EP0071213B2 - Objet stratifié pour la construction et son application - Google Patents

Objet stratifié pour la construction et son application Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0071213B2
EP0071213B2 EP82106682A EP82106682A EP0071213B2 EP 0071213 B2 EP0071213 B2 EP 0071213B2 EP 82106682 A EP82106682 A EP 82106682A EP 82106682 A EP82106682 A EP 82106682A EP 0071213 B2 EP0071213 B2 EP 0071213B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laminated article
layer
article according
particles
under
Prior art date
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Expired
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EP82106682A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0071213A3 (en
EP0071213B1 (fr
EP0071213A2 (fr
Inventor
Günter TESCH
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TESCH, GUENTER HORST
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Individual
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Priority to AT82106682T priority Critical patent/ATE19108T1/de
Publication of EP0071213A2 publication Critical patent/EP0071213A2/fr
Publication of EP0071213A3 publication Critical patent/EP0071213A3/de
Publication of EP0071213B1 publication Critical patent/EP0071213B1/fr
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
    • D04H1/545—Polyvinyl alcohol
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/06—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with cement or like binders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/10—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and cement or like binders
    • E01C7/12—Mortar-bound paving
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/08—Temporary pavings
    • E01C9/086—Temporary pavings made of concrete, wood, bitumen, rubber or synthetic material or a combination thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/40—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of a number of smaller components rigidly or movably connected together, e.g. interlocking, hingedly connected of particular shape, e.g. not rectangular of variable shape or size, e.g. flexible or telescopic panels
    • E04C2/405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of a number of smaller components rigidly or movably connected together, e.g. interlocking, hingedly connected of particular shape, e.g. not rectangular of variable shape or size, e.g. flexible or telescopic panels composed of two or more hingedly connected parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laminated body for construction purposes according to the preamble of claim 1 and its use.
  • a generic laminate is known from DE-A 2 902 974. There, a method for the production of building boards is described, in which a building material which has not yet set is filled between two textile outer layers, whereupon the two textile layers are connected to one another before the building material sets, e.g. B. needled.
  • Woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, knotted nets, textile composite materials, such as nonwovens, and spunbonds can be used as textile layers.
  • the material can consist of natural or synthetic fibers or monofilaments.
  • Materials that have not yet hardened e.g. B. based on cement, plaster or lime. These can also contain light aggregates such as perlite, vermiculite, expanded clay or the like, but they can also be foamed directly as so-called foam concrete or foam plaster.
  • DE-U 7230622 discloses a needled laminate which has a granular layer of styrene, perlite or vermiculite grains or cork waste or of foam flakes between two layers.
  • the two outer layers can be needled through the particle layer.
  • Erosion protection mats are known in which there is a loose, voluminous, needled random fiber layer which is connected on one side to a dense, thin nonwoven fabric, woven or knitted fabric as an underlay (DE-A 2 321 362). After filling the spaces between the fibers in the random fiber layer with sand, gravel or earth, such mats are used to cover earth surfaces, e.g. B. embankments used.
  • DE-A 2855059 discloses a fiber-reinforced layered body in which a core layer made of granular or fibrous particles is introduced as an outer layer between an underlay layer and a cover layer. At least one of the two outer layers consists of actively needled fibers. These three layers are needled together.
  • Fine-grained or fibrous solid active substance particles are used as the material for the core layer, which may include comminuted leather, peat, tree bark or synthetic foam particles, activated carbon and charcoal, ion exchangers and cosmetic particles. All these particles can be pierced very easily by the needling needles when needling the three layers, some of these particles break apart when needling, i.e. larger particles are divided into two or more smaller particles. As a result, however, the particle size in the needled core layer cannot be predetermined.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a generic laminate which is not only transportable without loss of filling, but is also intended to enable uniform distribution of the granular material and which can be designed in any shape and / or shape.
  • the intermediate particle layer is uniformly interspersed with fibers or threads which extend through the particle layer and hold the particles in place.
  • the needling forms clips which are delimited by the cover layer, the underlayer and the holding fibers.
  • the pressure which arises in particular as a result of the needling when the fibers of the cover layer are incorporated in the base layer, can advantageously result in the particles being retained. This results in a laminate which can be handled in any manner, in particular also turned over, without the particles falling out of it.
  • the body can therefore be used, transported, attached etc. in any position, ie horizontally or vertically.
  • the granular building material particles according to the invention now have material properties which actually speak against needling.
  • Such granular sand or gravel particles have a brittle character and / or abrasive properties and z. B. an indestructible strength when encountering conventional needling needles.
  • the cover layer and the underlayer with conventional needling techniques such as. B. by means of needling needles with barbs, in particular triangular quilting needles, can be needled through the layer of granular particles of building materials without significant damage, such as wear or destruction thereof. This is partly due to the fact that the granular particles are preferably displaceable relative to one another prior to needling and that particles hit by needles can evade laterally.
  • the particles are not distributed indiscriminately or arbitrarily between the fibers of the laminated body, but are penetrated by the fibers or threads, so that the needling results in a uniform mixture between fibers or threads and granular particles.
  • the needling produces holding fibers or threads in an advantageous manner, by means of which the particles are fixed against displacement in the direction of the plane of the underlayer and thus prevent them from trickling into the laminate. In this way, a closed spatial shape of the laminate can be achieved, which can be used in a variety of ways for construction purposes.
  • the laminated body according to the invention can be in any shape, for. B. as a mat, sheet, strip, pillow, in the form of a sandbag, as a hose or the like.
  • the laminate is designed in the form of a web, this web can be rolled up due to the elastic connection through the needled layers and the mobility of the enclosed particles. Sections of such a path can advantageously be divided without the particles being able to escape.
  • the needling z. B. also ensured at the cutting edges that there are always sufficient holding fibers that prevent further leakage of particles.
  • Lying z. B. granular particles of a hydraulic binder and sand or gravel before, the binder can be brought to set by adding water. It can be used to produce laminates made of cement and sand or gravel, i.e. concrete laminates. Are z. B. needled fibers or threads, i.e.
  • Holding fibers or surfaces in front that have cement adsorptive properties they can be bound to the hydraulic binding agent and thus be present in the set cement as in the manner of the iron.
  • cement adsorptive fibers can e.g. B. natural fibers such as cellulose, sisal or coconut fibers, polyester fibers or the like.
  • cement-incompatible fiber material so that it cannot bond to the cement when it sets. This leaves areas separated by the holding fibers or threads, corresponding to the granular particles, with hardened concrete pieces, which are essentially loosely connected to one another between the adhesive holding fibers or threads.
  • adhesive fibers can e.g. B. polypropylene fibers.
  • the laminated body with the set cement then still has sufficient flexibility because of the unbound fibers or threads, so that it can e.g. B. can be rolled up as a mat.
  • the hardness and strength can also be lower in such a laminated body, so that a laminated body can be produced in the desired manner depending on the choice of the fiber material and / or the particle layer.
  • the laminated body according to the invention can thus be manufactured industrially, including its inner layer, and can be delivered to the place of its need.
  • the laminate can be used as insulation, lining, manufacture of floors or ceilings or the like, after z. B. was mixed with a liquid for setting or a corresponding binder. So it is easily possible to use a laminate for mending industrial floors if the same z. B. is provided as a mat or with a particle layer, the z. B. with epoxy or synthetic resin mortar as a binder. But you can also use a mat with cement particles to mend, so that in one embodiment according to the invention z. B. can receive a cement plaster.
  • there is an advantageous possibility e.g. to cut off a corresponding section from a web, depending on the size of the area to be repaired.
  • a laminate according to the invention as a screed substitute.
  • the inner layer consists of a mixture of, for example, sand and cement
  • such a layered body can be placed on the still moist surface of a concrete ceiling or the like, where it then connects directly to this concrete ceiling when it sets.
  • the top layer of a hard-wearing material, for. B. synthetic fibers this laminate can already serve as a floor covering.
  • synthetic resin it is of course still possible to apply synthetic resin to this laminated body, so that an essentially closed surface of the floor covering results, depending on the amount of synthetic resin applied.
  • a laminated body according to the invention can, however, also be used advantageously to close lines, such as water pipes, power cables, etc., through wall or ceiling openings, so that in the event of a fire, through these openings, on the one hand, no smoke can pass through, on the other hand, the fire can be broken through by one Space in the other or from one floor to the other can be prevented.
  • lines are made of a material deforming under the influence of heat, such as, for. B. thermoplastic materials
  • the laminate in addition to the particles consisting of building materials also have particles that inflate under the influence of heat and also complete the wall or ceiling breakthrough when z. B. the plastic tube has already melted.
  • a laminated body according to the invention is advantageously suitable for the quick, cheap construction of makeshift huts, e.g. B. in disaster areas.
  • Mat or sheet-shaped laminated bodies can be placed over a carrier skeleton, which are at least connected to one another.
  • the carrier skeleton can also be produced from laminated bodies according to the invention which, for. B. besides sand also contain a binder and then optionally hardened around shaped iron.
  • loam, clay or the like can also be applied to the mat-shaped laminate.
  • the backing layer of the laminated body according to the invention can be made of a fiber-free material, e.g. B. a film such as plastic film, e.g. B. consist of polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • this underlayer can also be formed from a spun bond or a nonwoven fabric.
  • the cover layer is advantageously a fiber or filament nonwoven that can itself be actively needled.
  • the holding fibers or threads used in needling then advantageously come from this cover layer.
  • the actively needled layer contains e.g. B. long fibers with a stack length of preferably 60-150 mm.
  • the layers are preferably needled together over the entire length of the layer body, so that a needling density of approximately 20-200 punctures / cm 2 is present.
  • the base layer can have depressions which are cup-shaped or elongated. These depressions are filled with the particles, these particles preferably lying only in the depressions. It is then e.g. a mat in front of which the cup-like depressions protrude like knobs. You can use these knobs either as a non-slip back, where they claw advantageously with the base layer, such as the underlying ground or the like. B. used as a walking mat or the like, or you can also use the knobs upwards, as an anti-slip, z. B. use walk-on surface.
  • the particles present in the depressions can be unbound or, e.g. B. after water has been added beforehand.
  • Such a mat can still be bent around the webs present between the depressions, e.g. B. can also be rolled up, sections can advantageously be cut from a rolled up mat. It results in z. B. a rollable concrete mat, which can also be divided as “concrete by the meter”.
  • Laminated bodies provided with the particle material can be used as concrete or cement fleece, as a reinforcement layer, floor covering, wall coverings or the like. But it is also possible to moisten the needled laminate, for example, and in the moist form in another desired, z. B. wavy shape or the like. You can with the laminate according to the invention, if this z. B. is mat-like, produce a layer that has both insulating and sound-absorbing character. The layer thickness can of course be increased by laying the mats on top of each other. Such mats can rest on their own weight, so that gluing to the underlay can be omitted. Due to the fiber or thread-containing cover layer, the laminate z. B. a surface that the same the appearance of a z. B. takes hardened concrete or cement body. The Fibers themselves can also be colored so that colored laminated bodies can be produced.
  • Is the laminate z. B. in the form of a mat so can advantageously by the same fibers, for. B. in concrete, to be z. B. to be able to glue facade panels better on the concrete surface. But you can also nail a wooden structure to the mat and place plaster or spray on it, or, if the laminate itself contains a plaster mixture, form it as a plaster layer. This advantageously avoids cracks and warping.
  • the laminated body according to the invention is also flame-retardant, which can be reinforced by using appropriate fiber material.
  • the particles can also have a grain size of 30 mm, those with a grain size of 0.02-2 mm are preferably used, which then have a basis weight of, for example, 4-12 kg / M 2 .
  • sand can be any sand, e.g. B. quartz sand, clay sand or the like.
  • gravel or stones or a mixture thereof as the granular particles. This way you have it in your hand, e.g. B. to produce any type of laminate.
  • Textile fibers or threads are preferably used for the cover layer, which can consist of natural or synthetic material.
  • a laminated body 1 has a cover layer 2, which can be actively needled here and consists of a nonwoven fabric.
  • a base layer 3, which can be at least passively needled, is held relative to the cover layer 2 by holding fibers 4 removed from the cover layer 2.
  • a layer 5 of granular particles 6 is arranged between the cover layer 2 and the underlayer 3. The two layers 2 and 3 are needled together through this particle layer 5.
  • the needling can be done according to a needle method known in needle felting technology, e.g. by R. Krcma in the "Handbuch der Textilverbund für", Deutscher fraverlag, Frankfurt am Main 1970, pages 198-202. In this technology, felting needles with a triangular needle shaft and lateral barbs directed towards the tip are most commonly used for needling.
  • the needling process not only connects the two layers 2 and 3 to one another, it also prevents the granular particles 6 of the layer 5 from laterally shifting due to the holding fibers 4 which are distributed throughout the entire surface of the layer body 1. This makes it possible to cut the laminate into any shape without the rock particles dropping out of the cut edge in significant quantities.
  • the sheet-like body 1 produced in sheet form can also be divided into individual, commercially available sizes by means of separation welding. If thermoplastic fibers are used, the edges of the individual pieces can also be solidified by welding. If necessary, a strip of thermoplastic material, not shown, is welded in a U-shape under the action of pressure and heat in the region of the edge, as a result of which the laminated body 1 has a more pleasing appearance.
  • the layer 5 of granular particles 6 here consists of rock particles of small grain size, z. B. made of sand, which by definition has a grain size of 0.02-2 mm.
  • sand rock particles of small grain size
  • binder particles in addition to the sand 6, such as cement, plaster, lime or the like, are provided.
  • the underlayer 3 can consist of different materials.
  • the backing layer 3 should not splinter when the needles are pierced and the pierced holding fibers 4, e.g. Elastic, hold tight, e.g. by clamping or interlacing, i.e. the underlayer 3 should be passively needled.
  • plastic films made of flexible material (compare, for example, FIG. 2), fiber layers in sufficient density, which are further compressed and matted by the needle process itself, so that they retain the particles, and also adhesively bonded fiber composites.
  • the underlayer can also be actively needled, which allows the layered body 1, as shown in FIG. 4, to be additionally needled from the opposite side.
  • a further actively needlable fiber layer is placed on a plastic film or the like as the base layer 3 and then the laminated body 1 is needled from both sides.
  • the fiber layer whether as a cover layer 2 or as an underlay layer 3, is precompressed by separate needling, this fiber layer can also be applied to a carrier layer, e.g. a plastic film, a fiber composite or the like, be pre-needled in order to facilitate handling during the production of the laminated body and / or to prevent the leakage of fine powdery particles before the needling of the laminated body.
  • fibers can be used as the fiber material for the nonwoven, depending on the specific application. It can be both natural and synthetic fibers. Suitable synthetic fibers are polypropylene or polyether fibers, which can be thermoformed, welded or cut. If value is placed on a particularly absorbent laminate, the fiber fleece can contain fibers made of wool, cotton, rayon or viscose. In order to produce a wet-formable laminate, it is advisable to use water-swellable or water-soluble fibers, such as polyvinyl alcohol fibers or the like.
  • a plastic film 7 or a fiber composite can be used, which are provided with depressions 8 which, for. B. can be achieved by deep drawing in the hot plastic state.
  • these depressions 8 are cup-shaped.
  • these depressions can also be elongated, in which case they come to lie parallel to each other and z. B. can be arranged offset in their position.
  • the depressions 8 open towards the cover layer 2, so that the particles 6 can be introduced into these depressions.
  • the layer 5 of particles 6 is therefore not contiguous, but is divided into numerous portions.
  • the needle punctures can be evenly distributed over the entire surface of the laminated body 1, as is shown in the three left wells of FIG.
  • the cover layer 2 is connected to the plastic film 7 only in the region of the recess-free points 9 by means of holding fibers 4.
  • set concrete can also be present, which, since the elasticity is retained in the recess-free locations 9, allows a rollable and in individual sections, for. B. obtained by cutting, divisible concrete mat.
  • 3 rows or strips of granular particles 6 are deposited on an actively needled fiber layer. These form an interrupted intermediate layer, through which needling is carried out. On these rows 11 of particles 6 a further fiber layer 2 which can be actively needle-coated is deposited as a cover layer and the layered body is needled from above.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 4 essentially corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG. 3, but here the laminated body 1 is also needled from below, i.e. the holding fibers 4 are taken from both the cover layer 2 and the base layer 4.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 now have in common that they form a kind of hinge at the particle-free locations 12, which has an effect in particular when in the parti there are no staggered strips or rows 11 of rock particles 6 with other particles 6 as binders in set form.
  • line size lines are preferably to be used for the particle weight per unit area, the fiber thickness, the fleece weight per fiber layer per unit area, the needle size and the stitch density.
  • the film thickness is between 30 and 200 ⁇ m, a thicker film should also be used with a larger grain diameter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Claims (41)

1. Corps stratifié pour des buts de construction dans lequel, entre une couche de base (3) et une couche de couverture (2) dont une au moins est une couche de fibres non tissée et contient des fibres ou des fils, on a disposé une couche (5) formée d'un mélange de particules granulées (6) de matériaux de construction, la couche de base
(3) et la couche de couverture (2) étant aiguilletées l'une à l'autre en enfermant la couche de particules, tout en fixant celles-ci, caractérisé en ce que la couche (5) se compose de particules granulées (6) de matériaux de construction tels que du sable, du gravier, lesquels ont une solidité indestructible lors de leur impact avec les aiguilles à aiguilleter en usage, ainsi que d'un liant, soit de la chaux, du gypse ou du ciment.
2. Corps stratifié selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les particules (6) ont un diamètre de grains de 5 mm et moins, de préférence de 0,02 à 2 mm.
3. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que les particules (6) ont un poids par unité de surface de 4à12kgparm2.
4. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé comme une natte, une bande, un coussin, sous la forme d'un sac de sable, comme un tuyau, une raie ou analogues.
5. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les particules (6) sont liables en une masse solide à l'aide d'un liquide tel que de l'eau ou du verre soluble, ou d'un liant organique, à savoir une résine synthétique.
6. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il est déformable par pression, compression, pliage et analogues.
7. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins la couche de couverture (2) est une toison de fibres comprenant de longues fibres d'une longueur de coupe de préférence de 40 à 120 mm.
8. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins la couche de couverture (2) est activement aiguilletée par des fibres de retenue (4) prove- nantde cette couche (2).
9. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la couche de base (3) se compose également d'une toison de fibres.
10. Corps stratifié selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le corps stratifié (1) est aiguilleté tant à partir de la couche de couverture (2) que de la couche de base (3).
11. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la couche de couverture (2) et la couche de base (3) sont aiguilletées l'une à l'autre sur la surface entière du corps stratifié (1
12. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les particules (6) sont disposées sous la forme de motifs, par exemple, sous la forme de raies, en laissant entre elles des endroits (12) sans particules.
13. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 et 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que la couche de base (3) se compose d'une bande de tissu ou d'une toison de fibres.
14. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 et 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que la couche de base (3) se compose d'une matière exempte de fibres.
15. Corps stratifié selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la couche de base (3) se compose d'une feuille (7), en particulier une feuille de matière synthétique de préférence tenace.
16. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisé en ce que la couche de base (3) présente des évidements (8) conçus, par exemple, en forme de petits godets ou d'une manière assez allongée.
17. Corps stratifié selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que les particules (6) sont disposées en particulier uniquement dans les évidements (8).
18. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 ou 20, caractérisé en ce que les fibres de retenue (4) provenant de la couche de couverture (2) traversent la couche de base (3) aux endroits (9) sans évidements.
19. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 18, caractérisé en ce que les fibres de retenue (4) traversent la couche de base (3) également dans la zone des évidements (8).
20. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins la couche de couverture (2) contient des fibres ou des fils textiles, des fibres ou des fils de ,-verre ou des fibres de laine minérale.
21. Corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce qu'une densité d'aiguilletage de 20 à 200 piqûres/cm2 est prévue.
22. Utilisation du corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 21 en tant que natte d'alourdissement.
23. Utilisation du corps stratifié selon la revendication 22, caractérisée en ce qu'il est posé sur la feuille ou couche d'étanchéité d'un toit plat.
24. Utilisation du corps stratifié selon la revendication 22, caractérisée en ce que plusieurs couches de corps stratifiés sont utilisés en les superposant comme barrière ou barricade.
25. Utilisation du corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 21 pour le dépôt sur des chemins praticables et/ou carrossable.
26. Utilisation selon la revendication 25, caractérisée en ce que l'humidité de la matière présente en dessous du corps stratifié, telle que le limon, l'argile ou analogues, est utilisée pour humidifier le liant se trouvant dans le corps stratifié.
27. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 24 et 25, caractérisée en ce que du béton aggloméré est présent dans les évidements.
28. Utilisation du corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 21 en tant que produits de remplacement d'aires en ciment.
29. Utilisation selon la revendication 28, caractérisée en ce que le corps stratifié est posé sur un sol au moins encore humide à la surface.
30. Utilisation du corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 21 en tant qu'enduit pour les murs.
31. Utilisation selon la revendication 30, caractérisée en ce que le corps stratifié est fixé sur le mur, par exemple, agrafé, cloué ou vissé.
32. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendication 29 et 30, caractérisée en ce que le corps stratifié contient lui-même un mélange d'enduits.
33. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 29 à 31, caractérisée en ce que l'enduit est posé ou projeté sur le corps stratifié.
34. Utilisation du corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 21 pour la construction de logements de secours.
35. Utilisation selon la revendication 34, caractérisée en ce que les corps stratifiés sont posés en forme de tente ou d'iglou, comme une natte, sur une ossature porteuse et sont fixés les uns aux autres.
36. Utilisation selon la revendication 35, caractérisée en ce que l'ossature est constituée de corps stratifiés durcis, en forme de bandes étroites, additionnés de liant et renforcés le cas échéant, par exemple, par des fers à béton.
37. Utilisation du corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 21 en tant que produits d'étanchéité pour joints.
38. Utilisation du corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 21 pour le remplissage de perforations de murs ou de plafonds recevant des conduits, tels que des conduites d'eau, des câbles électriques ou analogues.
39. Utilisation selon la revendication 38, caractérisée en ce que le corps stratifié contient, en plus des matériaux de construction, en particulier du sable, des matières gonflant par l'action de chaleur.
40. Utilisation du corps stratifié selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 21 et en particulier selon la revendication 38 ou 39 pour la protection contre l'incendie.
EP82106682A 1981-07-27 1982-07-23 Objet stratifié pour la construction et son application Expired EP0071213B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82106682T ATE19108T1 (de) 1981-07-27 1982-07-23 Schichtkoerper fuer bauzwecke und seine verwendung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3129535 1981-07-27
DE3129535 1981-07-27

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0071213A2 EP0071213A2 (fr) 1983-02-09
EP0071213A3 EP0071213A3 (en) 1984-05-09
EP0071213B1 EP0071213B1 (fr) 1986-04-09
EP0071213B2 true EP0071213B2 (fr) 1989-09-27

Family

ID=6137811

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82106682A Expired EP0071213B2 (fr) 1981-07-27 1982-07-23 Objet stratifié pour la construction et son application

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0071213B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5829657A (fr)
AT (1) ATE19108T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1209798A (fr)
DE (1) DE3270401D1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009012653B3 (de) * 2009-03-13 2010-10-21 Hit Hinrichs Innovation + Technik Gmbh Rutschsicheres Bodengitter
DE202010008331U1 (de) * 2010-08-23 2011-11-29 Tremco Illbruck Produktion Gmbh Schaumstoff-Dichtstreifen

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CH674999A5 (fr) * 1987-10-05 1990-08-15 Sarna Kunststoff Ag
DE59005120D1 (de) * 1990-04-03 1994-04-28 Friedrich Geb Verwendung eines Schutzelements für den Schutz von Abdichtbahnen im Deponiebau sowie ein Verfahren zum Abdichten von Deponieböden.
MY107915A (en) * 1990-12-11 1996-06-29 Claymax Corp Clay liner for steep slopes
US5174231A (en) * 1990-12-17 1992-12-29 American Colloid Company Water-barrier of water-swellable clay sandwiched between interconnected layers of flexible fabric needled together using a lubricant
US5237945A (en) * 1990-12-17 1993-08-24 American Colloid Company Water barrier formed from a clay-fiber mat
US5389166A (en) * 1990-12-17 1995-02-14 American Colloid Company Water barrier formed from a clay-fiber mat
DE4122992A1 (de) * 1991-07-11 1993-01-28 Naue Fasertechnik Verbesserter verbund im ueberlappungsbereich von vernadelten bentonit-dichtungsmatten
US5436050A (en) * 1993-01-19 1995-07-25 James Clem Corporation Tufted geosynthetic clay liner and method of manufacture thereof
DE29504458U1 (de) * 1995-03-16 1995-05-11 Friedrich Geb Matte
AT404213B (de) * 1996-05-28 1998-09-25 Kazil Otto Ing Erosionsschutz- und pflanzmatte
DE29620102U1 (de) * 1996-11-20 1997-01-09 Friedrich Geb Schutzmatte für den Wasserbau
DE19825645A1 (de) * 1998-06-09 1999-12-16 Paul Schreck Dichtungsmatte für den Einsatz im Tiefbau
DE10020859A1 (de) * 2000-04-28 2001-10-31 Nabento Vliesstoff Gmbh Dränmatte sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu ihrer Herstellung
DE102006047678A1 (de) * 2006-10-06 2008-04-10 Claudia Katrin Wilcke Erosionsschutzmatratze, Verfahren zur Schüttbefüllung der Erosionsschutzmatratze, Verfahren zur Horizontalbefüllung der Erosionsschutzmatratze
EP2426289A1 (fr) * 2010-07-12 2012-03-07 Christian Kadler Habillage de paroi sous forme de plaques
US20150352809A1 (en) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-10 Milliken & Company Cementitious composite
US20150352804A1 (en) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-10 Milliken & Company Cementitious composite
US20170360233A1 (en) * 2016-06-17 2017-12-21 David Michael Graham Anti-fatigue mat
GB201619738D0 (en) * 2016-11-22 2017-01-04 Concrete Canvas Tech Ltd Flexible Composite
CN116391068A (zh) * 2020-10-28 2023-07-04 科德宝高性能材料有限公司 侵蚀控制系统以及制造该侵蚀控制系统的方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009012653B3 (de) * 2009-03-13 2010-10-21 Hit Hinrichs Innovation + Technik Gmbh Rutschsicheres Bodengitter
DE202010008331U1 (de) * 2010-08-23 2011-11-29 Tremco Illbruck Produktion Gmbh Schaumstoff-Dichtstreifen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0071213A3 (en) 1984-05-09
EP0071213B1 (fr) 1986-04-09
JPS5829657A (ja) 1983-02-21
CA1209798A (fr) 1986-08-19
EP0071213A2 (fr) 1983-02-09
DE3270401D1 (en) 1986-05-15
ATE19108T1 (de) 1986-04-15

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