EP1534515A2 - Natte et bande d'etancheite comportant une couche superabsorbante, procede de fabrication et utilisation associes - Google Patents

Natte et bande d'etancheite comportant une couche superabsorbante, procede de fabrication et utilisation associes

Info

Publication number
EP1534515A2
EP1534515A2 EP03787565A EP03787565A EP1534515A2 EP 1534515 A2 EP1534515 A2 EP 1534515A2 EP 03787565 A EP03787565 A EP 03787565A EP 03787565 A EP03787565 A EP 03787565A EP 1534515 A2 EP1534515 A2 EP 1534515A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
sealing
mat
plastic
adhesive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03787565A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Paul Vogt
Ralf RÖHLEN
Martin Tennie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1534515A2 publication Critical patent/EP1534515A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/026—Knitted fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
    • C09K3/1025—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers characterised by non-chemical features of one or more of its constituents
    • C09K3/1028—Fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/004—Sealing liners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E04B1/665—Sheets or foils impervious to water and water vapor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • B32B37/1207—Heat-activated adhesive
    • B32B2037/1215—Hot-melt adhesive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/716—Degradable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
    • B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2581/00—Seals; Sealing equipment; Gaskets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sealing mat with a swellable material arranged between textile fabrics, in particular nonwoven mat.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing such a sealing mat and the use thereof.
  • the invention relates to a sealing mat according to the preamble of claim 32 and a method for their production and their use.
  • the invention further relates to a sealing membrane according to claim 40 and its production and use.
  • DE-A-19521350 or DE-A-19625245 and DE-A-19628493 show a sealing mat in which a water-absorbing substance in powder form is sprinkled into a mechanically strengthened nonwoven or into a fabric or in which the nonwoven or fabric with such
  • EP-A-0 588 288 shows the formation of a plastic film which contains a swellable material.
  • DE-A-2649113 shows water barrier plates made of corrugated cardboard with bentonite material embedded in the spaces between them. Water-blocking, swellable material for linear sealing or for sealing joints, cracks and the formation of barrier profiles is e.g. known from the following documents: EP-A-0318615, JP 1066285 (published March 13, 1989), JP 2002180031 (published June 26, 2002), JP 2001303896 (published October 31, 2001), JP 60240779 (published November 29, 1985) ), JP 8157805 (published June 18, 1996) and JP 2206657 (published August 16, 1990).
  • Plastic films are known.
  • specially designed plastic sealing sheets for sealing tunnel vaults are known, these plastic sealing sheets having multiple layers and, in addition to the actual sealing layer, having a signal layer of a different color, by means of which a violation of the sealing sheets is indicated;
  • Such types of waterproofing membranes are generally certified, i.e. approved by governmental or private certification bodies for use in the manufacture of tunnel seals. Presentation of the invention
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a light, high-density sealing mat. This task is done with the characteristic
  • the swellable material is a super absorber and an adhesive, which is arranged directly between two textile fabrics or on the layer, results in a light sealing mat or sealing membrane with very high swelling capacity and good stability, which is also easy to produce.
  • the layer of superabsorbent and adhesive preferably a hot melt, can swell and thus seal well and at the same time creates the connection of the material to the textile fabrics that separate the material between itself and partly. also in itself or to the position on which the material is arranged.
  • the one textile fabric is a fleece and the other textile fabric is a fabric, which fabrics enclose the superabsorber between them and are connected to one another by the adhesive. Water that reaches the sealing mat on the fabric side under pressure can pass through its mesh to the superabsorber, the fabric not distributing the water laterally.
  • the fleece layers or mats consist of a continuous fiber fleece, which results in particularly good water entry or water distribution, so that the swellability of the superabsorbent can be used particularly well.
  • Such nonwovens are preferred to staple fiber nonwovens made from very short individual fibers.
  • a fabric made of a chemical fiber, for example made of polyethylene fibers, is preferably used as the fabric. It is furthermore particularly preferred if the weight of the nonwoven is in a range from 80 g / m 2 to 200 g / m 2 , with good results also being able to be achieved at 50 g / m 2 to 300 g / m 2 .
  • the superabsorbent is preferably in powder powder. Granular shape arranged between the textile fabrics.
  • the proportion of adhesive or hot melt is 10 to 30 percent by weight, preferably 15 to 25 percent by weight and preferably approximately 20 percent by weight, based on the amount of superabsorbent. This results in good adhesion without too much of the superabsorbent being surrounded by hotmelt and thus restricting its water absorption capacity. Different granule sizes of the superabsorbent are preferably used at the same time. In the preferred embodiment with fleece on the one hand and fabric on the other hand, the ratio of super absorber to adhesive is, for example, 60:40. In addition to the superabsorbent, another hydrophilic substance, such as alumina fibers (bentonite), can be provided.
  • alumina fibers bentonite
  • the proportion of superabsorbent in percent by weight or volume is preferably above 50%, more preferably above 80%.
  • the sealing mat is preferably provided on one side, for example a fabric side, with a removable protective layer, for example a plastic film. Due to its simple construction, the sealing mat can easily be rolled and form a transport unit as a roll, the protective layer being on the outside. Instead of a removable protective layer, a protective layer that can be broken down by water can also be sprayed on, for example.
  • the sealing mat is preferably designed as a long, sheet-like mat and has longitudinally side edge areas on which the material is exposed on one side, so that adjacent sheets can be glued in the edge area to form an entire mat.
  • it is provided on one or both sides with a more or less tight cover permanently attached to one or both textile layers.
  • covers provided on both sides these are preferably sewn together from both sides.
  • the above variants are also preferred for the sealing mat with one layer.
  • the invention is further based on the object of providing a method for producing the sealing mat.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved sealing membrane, preferably for tunnel construction.
  • a plastic sealing membrane is provided with a layer of material that swells when water is absorbed, injuries to the plastic sealing membrane when water enters can be caused by the swelling material to be sealed. Since no fleece or fabric layers are provided, but rather the swelling material rests on the plastic sealing membrane, if necessary with thin adhesive and / or adhesive layers or foil layers in between, or without such directly on the plastic sealing membrane, there is no distribution effect due to textile fabric for the penetrating water, but an effect narrowly limited to the point of injury. Furthermore, the plastic sealing membrane can be installed directly without the need to use additional mats.
  • the plastic geomembranes are preferably plastic geomembranes that are constructed at least in two layers with a gasket layer and signal layer and in particular are plastic geomembranes that are certified for tunnel seals.
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a sealing mat
  • Figure 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a sealing mat
  • Figure 2A shows a modification of the example of Figure 2
  • Figure 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment of a sealing mat
  • Figure 4 is a sheet-shaped sealing mat in
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a view of a surface mining tunnel to explain a first preferred use of the sealing mat
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows a view of an underground construction tunnel to explain a further preferred use of the sealing mat
  • FIG. 8 shows a three-dimensional representation to explain a use
  • FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional illustration according to FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further three-dimensional representation of a use
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view according to
  • Figure 12 shows an embodiment of a sealing mat with a layer
  • FIG. 13 shows a side view of a first embodiment of a sealing membrane
  • FIG. 14 shows a side view of a second embodiment of a sealing membrane
  • FIG. 15 shows the edge areas of two sealing sheets which are designed for partial overlap
  • FIG. 16 schematically shows a view of a surface mining tunnel to explain a preferred use of the sealing membrane
  • FIG. 17 schematically shows a view of an underground construction tunnel to explain a preferred use of the sealing membrane.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first preferred example of a sealing mat 10. This has a first
  • Layer-forming textile fabric 1 which is preferably a nonwoven layer, which hereinafter also referred to as the backing layer.
  • An upper layer 2 in the drawing also consists of a textile fabric, for example also made of nonwoven, and is also referred to below as a cover layer. Between the two flat structures or layers 1 and 2 and connecting them, there is a super absorber and an adhesive, which together form the material 3.
  • nonwovens we are basically talking about a flexible, porous and in particular water-permeable textile fabric in the sense of a so-called nonwoven textile fabric, which is a fleece or a felt and not a woven or knitted fabric or knitted fabric.
  • textile fabrics encompasses such fabrics, knitted fabrics or knitted fabrics and textile composites.
  • the layers 1, 2 preferably consist of a fleece made of polypropylene fibers. It is further preferred in this example and also in the following examples if the nonwoven is formed from continuous fibers and not from short staple fibers.
  • the nonwovens can have been produced in any known manner.
  • one textile fabric 1 is formed by a fleece and the other textile fabric 2 is formed by a fabric.
  • a synthetic fiber fabric is preferred.
  • the opening or optical mesh size of the fabric is preferably larger than 0.30 mm and preferably larger than 0.60 mm.
  • Such fabrics allow good access of the water to the swellable mixture of superabsorbent granulate and adhesive and do not conduct the water laterally, i.e. in the plane of the fabric, or only slightly, which is only effective for the sealing of the building in the area of the leak.
  • Suitable fabrics consist, for example, of multifilament or ribbon yarns and, for example, of high-density polyethylene (PEHD) or polypropylene (PP) for the transverse direction and, for example, of PEHD monofilament yarns for the longitudinal direction.
  • PEHD high-density polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • fabrics with such a structure are, for example, type C 50.002 or D 00.006 from Huesker Synthetic GmbH, Germany. It is also possible to use fabrics for both layers 1 and 2.
  • superabsorbents it means known superabsorbent polymers which are water-insoluble, hydrophilic, crosslinked polymers which swell and form Hydrogels can absorb and store large amounts of aqueous liquid.
  • Such superabsorbers do not release the absorbed liquid even under pressure.
  • the absorption capacity for liquid can be 30 to 500 times the volume of the superabsorbent.
  • These substances are generally known and commercially available.
  • commercially available superabsorbers from Degussa Stockhausen GmbH and Co. KG, Krefeld, Germany are used, for example of the type Z 1099 or Cabloc CT.
  • a certain proportion of mineral swellable substances can also be used in the material layer 3, for example swellable alumina (bentonite).
  • the material 3 also contains an adhesive which holds the three layers together or connects the layers 1 and 2 together with the layer 3.
  • a foamed plastic can also be used as an adhesive or connecting means for the layers.
  • the adhesive added to the superabsorbent is preferably a commercially available hotmelt adhesive.
  • Such adhesives are well known and can also be used in a foamed form with the addition of gas.
  • an adhesive with a low melting temperature in the range of approx. 80 to approx. 100 ° C is used.
  • the connection of the two textile fabrics 1 and 2 can also be reinforced by additional sewing or stapling, if this is desired. A seamless or stapling-free connection and thus a connection only by gluing is preferred in the example shown in order to enable the best possible swelling.
  • the nonwoven layers have a thickness of less than one millimeter to a few millimeters or up to 1.5 cm and can have the same or different thicknesses 3 on both sides of the material.
  • the layer thicknesses shown in the drawings are only to be understood schematically and to explain the structure in all the figures and are not shown in true size and not to scale.
  • the weight per unit area of the nonwoven layers is preferably 50 to 300 g / m 2 , particularly preferably 80 to 200 g / m 2 .
  • the weight per unit area of the fabric which preferably forms an outer layer is, for example, 150 g / m 2 or, for example, 210 g / m 2 .
  • the weight per unit area of layer 3 is preferably 100 to 600 g per m 2 , this including a hot melt adhesive of 10 to 30 percent by weight, preferably 15 to 25 percent by weight and in particular approximately 20 percent by weight. This results in a good cohesion of the sealing mat without substantial amounts of the superabsorbent being completely surrounded by the hot melt and thus losing all or part of its ability to swell.
  • the superabsorbent is preferably used as powder or granulate, depending on the grain size.
  • a fine powder or granulate results in very rapid swelling when in contact with water, but less water ability.
  • a coarse powder or granulate results in slower swelling but more water absorption. It is preferred if different powders or granule sizes of the superabsorbent are used simultaneously in layer 3. Possible granule sizes are, for example, from 200 ⁇ to 2 mm in diameter. It is also possible to use only one uniform size (within the manufacturing tolerance).
  • the production of the sealing mat shown is simple and inexpensive, in that the nonwoven layer 1 is sprinkled with a mixture of superabsorber as homogeneous as possible, at most in different granule sizes, and adhesive, preferably from hot melt, preferably also in granule form, the spreading preferably being done by machine takes place in order to achieve the most uniform possible distribution of superabsorbent and adhesive on the carrier layer.
  • the cover layer 2, in particular as a fabric is applied to the carrier layer 1 sprinkled with the material 3 and the entire mat 10 is treated by compression, for example by means of rollers and, in the case of hot melt adhesive, heating by heating means in such a way that the hot melt adhesive melts and then cools down again, which leads to a connection of the layers.
  • the mat is preferably produced in webs that are wide and many meters long and rolled up into a roll for transport. It is preferred if, on one side (or also on both sides) of the mat, a removable plastic film is possibly applied to the nonwoven layer and especially to the fabric layer as a protective layer for transport and until the mat is used. Production in a different way is also possible, for example by first applying the superabsorbent to the backing layer, and then punctually or in strips or in a grid-like manner by spraying on an adhesive, after which the covering layer 2 is placed on and pressed between the rollers. follows. In this case too, a non-permanent protective layer or protective layers can be applied on the outside.
  • a protective layer for these it is also possible for a protective layer to be sprayed on, in which case it is designed in such a way that it can be degraded by the action of water. It is also possible with all examples that, in the case of a hot melt adhesive, this also as water. swellable adhesive is designed which also contains superabsorbent particles in itself. Such water-swellable hot melt adhesives are known. All substances used should be toxicologically and ecotoxicologically safe for groundwater and drinking water.
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show a preferred embodiment of the sheet-like sealing mat, the same reference numbers as previously used being the same
  • FIG. 4 shows a top view of the top layer 2, it being evident that the top layer 2 and the top layer 1 are laterally offset by a certain amount, for example a few centimeters, so that the layer 3 made of superabsorbent and adhesive at the edges the web is exposed once on the carrier layer and once on the cover layer.
  • FIG. 5 shows this correspondingly in section along the line AA from FIG. 4.
  • the layer thicknesses have not been chosen to scale for better illustration in the drawing.
  • FIG. 5 shows how a large-area sealing mat can be formed when such sealing mat sheets are placed next to one another.
  • a material structure is formed in the exposed edge areas of the carrier layer 1 of the sealing mat web, which consists of super absorber granulate particles held by the hot melt that has already been melted. If such sealing mat sheets are placed next to one another, the hot melt can be melted again by the action of heat in the overlapping edge area, which binding of the different webs results. At most, a larger amount of hot melt and / or super absorber can be provided in the edge area during production.
  • a superabsorbent / hotmelt mixture can also be applied to the free edge area of the cover layer 2 (on the right in FIGS. 4 and 5) in a separate production step.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a sealing mat 11, which can be constructed with the layers 1 to 3 in the same way as explained in all previous examples.
  • at least one, usually 2-layer, plastic sealing membrane (KDB) 4 is now provided on one side, which is, for example, a KDB certified for tunnel construction, which is permanently mechanically, by gluing and / or by welding with the one fleece layer (on both sides Fleeces), but in the example shown is connected to layer 2, which is preferably a fabric layer.
  • the swellable sealing mat can be laminated directly onto the plastic sealing membrane at the manufacturer of the plastic sealing membrane.
  • FIG. 2A shows such a sealing mat 36, in which a plastic sealing sheet 34, 35 is provided on both sides of the textile fabrics 31, 32, which accommodate the swelling and connecting layers 33, 32, and each has a corresponding one Layer 32 or 31 is connected.
  • This combination can be used as a flexible seal with a swellable, water-proof property for pressurized water maintenance in civil engineering.
  • the single or multi-layer plastic sealing membrane is on the water-containing side and usually keeps the water away from the building. If the sealing membrane 4 is damaged, the sealing is added by the swelling of the sealing mat, which will be explained in more detail using an example.
  • the plastic sealing membrane KDB can in turn be laminated on its side facing away from layer 1 or 2 with a textile fabric be, for example with a fleece. Instead of the KDB, another plastic film can also be provided.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment, the layers 1 to 3 again being implemented in the same way as already described.
  • a more or less liquid-permeable cover 5 or 6 is now arranged on both sides of the sealing mat formed in this way and these foils are preferably connected to one another through the sealing mat by a sewing 7.
  • the result is the sealing mat 12.
  • it can be used as a self-supporting sealing element, which does not have to be used in conjunction with a separate plastic sealing membrane. It results in a construction that is stable in itself and can withstand the swelling pressure that builds up, e.g. for use in earthworks, landfills, ponds etc.
  • FIG. 6 now shows, on the one hand, to explain the function of the sealing mat and, on the other hand, as a preferred example of use, a vault 14 of a surface tunnel.
  • Earth layers (not shown) are arranged above this vault and the vault is to be protected against the ingress of water from the outside in the direction of arrow B.
  • webs of a sealing mat according to the invention for example the sealing mat 10 from FIG. 1 or at most 11 from FIG. 2, are now rolled out over the vault and connected, for example according to FIGS. 4 and 5, to form an uninterrupted sealing mat over the entire vault.
  • a nonwoven layer 1 rests directly on the concrete surface of the vault 14.
  • a plastic sealing sheet 15, which is designed in a known manner, is then applied over the sealing mat 10.
  • plastic sealing sheets are applied to the vault in an overlapping manner next to one another and welded to form a gapless plastic envelope.
  • the plastic sealing membrane of FIG. 2 or of FIG. 2A can function as the casing 15 take over or be present in addition to this.
  • water can penetrate through the casing 15 along the reinforcing iron 17.
  • the water hits the sealing mat 10 and can easily penetrate its layer 2 in all directions if the layer 2 is a non-woven layer.
  • the superabsorbent comes into contact with the aqueous liquid and begins to swell strongly wherever this is the case. Since the mat 10 is exposed to pressure between the tunnel vault 14 and the layers of earth lying above the casing 15, the swelling superabsorber also creates a strong pressure on the leakage in the reinforcing iron 17.
  • the layer 2 is a fabric that the water does not conduct laterally and contributes to a more selective sealing than a fleece. This leak is permanently sealed in both ways, since the superabsorbent retains the water it absorbs and thus its swollen shape.
  • FIG. 7 shows another example of use in the underground construction of a tunnel vault. With 20 the profile of the eruption in the rock is designated and with 21 a shotcrete layer that has been applied to the rock.
  • a plastic cover 15 in the form of welded plastic sheets is applied to this shotcrete layer.
  • a sealing mat according to the invention in particular one according to the example from FIG. 1, optionally one according to FIG. 2, is applied to the plastic sleeve 15.
  • the fastening of the sealing mat 10 to the plastic sleeve can be done in any known manner Way.
  • voids which are undesired they can be compensated or filled with an additional injection of a hardening material 22 which is introduced between the structure 24 and the sealing mat 10 and / or between the shotcrete 21 and the casing 15.
  • a hardening material 22 which is introduced between the structure 24 and the sealing mat 10 and / or between the shotcrete 21 and the casing 15.
  • water which enters in the direction of arrow B is eliminated in the event of a leak in the plastic casing 15, for example, again as a result of a protruding reinforcing bar 17, in that the water which passes through the plastic casing 15 hits the sealing mat 10, which is what strong swelling or the strong pressure exerted on the leak, which prevents further water inflow.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show in a diagrammatic representation or in a sectional representation a preferred use of a sealing mat according to the invention or at most a sealing membrane according to the invention.
  • FIG 20 is in the diagram the tunnel excavation of an underground construction tunnel is shown in FIG. Tubbing elements 50 are arranged in this outbreak in a known manner.
  • Tubbing elements 50 are arranged in this outbreak in a known manner.
  • a seal is now applied to the inside of the tunnel segments. After this sealing, the inner shell of the tunnel is formed in a known manner, which is not shown.
  • FIG. 8 various stages of the application of the seal to the inside of the tubbing are shown in order to better explain the structure.
  • the total area is divided into individual fields, for which purpose partition profiles 51 are used.
  • a plastic sealing sheet which is usually a certified plastic sheeting, is first applied to the inside of the segments as an outer layer.
  • the plastic sealing membrane 52 which is only partially shown.
  • FIG. 9 shows that the plastic sealing sheet, which is, for example, a 2 mm thick two-layer sealing sheet, is further provided with a laminated nonwoven layer 53, which points towards the inner tubbing surface.
  • the fleece 53 is fastened to the concrete surface of the segments, for example by means of adhesive, which is shown in FIG. 9 by means of the adhesive beads 54.
  • the adhesive is, for example, a hot melt adhesive.
  • the sealing profiles 51 are glued or welded onto the surface of the plastic sealing membrane 52, as can be seen in FIG. 9, in which two manual weld seams 55 are shown.
  • Corresponding partition profiles made of plastic are known.
  • the plastic Dic tungsbahn 52 the water-blocking sealing mat 57 is now arranged.
  • assembly gluing can be carried out with an adhesive, which is indicated by the adhesive beads 63. Again, it can be a hot melt adhesive.
  • the sealing mat 57 is present invention, in the simplest form according to the example of Figure 1. A correspondingly covered field can be seen in Figure 8.
  • a further plastic sealing membrane 60 is now preferably arranged above the sealing mat 57, which in turn can be a certified sealing membrane, for example 2 mm thick. Their attachment to the sealing mat can in turn be done by gluing, which is indicated by the adhesive beads 61, for example a hot melt adhesive.
  • the individual plastic sealing sheets 52 are sealed or welded to one another, which can be seen, for example, at the seams 59.
  • the sealing membrane 60 is glued or welded to the partition profiles 51, which is indicated by the seams 62 in FIG. 9.
  • the finished sealed fields in FIG. 8 are the two fields at the rear in the drawing, in which the plastic sealing membrane 60 can be seen as the surface. Of course, modifications to the use shown can be made.
  • sealing sheet and sealing mat instead of the separate plastic sealing sheet and sealing mat, a sealing mat and plastic sealing sheet connected during manufacture can be used, as has been described above with the aid of examples. It is also possible to use sealing sheets according to the invention in which the superabsorber is arranged directly between two plastic sealing sheets, as explained below.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 show the procedure in a preferred use for sealing opencast mines in a correspondingly diagrammatic and also cut representation.
  • a single-layer, pressurized water-retaining plastic seal with the built-in water-blocking system according to the present invention is shown.
  • the individual elements of the tunnel vault made of constructional concrete 65 can be seen in FIG. 10.
  • a sealing mat 66 according to one of the exemplary embodiments of the invention is applied to this. It can again for gluing or just hanging up.
  • Bulkhead profiles 67 in turn serve to form individual sectors or fields.
  • a plastic sealing membrane 68 is arranged over the sealing mat, for example glued or even just put on, the individual sealing membranes being connected to one another (double seam 69) or to the partition profile (seams 70).
  • an edge closure band 71 can be provided on the underside.
  • FIG. 12 shows a sealing mat 30, which has a layer made of a textile fabric 25, and a layer 26 arranged thereon on one side, which is formed by a superabsorbent with an adhesive.
  • the adhesive forms the attachment of the super absorber to the layer .25.
  • the sealing mat consists only of this one layer 25 and the one-sided coating 26.
  • a second layer 27 of the mixture of superabsorbent and adhesive can be on the other surface of the Layer 25 may be provided.
  • a cover 28 can first be provided over the superabsorbent layer 26. This cover can also consist of a textile material and be more or less permeable to liquids.
  • a film or a plastic sealing membrane can also be provided as a cover 28, which is liquid-tight.
  • a further cover 29 can be provided directly on the other side of the layer 25 or in the case of a further layer 27 above this layer 27, as shown in FIG. 8. The same applies to the cover 29 as stated for the cover 28.
  • the formation of the layer 25 is preferably carried out in the same way as carried out on the basis of the textile fabrics of the preceding examples. All variants of these layers can also be used for the layer 25 as far as possible.
  • the layer 25 also preferably consists of a nonwoven, in particular an endless fiber nonwoven, or a woven fabric.
  • the adhesive is preferably a hot-melt adhesive and the superabsorber can also be one of the preferred types indicated.
  • the layer 26 is again formed by sprinkling powder or granules of the specified sizes and preferably different sizes simultaneously.
  • the superabsorber is attached to the layer 25 by melting and allowing the hot melt to solidify.
  • the hot melt adhesive can be applied simultaneously with the super absorber or before it is applied.
  • Other adhesives can also be used, as described in the previous sealing mats.
  • the use of the sealing mat 30 can in principle be carried out in the same way as has been explained for the sealing mats 10 and 11.
  • the layer 25 rests on the structure and the layer 26 bears against the plastic shell 15. This is preferred.
  • a reverse arrangement remains possible.
  • the introduction is also clear for the variant with the additional layer 27, in which case a layer of superabsorber is applied to both the shell 15 and the structure.
  • FIG. 13 shows a first embodiment of a sealing membrane according to a further aspect of the invention in a side view.
  • the layer thicknesses shown are also not shown in true size and not to scale, but only schematically for explanation. construction. This also applies to the other figures.
  • the sealing membrane 35 has a carrier layer which is formed by a commercially available plastic sealing membrane 31.
  • This is preferably a multi-layer sealing membrane and, in addition to the actual sealing layer 32, has a signal layer 33 which differs in color.
  • the thickness of the plastic sealing membrane can e.g. 2 mm to 4 mm.
  • Such plastic geomembranes can be certified for use in tunnel construction.
  • a plastic sealing membrane that can be used here is e.g. Commercial plastic sealing sheets from Sarna AG or Sika AG or Agru GmbH. Such plastic sealing membranes can also be used in the examples according to FIGS. 1 to 12 if the term is used to refer to plastic sealing membranes.
  • a layer 34 is arranged lying on the plastic sealing membrane 31 and connected to it, which experiences a strong swelling when water is absorbed.
  • Layer 4 can in particular contain or consist of a so-called super absorber.
  • superabsorbents e.g. known superabsorbent polymers are meant, which are water-insoluble, hydrophilic, crosslinked polymers which can absorb and store large amounts of aqueous liquid with the swelling and formation of hydrogels. Such superabsorbers do not release the absorbed liquid even under pressure. Depending on the type of liquid, the absorption capacity for liquid can be 30 times to 500 times the own volume of the superabsorbent.
  • These substances are generally known and commercially available. For the example of Figure 13 and the other examples, e.g. commercially available superabsorbents from Degussa
  • the layer 34 further preferably contains an adhesive which ensures the formation of a sufficiently solid layer 34 and its adhesion to the plastic sealing membrane.
  • the adhesive added to the superabsorbent is preferably a commercially available hotmelt adhesive. Such adhesives are well known. An adhesive with a low melting temperature in the range from approximately 80 to approximately 100 ° C. is preferably used.
  • the layer 34 can also consist of a plastic, preferably a foamed plastic, for example of the same type as the plastic sealing membrane, the plastic forming the layer 34 together with the superabsorbent material.
  • the weight per unit area of the layer 34 is, for example, 100 to 600 g per m 2 , this including an amount of adhesive or plastic, in particular a hot melt adhesive close to 10 to 40 percent by weight, preferably 20 to 30 percent by weight and in particular approximately 25 percent by weight. This results in a good cohesion of the layer 34 without the substantial amounts of the superabsorbent being completely surrounded by the hot melt and thus losing all or part of its ability to swell.
  • the superabsorbent is preferably used as a powder or granulate, depending on the grain size.
  • a fine powder or granulate results in very rapid swelling when in contact with water, but less water storage capacity.
  • a coarse powder or granulate results in slower swelling but more water absorption. It is preferred if different powders or granules sizes of the superabsorbent are used simultaneously in layer 33. Possible granule sizes are, for example, from 200 ⁇ to 2 mm in diameter. It is also possible to use only one uniform size (within the manufacturing tolerance).
  • the sealing membrane shown is simple and inexpensive to produce, for example by sprinkling a mixture of superabsorber, possibly in different granule sizes, and hotmelt, preferably also in granule form, onto the plastic sealing membrane 31, the scattering preferably being done mechanically, in order to achieve the most uniform possible distribution of superabsorbent and adhesive on the carrier layer.
  • the sealing membrane is then treated by heating by means of heating means in such a way that the hot-melt adhesive melts and then cools down again, which leads to a connection of the layers.
  • the geomembrane is preferably produced in webs many meters long and rolled up into a roll for transport.
  • a removable plastic film is applied to the side of the swellable material as a protective layer for transport and until the web is used. At most, this protective layer can remain on the sealing membrane when it is used.
  • an adhesive is first applied to the plastic sealing membrane, for example also as a double-sided adhesive film, on which the superabsorber is then placed. This can also be applied in the form of a film or in a layer that is stable in itself and, if need be, adhere sufficiently to the plastic sealing membrane or be laminated onto it without the use of adhesive. If need be, between the plastic sealing membrane 31 and the layer 34 made of or with the superabsorbent, adhesion promoter or adhesion-promoting foils or layers can be provided.
  • the superabsorbent material can also be used together with a foamed, plastic or an adhesive, for example a hot melt adhesive, are extruded onto the plastic sealing membrane.
  • FIG. 14 shows an exemplary embodiment in which a second plastic sealing membrane 41 with the layers 42 and 43 is applied to the swellable layer 34.
  • a sealing membrane 36 is thus formed, which is formed on both sides by a plastic sealing membrane and contains the swellable material between these membranes.
  • the additional plastic sealing membrane 41 is also connected to the layer 34, which is done, for example, by applying the plastic sealing membrane 41 to the still heated layer 34 when using the hot-melt adhesive.
  • the layer 34 connects the plastic sealing sheets 31 and 41 to one another. These could also be designed in such a way that they have mutually pointing fastening means for mechanical fastening to one another.
  • FIG. 15 shows the design of (only partially shown) sealing sheets according to FIG. 14 with edges which permit the partial overlapping of adjacent sealing sheets on the edge, so that the sealing sheets can form a uniform surface when they are adjacent to one another.
  • the same reference numerals as in FIG. 14 denote the same elements.
  • the sealing sheets can be connected to one another in a known manner, for example welded.
  • FIG. 16 now shows, on the one hand, to explain the function of the sealing membrane and, on the other hand, as a preferred example of use, a vault 14 of a surface mining tunnel.
  • Earth layers (not shown) are arranged above this vault and the vault is to be protected against the ingress of water from the outside, in the direction of arrow B.
  • sheets of a sealing sheet according to the invention for example the sealing sheet 35 from FIG. 13 or 36 from FIG. 14, are now rolled out over the vault and, for example according to FIG. 15, connected to form an uninterrupted sealing surface over the entire vault.
  • FIG. 16 shows schematically how the sealing membrane 35 from FIG. 13 with the layer 34 (possibly covered with the aforementioned protective layer) lies on the outside of the vault.
  • the plastic sealing membrane 31 forms a shell.
  • the sealing membrane 35 is damaged, for example by a reinforcing iron 47 in the tunnel arch 44, which pierces the sealing membrane.
  • water can enter the plastic sealing membrane 31 along the reinforcing iron 47.
  • the water strikes the layer 34.
  • the superabsorbent comes into contact with the aqueous liquid and begins to swell strongly wherever this is the case. Since the sealing membrane between the tunnel vault 44 and is exposed to a pressure above the layers of earth, the swelling superabsorber also creates a strong pressure on the leak at the reinforcing iron 47.
  • FIG. 17 shows a further example of use in the underground construction of a tunnel vault, a sealing membrane 36 according to FIG. 14 now being used as an example; of course a sealing membrane according to FIG. 13 could also be used here.
  • 20 denotes the profile of the eruption in the rock and 21 a shotcrete layer which has been applied to the rock.
  • a sealing surface in the form of welded sheets 36 is applied to this shotcrete layer in a known manner, for example by gluing.
  • a sheet-by-sheet application of the sealing sheets with overlapping edge regions, as shown in FIG. 15, is preferred.
  • the inner tunnel shell 54 is then concreted, whereby it is concreted in contact with the sealing surface, so that it lies directly against the outer surface of the concrete structure 24. If there are cavities which are undesired, they can be compensated or filled with an additional injection of a hardening material 52 which is introduced between the structure 54 and the plastic sealing membrane 31 and / or between shotcrete 21 and membrane 41.
  • a hardening material 52 which is introduced between the structure 54 and the plastic sealing membrane 31 and / or between shotcrete 21 and membrane 41.
  • water that enters in the direction of arrow B is used in the event of a leak.
  • tungsbahn 36 for example again due to a protruding reinforcing rod 47, remedied by the fact that the water that passes through the plastic sealing membrane 41 hits the layer 34, which causes its strong swelling or the strong pressure exerted on the leak, which causes a prevents further water inflow.
  • the sealing sheet according to the invention can also be used in the examples of use in FIGS. 8, 9, 10, 11 and can replace the two plastic sealing sheets with the sealing mat in between as one sheet.
  • the aqueous liquid-absorbent polymer to be used according to the invention has an advantageous combination of properties of high retention, high absorption under pressure and low permeability.
  • ethylenically unsaturated monomers bearing acid groups for example from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinylacetic acid, maleic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, (meth) allylsulfonic acid or mixtures thereof in the presence of crosslinking agents.
  • Acrylic acid is preferably used as the ethylenically unsaturated monomer carrying acid groups.
  • At least 50 mol%, preferably 70 to 95 mol%, of the acidic monomers are neutralized and are then present, for example, as the sodium, potassium or ammonium salt or mixtures thereof.
  • the polymers to be used according to the invention can contain up to 10% by weight of further comonomers which can be copolymerized with the monomers bearing acid groups in order to modify the properties.
  • comonomers can be, for example, (meth) acrylamide, (meth) acrylonitrile, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl acetamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate, alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylates, alkylaminopropylacrylamides, acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride or mixtures thereof.
  • Crosslinkers are preferably used in the form of monomers containing at least two ethylenically unsaturated double bonds.
  • the crosslinker content is 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the monomers used.
  • Superabsorbent polymers to be used according to the invention fulfill certain properties with regard to absorption and absorption under pressure.
  • the superabsorbent polymers have a teabag retention of greater than 30 g / g, preferably greater than 35 g / g, an absorption of greater than 30 g / g, preferably greater than 40 g / g, and an absorption, measured under one Pressure of 21 g / cm 2 , greater than 15 g / g, preferably greater than 20 g / g for 0.9% saline.
  • the absorption values are determined in accordance with the "tea bag retention values" method described there, although, after swelling in the saline solution, the tea bag is not thrown off.
  • the superabsorbers to be used according to the invention after swelling through contact with water, have no or only a very low permeability for the following Water on.
  • Particularly advantageous properties are achieved with superabsorbers whose particle sizes are in a range from 60 to 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in a range from 150 to 350 ⁇ m.
  • the adhesives to be used according to the invention are preferably selected from the hotmelts.
  • Products based on polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes and copolymeric ethylene vinyl alcohols, for example, are used as hot melts, polyamides being used with preference.
  • Polyamides are easy to fill with the superabsorbent polymers and can be adjusted to the required flexibility by blending with the ethylene vinyl alcohols.
  • the hot melts can be adjusted to certain melting points using additives that are customary in the art. Hot melts with a melting range of 90 to 150 ° C., particularly preferably 100 to 140 ° C., are preferably used in the process according to the invention.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une natte d'étanchéité (10) se gonflant sous l'influence de liquide et comportant, entre deux couches de non-tissé (1, 2), une matière (3) composée d'un superabsorbant et d'un adhésif thermofusible, cette matière (3) fixant ensemble les couches de non-tissé (1, 2). Ainsi, la natte d'étanchéité de l'invention est légère et peut se gonfler fortement, cette natte servant à des applications d'étanchéité dans les secteurs du bâtiment et des travaux publics et notamment pour la construction de tunnels.
EP03787565A 2002-08-15 2003-08-15 Natte et bande d'etancheite comportant une couche superabsorbante, procede de fabrication et utilisation associes Withdrawn EP1534515A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH13992002 2002-08-15
CH139902 2002-08-15
CH140502 2002-08-16
CH14052002 2002-08-16
CH7692003 2003-05-02
CH769032003 2003-05-02
PCT/CH2003/000552 WO2004016425A2 (fr) 2002-08-15 2003-08-15 Natte et bande d'etancheite comportant une couche superabsorbante, procede de fabrication et utilisation associes

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DE102006042145B3 (de) 2006-09-06 2007-10-31 Michael Dehn Selbstschließender Belüftungseinsatz und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
US10016954B2 (en) 2007-11-19 2018-07-10 Amcol International Corporation Self healing salt water barrier
US10012079B2 (en) * 2007-11-19 2018-07-03 Amcol International Corporation Self healing salt water barrier
WO2010004894A1 (fr) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 住友精化株式会社 Composition de feuille hydroabsorbante
DE102008063229A1 (de) * 2008-12-19 2010-07-01 Dehn, Michael C. Filzmaterial mit Sperrfunktion und Bauteil aus Filz
DE102010033959A1 (de) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-24 Duetto License Ag Flächengebilde
ES2585334T3 (es) 2011-03-31 2016-10-05 Amcol International Corporation Barrera autorreparadora contra el agua salada
DE102013100697B4 (de) * 2012-12-20 2016-09-08 Bnp Brinkmann Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft Verfahren zur festen Verschweißung von überlappten textilen Polymerdichtungsbahnen (TPD) und textile Polymerdichtungsbahn
WO2014111583A1 (fr) * 2013-01-18 2014-07-24 Sika Technology Ag Procédé de fabrication d'un segment de cuvelage muni d'une couche barrière thermoplastique
US9739068B2 (en) * 2015-01-31 2017-08-22 Ramshorn Corporation Concrete curing blanket
DE202021102407U1 (de) * 2021-03-31 2021-06-09 Roland Wolf (SI) Selbstinjizierende Superabsorbierende Polymer (SAP)- Pulverketten-Injektions (PK-I)-Vorrichtung zum nachträglichen Stabilisieren von wasserdurchlässigen Fugenkammerrissen, Spalten oder Löchern in Brücken, Tunneln und Gebäuden

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DE4434171A1 (de) * 1994-09-24 1996-03-28 Basf Ag Klebstoffbeschichtungen, enthaltend Superabsorber-Partikel
DE19521350A1 (de) * 1995-06-12 1996-12-19 Niedlich Thorsten Verfahren zur Herstellung einer aus mehreren Dichtungsbahnen bestehenden prüfbaren Abdichtung im Tunnelbau
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