EP0555800B1 - Membrane imperméable à l'eau et/ou à l'huile comportant une argile expansible - Google Patents

Membrane imperméable à l'eau et/ou à l'huile comportant une argile expansible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0555800B1
EP0555800B1 EP93101929A EP93101929A EP0555800B1 EP 0555800 B1 EP0555800 B1 EP 0555800B1 EP 93101929 A EP93101929 A EP 93101929A EP 93101929 A EP93101929 A EP 93101929A EP 0555800 B1 EP0555800 B1 EP 0555800B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
bentonite
layer
sheeting according
woven
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93101929A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0555800A1 (fr
Inventor
Georg Dr.-Ing. Heerten
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Naue Fasertechnik GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Naue Fasertechnik GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Naue Fasertechnik GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Naue Fasertechnik GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0555800A1 publication Critical patent/EP0555800A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0555800B1 publication Critical patent/EP0555800B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/004—Sealing liners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a water and / or oil impermeable sealing mat according to the preamble of claim 1, which essentially consists of a layer provided with cover layers of swellable clay.
  • a sealing mat is known from EP-A-0 445 788.
  • a sealing mat is known from European patent specification 0 059 625, in which a flexible carrier layer carries a bentonite layer, on which in turn a cover layer can be located. All three layers, i.e. the carrier layer, which can be a nonwoven, the bentonite layer and the cover layer, which could have been an unspecified one, are connected to one another by means of an adhesive.
  • the backing layer and the top layer are only connected to one another via the bentonite layer, so that when used, because of the adhesive bond which is released when the bentonite layer becomes moist, there is no firm connection between the backing layer and top layer.
  • sealing mats In order to eliminate the main disadvantage of these sealing mats, sealing mats have already been developed by the applicant, which are described in our own German patent 37 04 503 and EP-A-0 445 788. These sealing mats essentially consist of a backing layer, a layer of swellable clay and a top layer, the backing and / or top layer consisting of a nonwoven fabric and the layer which may not consist of a nonwoven fabric consisting of a woven fabric, knitted fabric or a plastic film, in which all three layers are needled together.
  • the backing layer and the top layer remain firmly connected by the needling even during and after the swellable clay swells, the bentonite particles through the fibers which extend from the top layer through the bentonite layer into the backing layer, and vice versa, like being trapped in a cage.
  • the sealing mat can have a coarse-pored carrier nonwoven, in the pores of which swellable clay is embedded, the coarse-pored carrier nonwoven having the swellable clay embedded therein being needled on both sides with cover layers.
  • a reduction in the water permeability of these sealing mats can be achieved by first applying a floury bentonite to the support layer and, if necessary, shaking it in and then only applying the granular bentonite granules.
  • the floury bentonite into the carrier layer can also proceed by first impregnating the carrier layer with an aqueous bentonite suspension or rolling on an aqueous bentonite paste and only then, if necessary after drying beforehand, applying the granular bentonite granules.
  • the top layer can also be treated in the same way as the carrier layer before it is applied.
  • a water and / or oil impermeable sealing mat with a porous carrier material, in the pores of which swellable clay is embedded, wherein the porous carrier material with the swellable clay embedded therein is provided with cover layers on both sides in that at least one cover layer consists of a water-soluble film.
  • the carrier material used acts like a framework which gives the moist bentonite layer which is formed when it is used excellent stability and, on the one hand, ensures that the moist bentonite layer does not become a sliding plane and, on the other hand, the desired transmission of thrust is ensured. Since, when laying the sealing mats according to the invention, care must also be taken that the overlapping sealing mats must always be laid such that two water-soluble cover layers always come to lie on one another, it is further ensured that the bentonite layers of the overlapping sealing mats in the moist state so get intimate contact that the water permeability coefficients in the overlap area are in the same order of magnitude as the water permeability coefficients of the sealing mat itself.
  • the fact that the bentonite layers come to lie practically directly on top of one another means that none of the complex and carefully carried out joining techniques need be used, which means an enormous simplification of the laying work with regard to the sealing mats on the construction site.
  • the sealing mats according to the invention can be needled in situ in the overlap area, so that a non-positive connection is obtained in the overlap area, which ensures that there is no displacement of the nonwoven layers in the overlap area is possible.
  • the swellable clay embedded in the pores is preferably a bentonite.
  • Bentonites are clays with a noticeable to high smectite (montmorillonite) content, which decisively determines their properties (high swellability, good water binding capacity, high plasticity).
  • the alkaline earth ions of the bentonites are replaced by alkali ions, preferably sodium ions.
  • alkali ions preferably sodium ions.
  • Sodium bentonite with its greatly increased plasticity, viscosity, thixotropy and water absorption is therefore preferred as the "highly swellable" active bentonite.
  • the naturally occurring sodium bentonites are particularly preferred, in particular those that come from the mining area in Wyoming, USA.
  • the porous carrier material preferably consists of a nonwoven fabric or an open-cell foam plastic.
  • nonwovens and the foamed plastics which are at least so elastic that they can be wound on a roll, large-pored are preferred.
  • the preferred foamed plastics include open-pored, flexible polyurethane foams.
  • the nonwovens used preferably consist of quality plastic fibers, in particular of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyacrylic and / or polyamide fibers.
  • quality plastic fibers in particular of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyacrylic and / or polyamide fibers.
  • Particularly preferred in the field of landfill technology are nonwovens made of high density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene, which are rot-proof (resistant) to all substances found in water and soil and are therefore demonstrably extremely high Ensure durability.
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • polypropylene which are rot-proof (resistant) to all substances found in water and soil and are therefore demonstrably extremely high Ensure durability.
  • Their extremely high tensile strength means that they are largely insensitive to mechanical stress.
  • the nonwovens used are preferably spunbond nonwovens mechanically consolidated by needling. They are constructed in such a way that the crimped fibers form a flat structure with innumerable labyrinthine passages.
  • the structure of the nonwovens can be adjusted coarser or finer depending on the area of application, so that an optimal adaptation to the requirements is guaranteed.
  • the mechanical strengthening guarantees a framework structure that is essential for the purposes of the invention.
  • the nonwovens mechanically consolidated by needling it is also possible to use those nonwovens which have been mechanically consolidated by means of sewing technology or by swirling, or those nonwovens which have been chemically consolidated.
  • the porous carrier material is a two-layer composite nonwoven made from a coarse-pore nonwoven and a fine-pored nonwoven or a fine-mesh woven or knitted fabric or a finely perforated film, the fine-pored nonwoven or the woven or knitted fabric or the film forming a cover layer.
  • the two-layer composite nonwovens which can be used according to the invention include, for example, those which have been marketed by Naue-Fasertechnik for years under the trade name "TERRAFIX" as tried and tested hydraulic engineering mats.
  • the production width is usually 4.80 m and the length 100 m.
  • One nonwoven layer consists of a filter layer (fine-pored nonwoven) made of polyester and a drain layer (coarse-pored nonwoven) made of polypropylene fibers. The fibers are by needling solidified mechanically.
  • This two-layer composite fleece, which serves as a carrier layer has a layer thickness of greater than 6.0 mm. The characteristic values of such a two-layer composite fleece are shown in Table 1 below.
  • Another two-layer composite fleece suitable for the purposes of the present invention can be constructed such that a coarse-pored Nonwoven fabric is needled with a fabric, preferably a fine-mesh fabric, or a knitted fabric, preferably a fine knitted fabric, or a finely perforated film.
  • a three-layer composite fleece can also be advantageous, which consists of two coarse-pore nonwovens needled together, with a fine-mesh fabric or knitted fabric or a finely perforated film between the two nonwoven layers, which is also needled.
  • a fine-mesh fabric or knitted fabric or a finely perforated film between the two nonwoven layers, which is also needled.
  • only the one large-pore nonwoven layer is filled with bentonite and then sealed with the water-soluble film.
  • the other, non-filled, coarse-pored nonwoven layer is used to compensate for unevenness in the ground and to ensure that the installed sealing mat is non-slip.
  • the laying is carried out in such a way that the top layer consisting of water-soluble film comes to lie alternately upwards and downwards, so that the top layers of water-soluble film always lie directly in the overlap region Are in contact with each other.
  • the water-soluble cover layer or the fine-pored nonwoven, the woven fabric, the knitted fabric or the film is colored.
  • these "multi-layer composite nonwovens" sealing mats are laid in such a way that first two sheets of the sealing mat are laid parallel to one another at a distance with the water-soluble top layer and then a third sheet of the sealing mat with the water-soluble top layer facing down on the free floor strip, the distance between the two first installed sealing sheets is chosen so that the desired overlap width is obtained on both sides.
  • sealing mats according to the invention which carry the water-soluble film as a covering layer on both sides, they can be laid in the usual way, since with these sealing mats two covering layers made of water-soluble film always come to lie on top of one another.
  • Purely inorganic films include those based on water glass.
  • Aqueous solutions of alkali silicate, preferably of sodium silicate are suitable as water glasses.
  • Such water glass solutions are commercially available and form the desired film on drying, it having proven particularly advantageous if bentonite, preferably sodium bentonite, is introduced into such an aqueous water glass solution.
  • bentonite preferably sodium bentonite
  • the mixing of the water glass solution with the bentonite is most conveniently carried out in such a way that an aqueous bentonite dispersion is prepared beforehand, and this is then mixed with the aqueous water glass solution.
  • the amount of bentonite to be introduced depends entirely on the viscosity with which you want to apply the silicate solution. In addition to low-viscosity mixtures, those which are pasty and which are knife-coated or rolled onto the surfaces to be sealed are also suitable.
  • organic film-forming substances in particular aqueous starch, dextrin, casein or glutin glues as well as aqueous cellulose ether or cellulose ester paste and aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solutions have been found.
  • All of the above Aqueous systems are advantageously mixed with bentonite, preferably a sodium bentonite, in a similar way to the aqueous water glass solution, the amount of bentonite introduced likewise again depending on the desired viscosity.
  • the aqueous starch glues include, in particular, those based on potato and corn starches. If necessary, these starch glues are used in combination with casein solutions.
  • the water-soluble dextrin glues are used.
  • the dextrins are thermal breakdown products of the starches.
  • Casein glues include those that were made in particular from milk protein.
  • casein glues so-called collagens from animal hides and bones can be used for glue jellies and glutin glues.
  • methyl cellulose which in aqueous solutions, for. B. is used as wallpaper paste.
  • cellulose esters special mention should be made of cellulose acetate, which is soluble in water with a degree of esterification of 0.6 to 0.9 and a content of bound acetic acid of 18 to 26%.
  • the water-soluble film formers preferred according to the invention include those based on polyvinyl alcohol.
  • polyvinyl alcohols only those which form aqueous solutions and which are used, for example, for simple paper gluing are preferred.
  • aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solutions are also preferably used in a mixture with bentonite.
  • the aqueous coating compositions forming the cover layers can be sprayed on, knife-coated, rolled on or applied by means of other known techniques. Since the cover layers should dry relatively quickly, it is advisable to blow them off with hot air or to move them past appropriate heating elements. B. radiant heaters allow a quick drying process.
  • both sides of the sealing mat are sealed with the water-soluble films.
  • the bentonite powder is sprinkled and shaken on a coarse-pored nonwoven fabric that is transported lying on a lower conveyor belt and covered with an upper conveyor belt.
  • Both conveyor belts are then guided vertically upwards with the filled sealing membrane in between, with both conveyor belts being deflected at the same height to the return.
  • the water-soluble film is then applied from both sides at the same time and then dried.
  • the resulting sealing sheet is then wound on a roll for use.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Natte d'étanchéité imperméable à l'eau et/ou à l'huile avec un matériau de support ou support poreux, dans les pores duquel est emmagasinée de l'argile susceptible de gonfler, tandis que le support poreux avec l'argile susceptible de gonfler emmagasinée à l'intérieur est muni des deux côtés de couches de recouvrement, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins une couche de recouvrement se compose d'une pellicule soluble dans l'eau.
  2. Natte d'étanchéité selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le support se compose d'une étoffe à pores grossiers non tissée, de préférence d'une étoffe de fibres de matière plastique, en particulier de fibres de polyester ou de polyoléfine.
  3. Natte d'étanchéité selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce que les deux couches de recouvrement se composent d'une pellicule soluble dans l'eau.
  4. Natte d'étanchéité selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce que le support est un tissu composé de deux couches d'une étoffe non tissée à pores grossiers et d'une étoffe à pores fins ou d'un tissage ou tissu à fine maille ou d'une feuille perforée très finement, l'étoffe à pores fins ou le tissage ou le tissu ou la feuille formant une couche de recouvrement.
  5. Natte d'étanchéité selon la revendication 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que dans le cas de l'existence d'une seule couche de recouvrement composée d'une pellicule soluble dans l'eau soit la pellicule soluble dans l'eau, soit l'étoffe à pores fins non tissée, soit le tissage ou le tissu ou la feuille sont teintés.
  6. Natte d'étanchéité selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le support poreux est une matière plastique cellulaire élastique à pores ouverts, à pores grossiers.
  7. Natte d'étanchéité selon les revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la pellicule soluble dans l'eau est constituée d'un mélange de verre soluble et de bentonite.
  8. Natte d'étanchéité selon les revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la pellicule soluble dans l'eau est formée de colle d'amidon, de colle de dextrine, de colle de caséine ou de colle animale, éventuellement en mélange avec de la bentonite.
  9. Natte d'étanchéité selon les revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la pellicule soluble dans l'eau est formée de colles d'éthers cellulosiques ou de colles d'esters cellulosiques, éventuellement en mélange avec de la bentonite.
  10. Natte d'étanchéité selon les revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la pellicule soluble dans l'eau est formée d'une solution aqueuse d'alcool de polyvinyle, éventuellement en mélange avec de la bentonite.
EP93101929A 1992-02-11 1993-02-08 Membrane imperméable à l'eau et/ou à l'huile comportant une argile expansible Expired - Lifetime EP0555800B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4203861 1992-02-11
DE4203861A DE4203861A1 (de) 1992-02-11 1992-02-11 Wasser- und/oder oelundurchlaessige dichtungsmatte aus quellfaehigem ton

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0555800A1 EP0555800A1 (fr) 1993-08-18
EP0555800B1 true EP0555800B1 (fr) 1995-05-03

Family

ID=6451349

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93101929A Expired - Lifetime EP0555800B1 (fr) 1992-02-11 1993-02-08 Membrane imperméable à l'eau et/ou à l'huile comportant une argile expansible

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0555800B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE122120T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2089331A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ385392A3 (fr)
DE (2) DE4203861A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX9300720A (fr)
SK (1) SK385392A3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4418613A1 (de) * 1994-05-27 1995-11-30 Sued Chemie Ag Dichtmaterial gegen organische Flüssigkeiten
DE4418646A1 (de) * 1994-05-27 1995-11-30 Sued Chemie Ag Quellfähige Smektit-Dichtschicht
DE29516797U1 (de) * 1995-10-24 1995-12-14 Envirotec Handelsgesellschaft für Abfall- und Deponietechnik mbH, 65719 Hofheim Material zur Beschichtung von Flächen und Abdeckschicht mit diesem Material
IT1304954B1 (it) * 1997-06-18 2001-04-05 Ennio Zamperini Manufatto impermeabilizzante per uso edile
DE19733740C2 (de) * 1997-06-19 2002-03-28 Jena Geos Ingenieurbuero Gmbh Wasserdurchtritts-reduzierende Oberflächenabdeckung von Ablagerungen
DE19813611A1 (de) * 1998-03-27 1999-09-30 Huesker Synthetic Gmbh & Co Dichtungsmatte
DE19816705A1 (de) * 1998-04-15 1999-10-21 Nabento Vliesstoff Gmbh Dichtungsmatte
DE19827909A1 (de) * 1998-06-23 1999-12-30 Hans Zauser Dichtmatte zur Herstellung einer flüssigkeitsdichten Schicht im Erdreich
DE10218647A1 (de) * 2002-04-25 2003-11-06 Peter Weiers Reitplatzabdichtung
EP1496162A1 (fr) * 2003-07-10 2005-01-12 Yuley Stoyanoff Produit géosynthétique isolant à structure stable

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4048373A (en) * 1974-05-23 1977-09-13 American Colloid Company Water barrier panel
US4565468A (en) * 1983-10-24 1986-01-21 Crawford Leslie A Moisture impervient barrier and method for making same
DE3704503C3 (de) * 1987-02-13 1998-02-26 Naue Fasertechnik Wasserundurchlässige Dichtungsmatte
GB2243804A (en) * 1990-03-06 1991-11-13 Naue Fasertechnik A water and/or oil-impermeable sealing mat

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE122120T1 (de) 1995-05-15
DE59300170D1 (de) 1995-06-08
EP0555800A1 (fr) 1993-08-18
CZ385392A3 (en) 1993-09-15
DE4203861A1 (de) 1993-08-12
CA2089331A1 (fr) 1993-08-12
SK385392A3 (en) 1994-12-07
MX9300720A (es) 1993-11-01

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