 was subjected to a corresponding treatment and test. It was first subjected to solution annealing at a temperature of 850 ° C. for 15 minutes and then quenched in cold water. Then the rod was subjected to tensile stress in its longitudinal axis at room temperature and stretched (stretched) by an amount of 4%. While maintaining the applied load (tensile stress), the rod was heated to 300 ° C. and held in this state for 20 minutes. The load was then removed and the rod slowly cooled to room temperature. The two-way effect measured on various test specimens in the temperature interval from 0 to 200 ° C. was 0.2 to 0.5%. It could be significantly improved by the martensite stabilization treatment according to 9 in FIG. 2 and kept within narrow limits.
  • any memory alloy of the ⁇ -brass type which shows a well-known one-way effect in the natural state (i.e. after conventional treatment) but a negligible two-way effect, can be brought into a state according to the new method, where it has a clear, suitable for practical use Has two-way effect.
  • These include above all the alloys of the types Cu / AI / Ni and Cu / Al.
  • solution annealing can be carried out at different temperatures (usually between 850 and 950 ° C).
  • the decisive process step corresponding to the shape stabilization can be carried out in the temperature range from 150 to 425 ° C. for 0.5 to 180 min, the shorter times applying to the higher temperatures.
  • the load to be applied at the same time must be dimensioned so that a tension (tension, pressure or thrust) is generated which corresponds to an elongation of at least 1%. In the case of thrust, this means that the displacement angle a (pitch angle for torsion) must be at least 50 '.
  • the martensite stabilization can be carried out in the temperature range between 200 and 400 ° C for 1 min to 4 h.
  • the zero point stabilization of the two-way effect is advantageously carried out at a temperature which corresponds to the later maximum operating temperature (in our case approx. 200 ° C.).
  • the duration of the heating should be at least 1 min.
  • the present new method has shown the way for the first time how a two-way effect that can be used in practice can be achieved with memory alloys of the ß-brass type, which normally only show a pronounced one-way effect.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Nonferrous Metals Or Alloys (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
EP83200130A 1982-02-05 1983-01-26 Verfahren zur Erzeugung und Stabilisierung eines reversiblen Zweiweg-Gedächtnisseffektes in einer Cu/Al/Ni- oder einer Cu/Al-Legierung Expired EP0086014B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83200130T ATE23570T1 (de) 1982-02-05 1983-01-26 Verfahren zur erzeugung und stabilisierung eines reversiblen zweiweg-gedaechtnisseffektes in einer cu/al/ni- oder einer cu/al-legierung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH70782 1982-02-05
CH707/82 1982-02-05

Publications (2)

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EP0086014A1 EP0086014A1 (de) 1983-08-17
EP0086014B1 true EP0086014B1 (de) 1986-11-12

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EP83200130A Expired EP0086014B1 (de) 1982-02-05 1983-01-26 Verfahren zur Erzeugung und Stabilisierung eines reversiblen Zweiweg-Gedächtnisseffektes in einer Cu/Al/Ni- oder einer Cu/Al-Legierung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4416706A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0086014B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS58147548A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE23570T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3367626D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3319395A1 (de) * 1983-05-28 1984-11-29 G. Rau GmbH & Co, 7530 Pforzheim Formstueck aus einem verbundwerkstoff und herstellungsverfahren hierzu
US4887430A (en) * 1988-12-21 1989-12-19 Eaton Corporation Bistable SME actuator with retainer
FR2681331B1 (fr) * 1991-09-17 1993-11-12 Imago Procede de modification des temperatures caracteristiques de transformation d'un alliage metallique a memoire de forme.
ES2116149B1 (es) * 1994-04-11 1999-08-01 Uni Politenica De Catalunya Procedimiento para la obtencion de efecto doble memoria de forma en aleaciones inteligentes con memoria de forma.. n
US5842312A (en) * 1995-03-01 1998-12-01 E*Sorb Systems Hysteretic damping apparati and methods
US6149742A (en) * 1998-05-26 2000-11-21 Lockheed Martin Corporation Process for conditioning shape memory alloys
US20040201444A1 (en) * 2000-12-20 2004-10-14 Byong-Ho Park Shape memory alloy actuators activated by strain gradient variation during phase transformation
US8409372B1 (en) 2010-09-02 2013-04-02 The United States of America as Represented by the Administraton of National Aeronautics and Space Administration Thermomechanical methodology for stabilizing shape memory alloy (SMA) response

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2711576A1 (de) * 1976-03-18 1977-09-22 Raychem Corp Neue legierungen

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53925B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-05-04 1978-01-13
SU606894A1 (ru) * 1977-01-03 1978-05-15 Институт Металлофизики Ан Украинской Сср Способ изготовлени температурочуствительных элементов из сплавав, обладающих эффектом пам ти формы
DE3065930D1 (en) * 1980-03-03 1984-01-26 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Memory alloy based on cu-al or on cu-al-ni and process for the stabilisation of the two-way effect

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2711576A1 (de) * 1976-03-18 1977-09-22 Raychem Corp Neue legierungen

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Journal of Metals", December 1982, S. 14-20; "Acta metallurgica", Vol. 31, No. 7, 1983, S. 1013-1018 *
METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS A, Band 8A, Juni 1977, Seiten 955-962. N. Y. C. YANG et al.: "The cyclic stress-strain reponse of polycrystalline, pseudoelastic Cu-14,5 Wt Pct Al-3 Wt Pct Ni alloy" *

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Publication number Publication date
ATE23570T1 (de) 1986-11-15
EP0086014A1 (de) 1983-08-17
DE3367626D1 (en) 1987-01-02
US4416706A (en) 1983-11-22
JPS58147548A (ja) 1983-09-02
JPH0123546B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1989-05-02

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