EP0074577A1 - Relais électromagnétique polarisé - Google Patents

Relais électromagnétique polarisé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0074577A1
EP0074577A1 EP82108122A EP82108122A EP0074577A1 EP 0074577 A1 EP0074577 A1 EP 0074577A1 EP 82108122 A EP82108122 A EP 82108122A EP 82108122 A EP82108122 A EP 82108122A EP 0074577 A1 EP0074577 A1 EP 0074577A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
yoke
relay according
leg
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82108122A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0074577B1 (fr
Inventor
Ulrich Ing. Grad. Kobler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0074577A1 publication Critical patent/EP0074577A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0074577B1 publication Critical patent/EP0074577B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2236—Polarised relays comprising pivotable armature, pivoting at extremity or bending point of armature
    • H01H51/2245—Armature inside coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H49/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of relays or parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/24—Parts rotatable or rockable outside coil
    • H01H50/28—Parts movable due to bending of a blade spring or reed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/548—Contact arrangements for miniaturised relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/02—Bases; Casings; Covers
    • H01H50/04—Mounting complete relay or separate parts of relay on a base or inside a case
    • H01H50/041—Details concerning assembly of relays
    • H01H50/043—Details particular to miniaturised relays
    • H01H2050/044—Special measures to minimise the height of the relay

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a polarized electromagnetic relay with an angled yoke arrangement, consisting of two spaced apart parallel yokes with an intermediate permanent magnet, one leg of this yoke arrangement carries an excitation coil and an armature mounted outside the coil, at least with a movable end between the parallel free ends of the yokes is arranged.
  • a known magnet system of this type which is known for example from DE-PS 966 845, contains two U-shaped yokes and a rotating armature arranged between the free yoke ends.
  • a U-shaped yoke arrangement cannot subsequently be introduced into a finished and wound bobbin, rather the bobbin must subsequently be applied in two parts to the yoke arrangement or first produced by extrusion coating and then wound.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a relay of the type mentioned, in which a highly effective polarized magnetic circuit with parts that are easy to manufacture and assemble can be designed by small changes for monostable or bistable switching behavior, this magnetic circuit arrangement also providing a favorable space distribution between this magnetic circuit and enables a contact arrangement which can be actuated via the armature.
  • the response values should be easily adjustable in the finished relay by magnetic adjustment.
  • this object is achieved in a relay of the type mentioned at the outset in that the armature, like the yoke arrangement, is L-shaped and forms a rectangular arrangement with it, the long armature leg being arranged parallel to the long yoke legs carrying the coil, and the short one Armature leg forming the turning axis for the armature is arranged perpendicular to the coil axis and is coupled with its free end in the region of the coil axis to the yoke arrangement.
  • the armature like the yoke arrangement, therefore has a long leg in the direction of the coil axis and a short leg perpendicular to the coil axis.
  • the yoke arrangement with its intermediate permanent magnet can be easily inserted into the finished wound bobbin from one flange side, while the armature is attached to the other coil flange and, moreover, with its long free leg outside the coil essentially parallel to the coil axis as far as between the two free yoke stretches.
  • This free armature leg is preferably, seen from the connection level of the relay, below the coil, so that the contact elements lying next to the armature only require short bushings to the connection pins.
  • the two yokes like the armature, are L-shaped and are guided with their long legs through the coil interior, so that they enclose an armature end between their free ends on both sides.
  • the permanent magnet expediently lies within the coil and between the two yoke legs and extends essentially over the entire length of the coil. In this way, the free space between the two yokes is optimally used.
  • the two yokes and the anchor can each have the same dimensions, so that only the same parts have to be manufactured for yokes and anchors.
  • the short armature leg is expediently mounted centrally between the ends of the long yoke leg.
  • the two long yoke legs can be bent closer to the anchor in the area of the coupling surfaces to the anchor. This reduces the magnetic resistance of the excitation circuit.
  • the simultaneously enlarged shunt for the permanent magnet can be easily compensated for by the relatively large permanent magnet, which can take up the entire coil length.
  • the short armature leg is expediently mounted on one side at the end of a long yoke leg. It is possible, for more precise definition of the monostability and the responsiveness that can be achieved, to design the short yoke legs with different sized pole faces compared to the long armature legs.
  • the yoke leg that determines the rest position of the armature can be one have a smaller pole face, while the opposite yoke leg causes a high tightening force due to a larger pole face in the working position of the armature.
  • the armature can have an angled cross-section in its long leg, which runs below the coil, so as to enable a low overall height of the relay and at the same time to be able to conduct sufficient magnetic flux. This is particularly possible if one of the yoke legs is shortened to form a smaller pole face, so that the bent part of the armature comes to rest under this shortened yoke leg.
  • the relay In a simplified embodiment of the relay according to the invention it can also be provided that only one of the yokes has two mutually perpendicular legs and extends with its long leg through the inside of the coil.
  • the second yoke has only one leg arranged outside the coil, which runs parallel to the short leg of the first yoke and forms a second pole face opposite the armature.
  • the permanent magnet is also arranged outside the coil between the two yokes.
  • the short yoke leg can be extended along the coil flange, for example, so that the first yoke takes on a T-shaped shape. In this way, a monostable relay version is obtained, even if it is less sensitive compared to the previously described example.
  • the armature with its short leg is expediently mounted on the coil body via a bearing spring.
  • This bearing spring can be U-shaped, with its central part connected to the armature and fixed with its side legs in recesses of the coil body is. These side legs can be fastened in a snap-in manner in the recesses of the coil body by means of resilient tabs.
  • the bearing spring can, however, also be designed essentially flat, the middle section in turn carrying the armature and the bearing spring having recesses on both sides, by means of which it can be fastened to the deformable pins of the coil former.
  • the recesses in the bearing spring are expediently designed as elongated holes in order to achieve tolerance compensation during assembly.
  • this allows the armature in the monostable embodiment to be uniformly coupled on one side to the one yoke.
  • the bearing spring according to both embodiments it is possible to obtain a monostable or bistable switching characteristic of the relay simply by differently welding the armature to the central part of the spring, either centrally or offset from the center.
  • the coil body is expediently carried by a base body made of insulating material arranged below the coil, the two parts being connected via interlocking openings and deformable pins.
  • contact connections are expediently pluggable or anchored by embedding. It is provided in an advantageous embodiment that the connection elements are punched out of a circuit board and embedded together in one plane, with exposed sections of these connection elements being bent as connection lugs to the underside of the base body or as contact carriers to the top of the base body.
  • the base body can have one or more molded-in pockets for receiving getter material in the area of the contact elements.
  • ribs for holding a fixed getter body can also be formed.
  • a slide serving for contact actuation is expediently formed on long armature legs by extrusion coating with insulating material. In order to ensure a forced contact opening by the slide, the slide can be provided with lugs extending over the contact springs.
  • a bobbin 1 with a winding 2 has an axially continuous opening 3 for receiving a yoke arrangement, which is formed by two L-shaped angled yokes 4 and 5 and an intermediate permanent magnet 6.
  • the permanent magnet 6 is polarized in the direction between the two yokes 4 and 5, so it forms a pole face with each of these two yokes.
  • the long yoke legs 4a and 5a are inserted together with the intermediate permanent magnet 6 into the opening 3 of the coil body, so that their free ends lie in the coil flange 1a and can accommodate the short leg 7a of the armature 7 between them.
  • the armature 7 is L-shaped in the same way as the two yokes 4 and 5, and it is arranged during assembly with its ends between the yoke ends so that the yoke and anchor together form approximately a rectangle.
  • the short armature leg 7b thus lies between the free ends of the long yoke legs 4a and 5a and forms magnetic coupling surfaces with them, while the long armature leg 7a is arranged between the free ends of the short yoke legs 4b and 5b and forms working air gaps with respect to these.
  • the length of the permanent magnet 6 in the polarization direction between the two yokes 4 and 5 is chosen so that it bears on both sides of the yokes and minus the armature thickness defines the armature stroke between the yoke legs 4b and 5b. Since the armature thus has a smaller thickness than the distance between the two yokes 4 and 5, the permanent magnet 6 is not short-circuited. Rather, air gaps remain between the armature and the yoke legs 4a and 5b, which are more or less large by design measures can be designed.
  • a bistable switching characteristic is achieved by arranging the armature in the center, and a monostable switching characteristic by coupling it to one side of the yoke.
  • the armature 7 is mounted on the coil flange 1a via a U-shaped bearing spring 8, the middle part of the bearing spring being connected to the armature and the two side parts each being fastened to the coil flange 1a.
  • the armature has an axis of rotation which runs perpendicular to the coil axis in the direction of the short armature leg 7b and enables the armature leg 7a to move between the yoke legs 4b and 5b.
  • a contact slide 9 which can be attached, for example, to the armature leg 7a or molded on by injection molding, serves to actuate two contact springs 10 and 11, which each form a changeover contact with the fixed contact elements 12 and 13 or 14 and 15.
  • the contact elements 12, 13, 1 4 and 15, as well as the spring support 10a and 11a are embedded in a base body 16 or inserted.
  • This base body 16 carries the coil body with the yoke legs and the armature.
  • recesses 16a and 16b are provided in the base body, into which the free ends of the short yoke legs 4b and 5b are inserted.
  • the coil flange 1a is also seated on the base body 16 and can be connected to it by suitable measures. It has, in the usual way, inserted or injected coil connecting pins 17, which are inserted through corresponding holes in the base body during assembly. A cap 18 is placed over the coil body 1 and the base body 16, wherein the joint between the base body and the cap and the leadthroughs of the connecting pins can be sealed with casting resin.
  • 2 to 5 schematically show different possible embodiments of the magnetic circuit for the relay according to the invention.
  • 2 shows the monostable design, the armature 7 arranged between the yokes 4 and 5 being supported on one side at the bearing point 19 next to the yoke leg 5a.
  • the polarization of the permanent magnet 6 directed between the two yokes results in a diagonal position of the armature as shown in FIG. 2 as the rest position, the free end of the armature leg 7a thus abutting the short yoke leg 5b.
  • the armature is switched over by excitation of the coil 2 and is then in contact with the yoke 5 with both ends.
  • the short yoke legs 4b and 5b according to FIG. 3 can also have different lengths.
  • the pole face 4c, against which the armature 7c rests in the rest position is smaller than the pole face 5c for the working side of the armature.
  • the armature 7c is angled, the angled part 7d being located below the shortened yoke leg 4b.
  • the magnet system of the bistable version is shown schematically in FIG. 4.
  • the armature 7 is mounted centrally between the yoke legs 4a and 5a via the bearing 20 and, with the free end of the long leg 7a, optionally assumes one of the two stable switching positions on the yoke leg 4b or on the yoke leg 5b.
  • FIG. 5 A modification of the bistable system is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the yoke legs 4a and 5a are each bent with their ends 4d and 5d towards the armature bearing 20, as a result of which the magnetic coupling to the armature and thus the magnetic resistance in the circuit is reduced on both sides.
  • FIG. 6 shows a possible embodiment for an L-shaped armature 21 according to the invention, which is movable with its long leg 21a between the yoke legs and is fastened to a bearing spring 22 with its short leg 21b.
  • This bearing spring is U-shaped and its middle leg 22a is connected to the armature leg 21b, for example via welded joints 23.
  • the side legs 22b and 22c can be inserted into recesses in the coil former 1 (FIG. 1) and locked in place by means of tabs 24 which are bent out.
  • the anchor 21 is fixed in the middle of the middle section 22a in the bistable embodiment, asymmetrically outside the center in the monostable embodiment. In order to improve the suspension, beads 25 are also embossed in the bearing spring 22.
  • FIG. 7 shows a modified embodiment of the bearing spring, the armature 21 being designed as before.
  • the bearing spring 26 is now, apart from the beads 25, carried out substantially flat.
  • the armature leg 21b is connected to the middle section 26a, while the side parts 26b and 26c are connected to the coil former.
  • they have elongated holes 27 which are plugged onto pins (not shown) of the coil flange 1a and are fastened, for example, by thermal deformation of these pins.
  • a tolerance compensation of the armature with respect to the coupling surfaces of the yoke legs is possible through the elongated holes.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 Another modification of the bearing spring is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 in two views.
  • This bearing spring 28 is again U-shaped, the side legs 28b and 28c are each provided with locking tabs 24.
  • this spring has in the middle part 28a inwardly bent spring bars 28d and 28e which receive the free end of the armature leg 21b between them and are fastened to it by welding.
  • FIGS. 10 to 12 A detailed construction of the relay according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 in different sectional views.
  • two L-shaped yokes 34 and 35 each with their long legs 34a and 35a, are inserted into a coil former 31, together with an intermediate permanent magnet 36.
  • This permanent magnet is in the direction between the two yoke legs 34a and 35a polarizes and extends the entire length of the coil interior.
  • the yoke legs 34b and 35b which are angled outside the coil body extend substantially perpendicular to the coil axis along the coil flange 31b and form two pole faces 34c and 35c for an armature 37.
  • the armature 37 is also L-shaped, its long leg 37a lying below the coil and with its free end between the yoke legs 34b and 35b and executing switching movements in the air gap formed thereby.
  • the upper end of the short armature leg 37b lies between the free ends of the yoke legs 34a and 35a.
  • the armature leg 37b is coupled on one side to the yoke leg 35a; this means that this is a monostable embodiment.
  • the free end of the anchor would rest on the yoke leg 34b in the idle state lie.
  • the anchor therefore rests against the yoke leg 35b in the working position.
  • the armature leg 37a has an angled cross section with an angled part 37d in order to obtain a sufficiently large flow guide cross section with a simultaneously large flow guide cross section with a reduced overall height of the relay.
  • the armature is fastened with its short leg 37b via an armature spring 28, which has already been described in detail with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • the armature is fastened between the spring bars 28d and 28e by welding spots.
  • the armature spring 28 itself is inserted into slots 38 of the bobbin flange 31a and fastened by means of the locking tabs 24.
  • the armature actuates the two center contact springs 40 and 41 via a molded slide 39, which, with their contact-carrying free ends, can be switched between two mating contact elements 42 and 43 or 44 and 45.
  • the counter-contact elements 42, 43, 44 and 45 like the contact carriers 40a and 41a for the contact springs 40 and 41, are anchored in a base body 46 and form solder tabs 40b, 41b, 42b, 43b, 44b and 45b which protrude downward from the base body 46.
  • the contact elements are stamped together with their connecting lugs from a circuit board and embedded in the base body 46 in one plane with their respective central sections 40c, 41c, 42c, 43c, 44c and 45c.
  • the connecting lugs or solder lugs 40b to 45b are bent downward from these embedded central sections and the contact spring supports 40a and 41a or the contact supports 42 to 45 are bent upward.
  • the contact pieces, for example 42a and 43a, can be attached to the contact carriers before or after embedding. and the contact carriers are attached.
  • the coil former 31 is fastened to the base body 46 with the yokes 34 and 35 and the armature 37.
  • recesses 46a and 46b are provided in the base body, into which the ends of the yoke legs 34b and 35b are inserted, and they limit the armature stroke at a precise distance from the contact elements via the contact walls 46c and 46d.
  • the base body 46 has openings 47 and 47a for receiving fastening pins 48 and 48a, which are integrally formed on the coil body 31. These pins 48 and 48a can be thermally deformed after assembly in order to establish a firm connection between base body 46 and coil body 31.
  • openings 49 are provided in the base body 46 for receiving the coil connecting pins 50 anchored in the coil body.
  • a getter pocket 51 for receiving a liquid getter 52 is also integrally formed on the base body.
  • This getter substance is introduced in liquid form and solidifies into a getter-active mass.
  • retaining webs for a tablet-shaped getter could also be provided.
  • the coil which has an essentially rectangular cross section due to the inserted yoke legs 34a and 35a with the permanent magnet 36 therebetween, fills the upper space of the relay. It abuts the cap 53 on three sides, so that the winding over the large outer surface heat is given off well.
  • the armature leg 37a is arranged below the coil between the contact elements, as a result of which the space below the coil is also well utilized. With its short bushings on the base body 46, the contact set requires little space and thus also offers the prerequisite for low contact circuit resistances.
  • the armature actuates the contact springs 40 and 41 via the injection molded slide 39.
  • lugs 39a are formed on both sides of the slide.
  • FIG. 13 represents a modification of the detail section A from FIG. 12.
  • the slide 39 has cuts 39b on both sides, in which the contact springs 40 and 41 are mounted.
  • the exact assignment of the armature stroke and contact elements is shown in the schematic illustration in FIG. 14.
  • the yoke leg 35b is inserted with its extended end 35c into the recess 46b, where it abuts the edge 46d on one side.
  • This contact edge 46d is produced in the manufacture of the base body 46 with an exact distance a from the contact element 44 and with an exact distance b from the contact element 43.
  • these contact elements also have a precise distance from the inner edge of the yoke leg 35b, which at the same time forms the stop of the armature 37 in the (not shown) rest position.
  • both yoke legs 34b and 35b can each be inserted in the basic body with precise dimensions, as shown in FIG. 12.
  • the base body 56 has incisions 57 which are open from the side and into which the spring supports 58 and 59 and the mating contact elements 60, 61, 62 and 63 are inserted in the direction of the arrows 66.
  • a tight fit is achieved by integrally formed ribs 64.
  • the contact elements are designed similarly to the previously described embedded contact elements. They each have a pluggable middle part 58a, 59a, 60a, 61a, 62a and 63a as well as spring supports 58b and 59b or contact elements 60b to 63b which are bent upwards.
  • Terminal lugs 58c to 63c are again bent downward.
  • the fastening parts 58a to 63a each have cutouts 58d to 63d which are held on ribs 65 of the base body by an interference fit.
  • the base body 56 can be connected to the coil body 31 in the same way as the base body 46.
  • the yoke 75 has only one leg, which is arranged parallel to the short yoke leg 74b and with which it encloses an intermediate permanent magnet 76. Between their free ends they form a working air gap, in which the long armature leg 77a executes switching movements. Since only one yoke leg 74a is passed through the coil, the system is relatively insensitive and it can only be operated in a monostable manner. In the idle state, the armature leg 77a lies against the yoke 75.
EP82108122A 1981-09-04 1982-09-02 Relais électromagnétique polarisé Expired EP0074577B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3135171 1981-09-04
DE19813135171 DE3135171A1 (de) 1981-09-04 1981-09-04 Polarisiertes elektromagnetisches relais

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83109413.1 Division-Into 1982-09-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0074577A1 true EP0074577A1 (fr) 1983-03-23
EP0074577B1 EP0074577B1 (fr) 1985-08-07

Family

ID=6140926

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82108122A Expired EP0074577B1 (fr) 1981-09-04 1982-09-02 Relais électromagnétique polarisé
EP83109413A Withdrawn EP0105412A1 (fr) 1981-09-04 1982-09-02 Relais électromagnétique

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83109413A Withdrawn EP0105412A1 (fr) 1981-09-04 1982-09-02 Relais électromagnétique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4475093A (fr)
EP (2) EP0074577B1 (fr)
JP (2) JPS5854527A (fr)
DE (2) DE3135171A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0127309A1 (fr) * 1983-04-22 1984-12-05 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co. Relais du type monostable
EP0130423A2 (fr) * 1983-06-30 1985-01-09 EURO-Matsushita Electric Works Aktiengesellschaft Electro-aimant polarisé et son application dans un relais électromagnétique polarisé
EP0360271A2 (fr) * 1988-09-22 1990-03-28 Fujitsu Limited Relais électromagnétique polarisé

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US4611392A (en) * 1985-02-05 1986-09-16 Potter & Brumfield, Inc. Method of manufacturing relays
US5321377A (en) * 1993-01-21 1994-06-14 Kaloust P. Sagoian Electromagnet for relays and contactor assemblies
CN104538250B (zh) * 2015-02-03 2016-08-24 佛山市川东磁电股份有限公司 一种磁力开关
CN112885646A (zh) * 2021-01-15 2021-06-01 厦门宏发电力电器有限公司 一种拍合式双稳态磁路结构及磁保持继电器

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DE966845C (de) * 1952-03-22 1957-09-12 Siemens Ag Elektromagnetisches gepoltes Antriebssystem, insbesondere fuer Relais, Wecker od. dgl.
US3005071A (en) * 1958-04-30 1961-10-17 Comar Electric Company Relay structure
DE1201918B (de) * 1962-04-28 1965-09-30 Arthur Klemt Ankerlagerung fuer Relais
DE1817557A1 (de) * 1968-12-31 1970-09-03 Kupfer Asbest Co Relais,insbesondere fuer gedruckte Schaltungen
FR2112415A1 (fr) * 1970-11-03 1972-06-16 Hartmann & Braun Ag
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0127309A1 (fr) * 1983-04-22 1984-12-05 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co. Relais du type monostable
US4673908A (en) * 1983-04-22 1987-06-16 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co. Polarized relay
EP0130423A2 (fr) * 1983-06-30 1985-01-09 EURO-Matsushita Electric Works Aktiengesellschaft Electro-aimant polarisé et son application dans un relais électromagnétique polarisé
EP0130423A3 (fr) * 1983-06-30 1985-09-18 EURO-Matsushita Electric Works Aktiengesellschaft Electro-aimant polarisé et son application dans un relais électromagnétique polarisé
EP0360271A2 (fr) * 1988-09-22 1990-03-28 Fujitsu Limited Relais électromagnétique polarisé
EP0360271A3 (en) * 1988-09-22 1990-07-11 Fujitsu Limited Electromagnetic polar relays
US5150090A (en) * 1988-09-22 1992-09-22 Fujitsu Limited Electromagnetic polar relay

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0105412A1 (fr) 1984-04-18
JPH0346938B2 (fr) 1991-07-17
DE3135171A1 (de) 1983-03-17
JPS5854527A (ja) 1983-03-31
US4475093A (en) 1984-10-02
JPH02223122A (ja) 1990-09-05
DE3265234D1 (en) 1985-09-12
EP0074577B1 (fr) 1985-08-07

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