EP0053848B2 - Verfahren zum Einblasen von hochsauerstoffhaltigen Gasen in ein NE-Metall-Schmelzbad - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Einblasen von hochsauerstoffhaltigen Gasen in ein NE-Metall-Schmelzbad Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0053848B2 EP0053848B2 EP81201257A EP81201257A EP0053848B2 EP 0053848 B2 EP0053848 B2 EP 0053848B2 EP 81201257 A EP81201257 A EP 81201257A EP 81201257 A EP81201257 A EP 81201257A EP 0053848 B2 EP0053848 B2 EP 0053848B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slag
- nozzles
- temperature
- pressure
- oxygen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 13
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000589614 Pseudomonas stutzeri Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- DVSDDICSXBCMQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-acetylbutanedioate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C(C)=O)C(=O)OCC DVSDDICSXBCMQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010327 methods by industry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009856 non-ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009979 protective mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/003—Bath smelting or converting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/003—Bath smelting or converting
- C22B15/0041—Bath smelting or converting in converters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for blowing in highly oxygen-containing gases into a non-ferrous metal melt bath by means of double tube nozzles immersed in the melt through the reactor wall, a protective fluid being blown in as a coolant through the annular space between the inner and outer tube of each double tube nozzle.
- non-ferrous metals or stone phases enriched with non-ferrous metals from sulfidic ores or refined melts containing non-ferrous metals are blown into a melt.
- the high-oxygen gases are blown into the melt from the bottom or from the side through the masonry of a reactor using nozzles.
- a protective fluid is blown in to protect the nozzles and the surrounding masonry against the high temperatures occurring at the nozzles. This is done using double tube nozzles.
- the inner tube is generally used to inject the highly oxygen-containing gas and the protective fluid that cools through the annular space between the inner and outer tubes.
- Such methods are e.g. B. from DE-OS 2 417 978 and DE-OS 2 807 964 known.
- the invention is based, to reduce or avoid the wear of the double tube nozzles and the surrounding masonry when blowing high oxygen-containing gases with protective fluids into a non-ferrous metal melt pool.
- composition and temperature of the slag is adjusted so that even with a slight local cooling of the slag at the nozzles, the crystallization temperature of high-melting constituents - originally dissolved in the slag - is fallen below, the amount of protective fluid in
- the composition of the slag and the temperature difference of the slag from the solidification point it is set in such a way that gas-permeable deposits are formed from slag constituents on the nozzles, on the other hand the deposits do not exceed a desired thickness, and the stirring effect of the gases blown through the nozzles is adjusted in such a way that that regardless of the layer height of a metal bath on the bottom of the reactor, an emulsion of slag and metal reaches the nozzles, and the adjustment of the thickness of the approaches by regulating the pressure rise of the flowing protective fluid against the urs initial pressure to a desired value.
- the thickness of the lugs on the nozzles and the surrounding masonry is chosen so that the desired protection is achieved on the one hand, but on the other hand the lugs are gas-permeable and gas distribution is achieved.
- the thickness depends on the operating conditions of the process and is determined empirically. In the case of continuous processes, the required amount of protective fluid remains largely constant, whereas in batch-operated processes it has to be regulated in larger areas. Flammable and non-flammable gases or liquids, such as e.g. B. nitrogen, S0 2 , C0 2 , water vapor, hydrocarbons can be used. Your Selection depends on the process engineering conditions.
- the amount of protective fluid required to generate the batches depends on the solidification temperature of the slag or high-melting components of the slag and the temperature difference of the slag from this solidification temperature before it comes into contact with the protective fluid.
- the outlet cross section for the protective fluid should be as small as possible and the protective fluid should be blown in under high pressure, for example above 6 bar, so that the required amount of protective fluid can be kept as small as possible.
- the composition of the slag is adjusted so that it is almost saturated with high-melting compounds such as magnetite, calcium silicates or similar compounds. This is achieved by a corresponding chemical composition of the slag, a corresponding oxidation potential, which depends on the desired metal-sulfide-oxide balance of the non-ferrous metal to be obtained, and by a corresponding temperature of the slag, which is just above the saturation temperature for the high-melting point Connections. This creates a good build-up with small amounts of protective fluids.
- high-melting compounds such as magnetite, calcium silicates or similar compounds.
- the stirring effect of the gases blown in through the nozzles is adjusted so that, regardless of the layer height of a metal bath on the bottom of the reactor, an emulsion of slag and metal reaches the nozzles.
- the stirring effect of the injected gases can be regulated by adjusting their pressure or quantity accordingly and / or by adjusting the thickness of the metal layer above the nozzles. This also creates a good approach.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention consists in that the desired value of the pressure is regulated by keeping the pressure constant. Only the pressure is kept constant and the volume adjusts to the corresponding value. A particularly simple and effective regulation of the thickness of the lugs is thereby achieved.
- a preferred embodiment is that the reactor is bricked up depending on the composition of the slag and temperature in such a way that a constant film of high-melting constituents forms on the masonry.
- the lining is chosen so that the heat radiation cools the slag on the inside in such a way that a thin starting film is formed. This also protects the masonry in the vicinity of the nozzles, on which no deposits form due to the direct action of the protective fluid.
- the examples relate to the continuous oxidation of sulfidic concentrates in a refractory-lined reactor in the form of a horizontal cylinder with a length of 4.50 m and a diameter of 1.80 m.
- Additives were added to the sulfidic concentrates in order to produce slags of a certain chemical composition suitable for carrying out the process according to the invention.
- the reactor was equipped with 3 double tube nozzles with an inner tube diameter of 10 mm and a propane-oxygen auxiliary burner in order to be able to influence the temperature of the melt independently of the chemical-metallurgical reactions taking place.
- the examples are limited to the oxidation of sulfidic lead concentrates, the slags formed here behave particularly aggressively because of their lead oxide content in relation to all metallic and ceramic materials known in the art.
- the measures described in the examples for protecting the nozzles and masonry of the reactor can therefore be applied analogously to the melting of a number of other non-ferrous metals and intermediates, including concentrates, stones, food, slags, dusts and sludges containing copper, Transfer nickel, cobalt, zinc, lead, tin, antimony or bismuth.
- the mouthpiece of the third nozzle had been covered with a porous, cone-shaped attachment of approximately 30 mm in height and 50 mm in base diameter, which consisted of 70% magnetite and 30% different silicates.
- the masonry in the vicinity of the other two nozzle mouthpieces showed funnel-shaped traces of corrosion of approx. 50 or 100 mm in diameter, the depth of which corresponded to the nozzle burnup. In contrast, the masonry around the third nozzle was completely preserved.
- Example 1 To test the influence of overheating of the slag, three tests were carried out at different temperatures of the slag.
- the flow rates of the protective fluid (6.9 bar nitrogen pressure) used in Example 1 for the second nozzle were set here. At the end of the tests, the nozzles were again drawn and measured:
- the reactor was cleaned in succession with a pure lead oxide slag (Pb0) and a lead silicate slag with the approximate composition 2PbO. Si0 2 filled.
- Pb0 lead oxide slag
- Si0 2 the approximate composition 2PbO. Si0 2 filled.
- a slag temperature of 930 ° C was set, while the nozzles were operated with oxygen and a nitrogen pressure of 6.9 bar.
- no mixture of concentrate and additives was added in order not to change the composition of the slag.
- neither of the two experiments could a firm approach be created in front of the nozzle mouthpieces.
- the nozzles and the surrounding masonry were almost destroyed:
- the thickness of the metallic soil phase must be taken into account, provided that it consists of a low-melting metal.
- the advantages of the invention are that the nozzles and the surrounding masonry are protected from chemical attack and erosion by the molten phase with simple means, the amount of protective fluid is kept to a minimum and nevertheless a good gas distribution in the melt is achieved.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803045992 DE3045992A1 (de) | 1980-12-05 | 1980-12-05 | Verfahren zum einblasen von hochsauerstoffhaltigen gasen in ein ne-metalle enthaltendes schmelzbad |
| DE3045992 | 1980-12-05 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0053848A1 EP0053848A1 (de) | 1982-06-16 |
| EP0053848B1 EP0053848B1 (de) | 1984-10-24 |
| EP0053848B2 true EP0053848B2 (de) | 1987-10-14 |
Family
ID=6118459
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81201257A Expired EP0053848B2 (de) | 1980-12-05 | 1981-11-11 | Verfahren zum Einblasen von hochsauerstoffhaltigen Gasen in ein NE-Metall-Schmelzbad |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4435211A (xx) |
| EP (1) | EP0053848B2 (xx) |
| JP (1) | JPS57120626A (xx) |
| KR (1) | KR890002800B1 (xx) |
| AU (1) | AU542613B2 (xx) |
| BR (1) | BR8107861A (xx) |
| CA (1) | CA1180194A (xx) |
| DE (2) | DE3045992A1 (xx) |
| ES (1) | ES8300871A1 (xx) |
| FI (1) | FI68659C (xx) |
| IN (1) | IN152960B (xx) |
| MA (1) | MA19349A1 (xx) |
| MX (1) | MX156287A (xx) |
| PH (1) | PH19449A (xx) |
| PL (1) | PL234079A1 (xx) |
| YU (1) | YU42003B (xx) |
| ZA (1) | ZA817664B (xx) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4661153A (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1987-04-28 | Southwire Company | Refractory porous plug |
| DE3814310A1 (de) * | 1988-04-28 | 1989-11-09 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Verfahren zur raffination von si-metall und si-eisenlegierungen |
| FR2646789B1 (fr) * | 1989-05-12 | 1994-02-04 | Air Liquide | Procede de traitement d'oxydation d'un bain liquide |
| CA2041297C (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 2001-07-10 | Samuel Walton Marcuson | Converter and method for top blowing nonferrous metal |
| US5435833A (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-07-25 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process to convert non-ferrous metal such as copper or nickel by oxygen enrichment |
| US5814126A (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 1998-09-29 | Cook; Thomas H. | Method and apparatus for producing bright and smooth galvanized coatings |
| DE4429937A1 (de) * | 1994-08-24 | 1996-02-29 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zum Verblasen von NE-Metall-Schrott und Hütten-Zwischenprodukten |
| DE19638148A1 (de) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-03-19 | Linde Ag | Sauerstofflanze und Verfahren zum Verblasen von flüssigem Metall |
| DE10253535A1 (de) * | 2002-11-16 | 2004-05-27 | Sms Demag Ag | Gaszuleitungssystem für einen metallurgischen Ofen sowie Betriebsverfahren hierzu |
| FR2856631B1 (fr) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-09-23 | Jean Noel Claveau | Procede de decoration d'un article et equipement pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| FR2856630B1 (fr) * | 2003-06-26 | 2006-09-29 | Jean Noel Claveau | Procede de decoration d'un article et equipement pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| FR2881988B1 (fr) * | 2005-02-15 | 2007-06-29 | Jean Noel Claveau | Procede de decoration d'un article et equipement pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| DE102010020179A1 (de) * | 2009-06-09 | 2010-12-16 | Sms Siemag Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Bodenspülsystems eines BOF-Konverters |
| EP2302082B1 (de) * | 2009-09-03 | 2013-04-17 | Linde AG | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Konverters und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US443758A (en) | 1890-12-30 | Process of converting copper matte to copper | ||
| US3892559A (en) | 1969-09-18 | 1975-07-01 | Bechtel Int Corp | Submerged smelting |
| BE748041A (fr) * | 1970-03-26 | 1970-09-28 | Centre Rech Metallurgique | Perfectionnements aux procedes d'affinage, |
| LU62933A1 (xx) * | 1971-04-06 | 1973-05-16 | ||
| FR2219235B2 (xx) * | 1973-02-26 | 1976-05-14 | Creusot Loire | |
| BE795117A (fr) * | 1973-02-07 | 1973-05-29 | Centre Rech Metallurgique | Procede et dispositif pour le convertissage de matieres cuivreuses |
| US3941587A (en) * | 1973-05-03 | 1976-03-02 | Q-S Oxygen Processes, Inc. | Metallurgical process using oxygen |
| DE2504946C2 (de) | 1975-02-06 | 1980-04-30 | Kloeckner-Werke Ag, 4100 Duisburg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einschmelzen von Schrott, Eisenschwamm, Pellets oder dgl |
-
1980
- 1980-12-05 DE DE19803045992 patent/DE3045992A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-03-17 IN IN290/CAL/81A patent/IN152960B/en unknown
- 1981-11-05 ZA ZA817664A patent/ZA817664B/xx unknown
- 1981-11-11 EP EP81201257A patent/EP0053848B2/de not_active Expired
- 1981-11-11 DE DE8181201257T patent/DE3166865D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-11-24 FI FI813743A patent/FI68659C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-11-25 KR KR1019810004557A patent/KR890002800B1/ko active
- 1981-12-01 US US06/326,297 patent/US4435211A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1981-12-02 MA MA19553A patent/MA19349A1/fr unknown
- 1981-12-03 BR BR8107861A patent/BR8107861A/pt unknown
- 1981-12-03 PL PL23407981A patent/PL234079A1/xx unknown
- 1981-12-04 YU YU2836/81A patent/YU42003B/xx unknown
- 1981-12-04 ES ES507717A patent/ES8300871A1/es not_active Expired
- 1981-12-04 CA CA000391522A patent/CA1180194A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-12-04 MX MX190421A patent/MX156287A/es unknown
- 1981-12-04 PH PH26577A patent/PH19449A/en unknown
- 1981-12-04 JP JP56196185A patent/JPS57120626A/ja active Granted
- 1981-12-04 AU AU78279/81A patent/AU542613B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL234079A1 (xx) | 1982-07-19 |
| KR830007855A (ko) | 1983-11-07 |
| CA1180194A (en) | 1985-01-02 |
| FI813743L (fi) | 1982-06-06 |
| PH19449A (en) | 1986-04-18 |
| AU542613B2 (en) | 1985-02-28 |
| DE3166865D1 (en) | 1984-11-29 |
| FI68659B (fi) | 1985-06-28 |
| KR890002800B1 (ko) | 1989-07-31 |
| AU7827981A (en) | 1982-06-10 |
| US4435211A (en) | 1984-03-06 |
| IN152960B (xx) | 1984-05-12 |
| BR8107861A (pt) | 1982-09-08 |
| ES507717A0 (es) | 1982-11-01 |
| ZA817664B (en) | 1982-10-27 |
| MX156287A (es) | 1988-08-08 |
| EP0053848A1 (de) | 1982-06-16 |
| JPS57120626A (en) | 1982-07-27 |
| YU42003B (en) | 1988-04-30 |
| EP0053848B1 (de) | 1984-10-24 |
| YU283681A (en) | 1984-04-30 |
| JPH0147532B2 (xx) | 1989-10-16 |
| MA19349A1 (fr) | 1982-07-01 |
| DE3045992A1 (de) | 1982-07-22 |
| ES8300871A1 (es) | 1982-11-01 |
| FI68659C (fi) | 1985-10-10 |
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