EP0057288B1 - Zweizylinder-Dickstoffpumpe, vorzugsweise Betonpumpe mit einem von einer zylinderseitigen Brillenplatte abwechselnd schwenkenden Schaltorgan - Google Patents

Zweizylinder-Dickstoffpumpe, vorzugsweise Betonpumpe mit einem von einer zylinderseitigen Brillenplatte abwechselnd schwenkenden Schaltorgan Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0057288B1
EP0057288B1 EP81110733A EP81110733A EP0057288B1 EP 0057288 B1 EP0057288 B1 EP 0057288B1 EP 81110733 A EP81110733 A EP 81110733A EP 81110733 A EP81110733 A EP 81110733A EP 0057288 B1 EP0057288 B1 EP 0057288B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting ring
ring
connecting element
rubber
cutting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81110733A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0057288A1 (de
Inventor
Friedrich Dipl.-Ing. Schwing
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Friedrich Wilhelm Schwing GmbH
Original Assignee
Friedrich Wilhelm Schwing GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6123762&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0057288(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Friedrich Wilhelm Schwing GmbH filed Critical Friedrich Wilhelm Schwing GmbH
Publication of EP0057288A1 publication Critical patent/EP0057288A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0057288B1 publication Critical patent/EP0057288B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B7/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving
    • F04B7/0084—Component parts or details specially adapted therefor
    • F04B7/0088—Sealing arrangements between the distribution members and the housing
    • F04B7/0092—Sealing arrangements between the distribution members and the housing for oscillating distribution members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B15/00—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04B15/02—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts the fluids being viscous or non-homogeneous
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S417/00—Pumps
    • Y10S417/90—Slurry pumps, e.g. concrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a two-cylinder thick matter pump according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such pumps have to cope with a conveying medium which generally consists to a relatively large extent of hard and differently sized particles which are formed by the sand and gravel grains in concrete.
  • the switching element executes a large number of movements in time with the piston strokes in the cylinders in order to connect the respective delivering cylinder to the delivery line and the aspirating cylinder to a prefilling container.
  • the cutting ring acts on the one hand as a metallic seal with the spectacle plate and, on the other hand, breaks solid bodies which are contained in the medium to be conveyed and which cannot move away from the parts moving relative to one another during the movement of the switching element.
  • the cutting ring must therefore be held on the eyeglass plate with considerable pressure. On the other hand, it must be able to move relative to the spectacle plate and the switching element to compensate for the wear that forms on it and on the spectacle plate.
  • the switching element which is designed as a swivel tube, is elastically connected via a swivel arm to a switching shaft which is axially movable for pretensioning the swivel arm.
  • the disadvantage here is that elastic deformation of the mechanical parts creates a gap on the eyeglass plate and the compensation of uneven wear on the eyeglass plate and the cutting ring is not possible.
  • a previously known solution (DE-OS 2614895) is based on the idea of achieving the hydrostatic differential pressure on the one hand by means of a low load on the sealing surface of the cutting ring with the hydrostatic pressure of the conveying medium in favor of a greater load on the rear side of the cutting ring with this pressure presses the cutting ring onto the spectacle plate with increased force and, on the other hand, prestresses the sealing ring necessary for sealing the cutting ring, which can also be rectangular, radially in such a way that the sealing ring in turn slightly elastically prestresses the cutting ring. Under operating conditions, however, this radial prestress cannot be converted into a notable prestressing force of the cutting ring on the spectacle plate. However, since the pump not only has to work in the pressure mode, but also in the suction mode, the sealing ring is often lifted off its seat during the suction mode of the pump and is lost in the pumped medium.
  • the invention is based on a further likewise known two-cylinder thick matter pump (DE-A-2 829 181).
  • the rubber-elastic ring sits only in corresponding recesses of the cutting ring and the switching element, so that there is an annular space between the outside of the rubber-elastic ring and the axial guidance of the cutting ring, which is acted upon by the pressure of a buffer medium made of oil or fat.
  • a buffer medium is a concrete pest that can easily get into the pumped concrete and cause the concreting to fail
  • the pressures of the buffer medium cannot be made as high in all phases of the switching element as those on the rubber-elastic ones Ring-acting concrete press.
  • the invention has for its object to achieve a reliable pressure of the cutting ring on the eyeglass plate and an automatic compensation of wear on the eyeglass plate and the cutting ring without a loss of the rubber-elastic ring to a pump of the latter type even during the switching process fear.
  • this ring forms a Poisson body, which does not change its volume when pressed together.
  • the axial mobility of the cutting ring limited by the stop faces so that the rubber-elastic ring is not lifted and squeezed out of its seats and z. B. can be carried away by the material to be conveyed.
  • the surface of the rubber-elastic ring which is exposed between the two ring extensions can be matched to the dimensions of the seats in such a way that this ring cannot deflect when pressurized and can generate the desired axial contact force.
  • the rear length of the cutting ring which is immersed in the guide under operating conditions, can be dimensioned so short that the cutting ring is axially readjusted when worn and carries out a wobbling movement during switching over with uneven wear and compensates for this.
  • the rubber-elastic ring in turn, and thus also its seating surfaces on the cutting ring, are exposed to the hydrostatic pressure of the conveyed material and mechanically pretensioned so that the cutting ring is pressed onto the spectacle plate.
  • Such embodiments are the subject of claim 3. These embodiments can also be combined with a hydrostatic prestressing of the cutting ring by differential surfaces.
  • the gap pressure is not constant when viewed over the end face of the cutting ring on the side of the spectacles plate, but is distributed according to a function according to which the pressure drops from the inside to the outside. Since the counter surface loaded with the hydrostatic pressure on the cutting ring and if the seat of the rubber-elastic ring is inside, the seat surface of the cutting ring is also fully loaded with the hydrostatic pressure, the hydrostatic contact pressure of the cutting ring over differential surfaces can generally be with a cylindrical one Reach the inside surface of the cutting ring. This is the subject of claim 4. However, the size of this hydrostatic pressure can be varied until the differential forces arising on the ring surfaces of the cutting ring are completely compensated.
  • the pipe-side openings of the two delivery cylinders of a two-cylinder thick matter pump are shown by their inner edges at 1 and 2 in FIG. 1.
  • the switching element 3 in each case closes the connection from the relevant delivery cylinder the delivery line, not shown, while the other delivery cylinder is connected to a prefilling container from which it can suck concrete. Therefore, the pressure in the switching element briefly collapses during the switching movement if the conveyed medium can escape in the prefilling container.
  • the housing 8 receiving the mouths of the delivery cylinders is covered with an eyeglass plate 9; this has recesses 10 for each feed cylinder, which are aligned with corresponding recesses 11 in the housing 8.
  • the eyeglass plate 9 is fastened to the housing 8 by means of screws 12 with countersunk heads 13.
  • the connection to the switching element 3 produces a cutting ring 14 according to the exemplary embodiments shown.
  • the cutting ring 14 could be mounted in an intermediate ring. It lies in a guide, generally designated 15, which is formed in the cylinder-side end 16 of the switching element 3.
  • the guide consists of a cylindrical surface 17 at the end 16 of the switching element 3 and a corresponding cylindrical surface 18 on the cutting ring 14.
  • the cutting ring 14 normally plunges into the guide 15 with its length a. Stop faces 19, 20 on the end face of the end 16 of the switching element 3 or an outer ring flange 21 of the cutting ring 14 serve as stops which limit the immersing length of the cutting ring.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is drawn out in FIG. 3 with its functionally important parts.
  • the cutting ring 14 encloses an opening 1 or 2 in the end positions of the switching element 3. If the pivoting movement is carried out during the switching process, the material to be conveyed must be severed shortly before reaching the end positions, which jams between the cutting ring and the spectacle plate.
  • the cutting ring 14 In order to achieve a full contact of the cutting ring 14 during the cutting movements occurring here between the cutting ring 14 and the spectacle plate, the cutting ring 14 is only guided for a short length, namely the length labeled a, and is supported on a rubber-elastic ring spring 23.
  • the initial cross section of the ring spring is that of a rectangle.
  • the seat of the annular spring 23 consists, on the one hand, of the cylindrical extension 29 of the guide surface 17, which accordingly extends axially, and also the radial surfaces 30 and 31, which in the exemplary embodiment are formed by back-turning of the switching element 3 or the cutting ring 14.
  • the partial area 28 between the two ring extensions 33 and 34 remains free and is accordingly subjected to the hydrostatic pressure.
  • the centering diameter Dz is predetermined by the guide 15.
  • the inner boundary of the bearing surface of the cutting ring 14 on the eyeglass plate is determined by the diameter Di, while the outer boundary of this bearing surface has the diameter Da.
  • the following can be assumed with sufficient accuracy: As long as the centering diameter ends closer to the outer diameter of the contact surface, there is an excess of the hydrostatic pressure in the pressing direction of the cutting ring on the eyeglass plate. If the centering diameter halves this contact surface, there is a pressure equilibrium. If it is even smaller, a hydrostatic differential pressure results which tries to lift the cutting ring off the glasses plate. This allows the force generated by the preload of the ring spring to act alone or to supplement it hydrostatically.
  • wear can be carried out on the eyeglass plate or on the sealing surface 37 of the cutting ring 14 facing this, a wobbling movement and thereby a total surface support both in Ensure new condition as in advanced wear condition.
  • the hydrostatic forces are drawn on the lower illustration in FIG. 3.
  • the cutting ring 14 has a cylindrical inner surface 38. While the back of the cutting ring, generally designated 39, which is acted upon by the hydrostatic pressure up to the surface 29, is radially substantially uniformly loaded by the hydrostatic pressure, the hydrostatic pressure drops as if the curve 40 is shown on the front 41, from the inside to the outside. The resulting forces are shown by arrows at 42 and 43; it can be seen that the hydrostatic forces which load the cutting ring 14 in the direction of the spectacle plate 9 are greater than the forces 43.
  • the biasing forces of the cutting ring 14 lie approximately between those of FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the forces 50 and 51 are balanced.
  • the forces 52 and 53 are not the same size.
  • the force 52 presses the cutting ring 14 hydrostatically onto the spectacle plate.
  • the particularly short cutting ring 14 is hydrostatically loaded and mechanically preloaded with the aid of the differently designed ring spring 23 in the direction of the spectacle plate.
  • a support ring 54 improves the mechanical properties of the rubber-elastic ring and enables a greater fit clearance, which is shown at 56. In this way u. a. transfer the switching force from the switching element 3 to the cutting ring without metallic contact.
  • the cutting ring guide with the aid of the surfaces 17 and 18 is not axially present as in FIG. 2, but axially behind the ring spring 23, the stop surface 19 being attached to the end face of the cutting ring 14, while the ring flange 21 is on the outside of the switching element 3.
  • the counter surface 20 therefore lies on the switching element 3.
  • the hydrostatic contact forces 59 and 60 are so unequal that the hydrostatic contact force 59 acting in the direction of the spectacle plate 9 is greater than the separating force 60.
  • the axial seat surface 31 of the rubber-elastic ring spring 23 in the cutting ring 14, which, moreover, has the general shape shown in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6, is moved radially outwards, relative to the corresponding seat surface 30 in the switching element 3
  • the hydrostatic contact forces 61, 62 are, however, of the same size. Therefore, in this embodiment, the cutting ring 14 is pressed mechanically with the ring spring 23 and not hydrostatically onto the spectacle plate 9.
  • the annular spring 23 is removed from the action of the delivery medium, but is mechanically prestressed for all operating states.
  • the guide 15 of the switching element 3 and its ring extension 34 are therefore arranged on the outside.
  • the end face 63 of the switching element 3 and the ring face 64 which is acted upon by the hydraulic pressure for prestressing the cutting ring on the spectacle plate 9, serve as stop faces for limiting the cutting ring movement, although the face 65 is also loaded with the hydraulic pressure, as can be seen from the illustration below 8 results.
  • the rubber-elastic ring spring 23 loses its sealing function, which in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8 is carried out by an O-ring 66 which is formed in a corresponding groove 67 on the guide surface 17 of the cutting ring 14.
  • the ring surfaces of the switching element 3 or cutting ring 14, which are acted upon by the hydrostatic pressure, are designed such that the opposing axial ring forces 68 and 69 are unequal.
  • the force 68 acting in the pressing direction is greater than the lifting force 69.
  • the stop surfaces 63 and 64 lie on top of one another. This happens, for example, through a sudden evasion, i.e. H. Lifting the cutting ring 14 off the eyeglass plate 9, for example if too hard particles have been cut through, as a result of which the annular spring 23 has been compressed beyond its installation dimension. However, this situation occurs only occasionally.
  • the rubber-elastic ring 23 is generally made of a plastic, apart from the support ring 54 which may be provided.
  • the cutting ring can only be pressed hydrostatically on the spectacle plate during the switching phase and, if necessary, after the hydrostatic pressure has built up.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
EP81110733A 1981-01-31 1981-12-23 Zweizylinder-Dickstoffpumpe, vorzugsweise Betonpumpe mit einem von einer zylinderseitigen Brillenplatte abwechselnd schwenkenden Schaltorgan Expired EP0057288B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3103321A DE3103321A1 (de) 1981-01-31 1981-01-31 "zweizylinder-dickstoffpumpe, vorzugsweise betonpumpe mit einem von einer zylinderseitigen brillenplatte abwechselnd schwenkenden schaltorgan"
DE3103321 1981-01-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0057288A1 EP0057288A1 (de) 1982-08-11
EP0057288B1 true EP0057288B1 (de) 1984-08-08

Family

ID=6123762

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81110733A Expired EP0057288B1 (de) 1981-01-31 1981-12-23 Zweizylinder-Dickstoffpumpe, vorzugsweise Betonpumpe mit einem von einer zylinderseitigen Brillenplatte abwechselnd schwenkenden Schaltorgan

Country Status (20)

Country Link
US (2) US4465441A (pt)
EP (1) EP0057288B1 (pt)
JP (1) JPS57146068A (pt)
KR (1) KR880000931B1 (pt)
AR (1) AR226945A1 (pt)
AT (1) ATE8923T1 (pt)
AU (1) AU553485B2 (pt)
BR (1) BR8200501A (pt)
CA (1) CA1180946A (pt)
CS (1) CS231990B2 (pt)
DD (1) DD201819A5 (pt)
DE (2) DE3103321A1 (pt)
ES (1) ES508758A0 (pt)
GR (1) GR76388B (pt)
HU (1) HU183790B (pt)
MX (1) MX156254A (pt)
PL (1) PL138540B1 (pt)
SU (1) SU1160942A3 (pt)
YU (1) YU43251B (pt)
ZA (1) ZA82428B (pt)

Families Citing this family (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0112404B1 (de) * 1982-12-24 1986-06-04 Friedrich Wilh. Schwing GmbH Zweizylinderdickstoffpumpe, vorzugsweise Betonpumpe
DE3905355C2 (de) * 1989-02-22 1994-06-23 Schlecht Karl Rohrweiche für Zweizylinder-Dickstoffpumpen
US5037275A (en) * 1987-06-27 1991-08-06 Karl Schlecht Pipe junction switch for two-cylinder thick-material pump
DE3824466A1 (de) * 1988-07-19 1990-01-25 Putzmeister Maschf Mehrzylinder-dickstoffpumpe
US5302094A (en) * 1988-07-19 1994-04-12 Putzmeister-Werk Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Tube switch for a double-cylinder sludge pump
DE3904862C2 (de) * 1989-02-17 1996-01-18 Schlecht Karl Rohrweiche für Zweizylinder-Dickstoffpumpen
DE3905366C2 (de) * 1989-02-22 1996-07-11 Schlecht Karl Rohrweiche für Zweizylinder-Dickstoffpumpen
JP3145488B2 (ja) * 1992-07-10 2001-03-12 三菱重工業株式会社 コンクリートポンプのｓ形ゲートバルブ摺動面密着装置
US5332366A (en) * 1993-01-22 1994-07-26 Schwing America, Inc. Concrete pump monitoring system
DE19528288C1 (de) * 1995-08-02 1996-02-29 Putzmeister Maschf Zweizylinder-Dickstoffpumpe
PT1053401E (pt) * 1998-02-04 2003-08-29 Putzmeister Ag Bifurcacao tubular para bomba de materiais espessos de dois cilindros
US6443718B1 (en) 2000-02-14 2002-09-03 Multiquip, Inc. Shuttle valve for concrete pump
US6857861B2 (en) 2002-05-15 2005-02-22 Kennametal Inc. Ring for concrete pump
US6986303B2 (en) * 2003-07-15 2006-01-17 Reed Llc Displacement shift valve and pumping apparatus and methods using such a valve
GB2416569A (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-01 Clarke Uk Ltd Method of and a pump for pumping drill cuttings
US20060193738A1 (en) * 2005-02-26 2006-08-31 Friedrich Schwing Pump apparatus and method for continuously conveying a viscous material
DE102005008938B4 (de) * 2005-02-26 2007-01-25 Schwing, Friedrich, Dipl.-Ing. Pumpvorrichtung und Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Förderung breiiger Massen
WO2007111689A2 (en) 2005-11-08 2007-10-04 Good Earth Tools, Inc. Sealing rings for abrasive slurry pumps
US7832269B2 (en) 2007-06-22 2010-11-16 Honeywell International Inc. Packaging multiple measurands into a combinational sensor system using elastomeric seals
DE102009005318B3 (de) 2009-01-16 2010-09-30 Schwing, Friedrich, Dipl.-Ing. Verfahren zur Förderung breiiger Massen und Pumpvorrichtung zur Förderung breiiger Massen
DE102009052381A1 (de) 2009-11-09 2011-05-26 Schwing Gmbh Dichtungselement, insbesondere für Dickstofffördervorrichtungen
DE102013010768A1 (de) * 2013-06-28 2015-01-15 Schwing Gmbh Umschaltvorrichtung für eine Dickstoffpumpe
DE102013215990A1 (de) * 2013-08-13 2015-02-19 Putzmeister Engineering Gmbh Zweizylinder-Dickstoffpumpe mit Rohrweiche
EP3282125A1 (de) 2016-08-11 2018-02-14 Putzmeister Engineering GmbH Dickstoffventil
DE102016225920A1 (de) * 2016-12-21 2018-06-21 KSB SE & Co. KGaA Kreiselpumpe mit einer Zerkleinerungsanordnung
ES2704178B2 (es) * 2017-09-14 2019-10-23 Railtech Sufetra S A Zócalo de hormigón para vías ferroviarias, vía ferroviaria que incorpora dichos zócalos y método de instalación de la vía
DE102018119973A1 (de) * 2018-08-16 2020-02-20 Putzmeister Engineering Gmbh Schwenkrohr für Zweizylinder-Dickstoffpumpen
DE102018132476A1 (de) * 2018-12-17 2020-06-18 Schwing Gmbh Absperrschieber

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7217434A (pt) * 1972-12-21 1974-06-25
DE2362670A1 (de) * 1973-12-17 1975-06-19 Gerd Wolfgang Schellenberg Kolbenpumpe, insbesondere zum foerdern von beton und anderen breiigen massen
DE2614895A1 (de) * 1976-04-07 1977-10-20 Schlecht Karl Beton-rohrweiche
DE2632816C2 (de) * 1976-07-21 1982-07-29 Friedrich Wilh. Schwing Gmbh, 4690 Herne Abdichtvorrichtung für eine Doppelzylinderpumpe, insbesondere für die Förderung von Beton
IT1114648B (it) * 1977-08-18 1986-01-27 Italiana Forme Acciaio Valvola distributrice a tre vie per pompe a due cilindri per calcestruzzo
DE2829181A1 (de) * 1978-07-03 1980-01-17 Scheele Maschf W Rohrweiche fuer eine betonpumpe
DE2851354A1 (de) * 1978-11-28 1980-06-04 Schwing Gmbh F Pumpe fuer breiige massen, vorzugsweise beton
DE2903749C2 (de) * 1979-02-01 1983-11-10 Karl Dipl.-Ing. 7000 Stuttgart Schlecht Kolbenpumpe mit S-förmig gekrümmtem Schwenkrohr
DE2921735A1 (de) * 1979-05-29 1980-12-04 Teka Baumaschinen Gmbh Vorrichtung zum dichten einer betonpumpe
DE3042930A1 (de) 1980-11-14 1982-07-08 Stetter Gmbh, 8940 Memmingen Rohrweiche fuer betonpumpen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3103321C2 (pt) 1987-05-07
AR226945A1 (es) 1982-08-31
YU43251B (en) 1989-06-30
KR880000931B1 (ko) 1988-05-31
PL234875A1 (pt) 1982-08-02
DE3153268C2 (en) 1988-01-28
SU1160942A3 (ru) 1985-06-07
BR8200501A (pt) 1982-12-07
YU310081A (en) 1985-06-30
JPH0323754B2 (pt) 1991-03-29
GR76388B (pt) 1984-08-06
ZA82428B (en) 1983-01-26
CS231990B2 (en) 1985-01-16
AU7970082A (en) 1982-08-12
CS51082A2 (en) 1984-01-16
US4465441A (en) 1984-08-14
CA1180946A (en) 1985-01-15
EP0057288A1 (de) 1982-08-11
AU553485B2 (en) 1986-07-17
HU183790B (en) 1984-05-28
ES8302214A1 (es) 1983-01-01
USRE32657E (en) 1988-04-26
DE3103321A1 (de) 1982-08-12
ES508758A0 (es) 1983-01-01
MX156254A (es) 1988-07-29
PL138540B1 (en) 1986-10-31
JPS57146068A (en) 1982-09-09
KR830009390A (ko) 1983-12-21
ATE8923T1 (de) 1984-08-15
DD201819A5 (de) 1983-08-10

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