EP0052577B1 - Ancrage pour une barre cathodique - Google Patents

Ancrage pour une barre cathodique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0052577B1
EP0052577B1 EP81810401A EP81810401A EP0052577B1 EP 0052577 B1 EP0052577 B1 EP 0052577B1 EP 81810401 A EP81810401 A EP 81810401A EP 81810401 A EP81810401 A EP 81810401A EP 0052577 B1 EP0052577 B1 EP 0052577B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
groove
cathode
cathode element
iron
bar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81810401A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0052577A1 (fr
Inventor
Raoul Jemec
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcan Holdings Switzerland AG
Original Assignee
Schweizerische Aluminium AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schweizerische Aluminium AG filed Critical Schweizerische Aluminium AG
Publication of EP0052577A1 publication Critical patent/EP0052577A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0052577B1 publication Critical patent/EP0052577B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/16—Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cathode element for a melt flow electrolysis cell, in particular for the production of aluminum, with a carbon block, by anchoring a cathode bar in a groove, in each side wall of this groove a recess extending over the entire length of a block for receiving a Space between the ingot and groove filling cast iron shell is formed.
  • the carbon bottom of the electrolytic cells consists of cathode elements, in which a continuous iron bar or a bar separated in the middle is arranged.
  • the electrical contact resistance between iron bar and coal block must be as small as possible.
  • the coal blocks and the iron bars are found in conventional electrolysis cells in various dimensions in terms of width, height, length and groove shape.
  • the iron bars inserted into the groove of the coal block are connected to the coal by casting with cast iron.
  • the iron bars placed in the groove are preheated together with the coal and cooled after pouring to the ambient temperature. Since the thermal expansion or contraction of iron is approximately four times greater than that of coal, a gap is created when the coal and cast iron cool down. If the cathode element provided with an iron bar is installed in an electrolysis cell, the gap only closes when the temperature rises when the electrolysis cell is started up, which creates an electrical and mechanical contact between iron and coal.
  • the iron bar which is expanding more rapidly, can act so strongly on the carbon of the cathode elements that cracks can occur in the longitudinal direction of the cathode.
  • the closing of the gap i.e.
  • the pressing of the cathode bar against the coal when the cell is started up depends on various parameters, for example the shape of the coal block (groove) and the iron bar, the preheating temperature of iron and coal, the type of preheating, the composition and the pouring temperature of the cast iron.
  • a groove is arranged in a coal block, which is dovetail-shaped in cross section. An iron bar is stored in this groove and anchored in the coal block with the help of cast-in gray cast iron.
  • a disadvantage of such anchoring of the cathode bars is that the gap between the gray cast iron and the walls of the dovetail groove of the carbon block, which occurs when the gray cast iron and the ingot cool down due to faster contraction, is sufficient to cause a slight displacement of the inserted into the groove
  • the cathode element is rotated from the pouring position into the working position and / or the electrode block is shaken during transport or when the joint and on-board ramming compound is stomped.
  • the gap between the gray cast iron and the walls of the dovetail groove narrows inadmissibly, i.e. it wedges, and the iron blows up the coal, which expands about four times less, as it warms up.
  • the wedged iron in the dovetail groove can hardly be returned to its original position due to the large coefficient of friction between iron and coal.
  • the gap between the bottom surface of the groove and the iron that has slipped down remains and leads to poor electrical contact and thus to energy losses. These losses are exacerbated by longitudinal cracks or even broken rags in the coal block, and the risk of damage from penetrating aluminum during operation increases by leaps and bounds.
  • DE-OS 2405461 proposes a groove shape that keeps the cast ingot in the poured position during all these processes and therefore does not allow wedging to occur. At least one recess is arranged in each side wall of the groove, which is used to anchor at least one elevation of the cast iron jacket surrounding the ingot. The slipping ability of the ingot in the longitudinal direction (especially with longer blocks) is satisfactory but not completely, although the forces remain well below the crack value of the coal and thus a breakout is prevented.
  • the inventor has therefore set himself the task of creating a cathode element which has an anchor for a cathode bar in a groove of a carbon block, which does not suffer any damage during and after casting, has an iron-carbon transition with a small electrical voltage drop, economically is and has a relatively good slip ability in the longitudinal direction.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that in the working position the recess of the upper region of the groove forms inclined surfaces widening in the direction of the groove opening, which at their lower end merge into approximately horizontal bearing surfaces ending on the corresponding side surface of the groove.
  • the correctly cast iron bar with a rectangular or square cross-section can sag in the pouring position at most by the amount of shrinkage of the iron after cooling. This creates a gap in the area of the inclined surfaces, the contact surfaces and the vertical side surfaces of the groove.
  • the cathode elements rotated in the working position are installed, but at the latest when the joint and board ramming compound is pounded in, the cast ingot slides back into the same position as in the pouring position.
  • the cathode elements are heated to working temperature, whereby both the iron ingot and the cast iron expand more than the coal. Due to the thermal expansion, the iron is optimally pressed into the conical shape of the upper part (working position) and ensures good electrical contact between iron and carbon.
  • the approximately horizontal contact surface acts as an abutment.
  • the upper part of the groove in the working position is recessed in such a way that the slidability in the longitudinal direction is also sufficient when the ingot is cast in.
  • the approximately horizontal contact surface for the cast-in cathode bar expediently runs parallel to the bottom or top surface of the coal block provided with the groove.
  • the height of the inclined surfaces widening in the direction of the groove opening is preferably 40 to 70% of the groove depth. If these inclined surfaces are too small, the effect according to the invention cannot develop fully. If the height is too high, on the other hand, there is a risk that cracks will form when the cell is heated to the working temperature or that the part of the coal block lying below the contact surface will be broken out. For these reasons relating to stability, the widening inclined surfaces, preferably after rounding, are connected directly to the bottom surface of the groove.
  • the distance of the approximately horizontal contact surface from the grooved bottom surface of the coal block is therefore at least 30% of the groove depth.
  • the angle of inclination of the inclined surfaces with respect to the vertical is preferably 3 to 15 °, both in the pouring and in the working position.
  • the cathode elements rotated in the working position are assembled in the usual way to form a carbon floor, the cast ingot cannot wedge in the groove.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cathode bar 11 cast into a carbon block 10 in the poured-in position, but the cathode element formed has already cooled down.
  • the groove 12 recessed in the carbon block 10 has contracted less than the cathode bar 11 and the surrounding cast iron layer 13.
  • a gap 17 is formed between the widening in the direction of the groove opening, i. conical inclined surfaces 14, the vertical side surfaces 15 and the bearing surfaces 16 on the one hand, and the cast iron jacket 13 on the other hand.
  • the cast cathode bar 11 is sagged below the plane of the bottom surface 18. In contrast to the cover surface 20, this surface does not come into contact with the liquid metal in the working electrolysis bath.
  • the angle of inclination of the inclined surfaces with respect to the vertical is denoted by a.
  • the iron bar 11 has slipped so that the lower side of the cast iron - as before the contraction of iron and coal - lies in the area of the plane of the bottom surface 18 of the coal block 10.
  • the gap 17 now extends over the area of the vertical side walls 15, the inclined surfaces 14, the rounding 22 and the bottom surface 24 of the groove 12.
  • the cast iron 13 lies on the bearing surface 16 and prevents the cast iron and side surfaces of the groove from jamming.
  • the support surface 16 acts as an abutment, the cast iron 13 is pressed against the coal in such a way that a good electrical contact resistance arises.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Elément cathodique pour une cellule d'électrolyse ignée, en particulier pour la production de l'aluminium, comprenant un bloc de charbon dans lequel une barre cathodique est ancrée dans une rainure, et où, dans chaque paroi latérale de cette rainure, est formé un évidement s'étendant sur toute la longueur d'un bloc et destiné à recevoir un enrobage de fonte qui comble l'espace compris entre la barre et la rainure, caractérisé en ce que, dans la position de travail, l'évidement de la région supérieure de la rainure (12) forme des surfaces obliques (14) qui s'évasent vers l'ouverture de la rainure, et qui, à leur extrémité inférieure, rejoignent des surfaces de portée (16) à peu près horizontales, qui se terminent au droit des surfaces latérales correspondantes (15) de la rainure.
2. Elément cathodique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces de portée (16) s'étendent parallèlement à la surface de fond et à la surface supérieure (18, 20) du bloc de charbon (10).
3. Elément cathodique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la hauteur (h) des surfaces obliques évasées (14) représente 40 à 70% de la profondeur (t) de la rainure.
4. Elément cathodique selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces obliques évasées (14) commencent directement à la surface de fond (24) de la rainure (12), après un arrondi (22).
5. Elément cathodique selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la distance entre la surface de portée (16) et la surface de fond (18) du bloc de charbon (10) munie de la rainure représente au moins 30% de la profondeur (t) de la rainure.
6. Elément cathodique selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'inclinaison (a) des surfaces obliques évasées (14) sur la verticale représente 3 à 15°.
EP81810401A 1980-11-19 1981-10-07 Ancrage pour une barre cathodique Expired EP0052577B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH856580 1980-11-19
CH8565/80 1980-11-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0052577A1 EP0052577A1 (fr) 1982-05-26
EP0052577B1 true EP0052577B1 (fr) 1984-02-15

Family

ID=4342017

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81810401A Expired EP0052577B1 (fr) 1980-11-19 1981-10-07 Ancrage pour une barre cathodique

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0052577B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE6273T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU545284B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1190515A (fr)
NO (1) NO154433C (fr)
NZ (1) NZ198976A (fr)
YU (1) YU272781A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4443160A1 (de) * 1994-12-05 1996-06-13 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Verbindung zwischen Anodenstangenendzapfen und einem daran hängend befestigten Kohlenstoff-Anodenblock
EP3546620B1 (fr) * 2013-04-26 2021-12-22 Tokai COBEX GmbH Agencement de cathode avec bloc cathodique muni d'une rainure de profondeur variable et d'un dispositif de fixation

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2322284A (en) * 1983-01-31 1984-08-02 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Means of anchorage of anode joins in a carbon anode
FR2606428B1 (fr) * 1986-11-10 1989-02-03 Pechiney Aluminium Procede et dispositif de scellement, sous precontrainte, de barres cathodiques
DE102011004009A1 (de) * 2011-02-11 2012-08-16 Sgl Carbon Se Kathodenanordnung und Kathodenblock mit einer eine Führungsvertiefung aufweisenden Nut
GB2542150A (en) * 2015-09-09 2017-03-15 Dubai Aluminium Pjsc Cathode assembly for electrolytic cell suitable for the Hall-Héroult process
CN108971675B (zh) * 2018-08-27 2020-01-10 焦作和信冶金科技有限责任公司 一种电解铝阴极的机械装配方法
CN115058742A (zh) * 2022-07-06 2022-09-16 兰州理工大学 一种铝电解槽用铝炭直连阳极工作组

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH544578A (de) * 1973-02-09 1973-11-30 Alusuisse Elektrodenblock für eine Elektrolysezelle mit einem Stromleit-Barren in einer Nut des Elektrodenblockes
FR2318244A1 (fr) * 1975-07-17 1977-02-11 Savoie Electrodes Refactaires Procede de jonction de barres metalliques avec des blocs de carbone

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4443160A1 (de) * 1994-12-05 1996-06-13 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Verbindung zwischen Anodenstangenendzapfen und einem daran hängend befestigten Kohlenstoff-Anodenblock
EP3546620B1 (fr) * 2013-04-26 2021-12-22 Tokai COBEX GmbH Agencement de cathode avec bloc cathodique muni d'une rainure de profondeur variable et d'un dispositif de fixation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU545284B2 (en) 1985-07-11
EP0052577A1 (fr) 1982-05-26
YU272781A (en) 1983-12-31
NO154433C (no) 1986-09-17
ATE6273T1 (de) 1984-03-15
NZ198976A (en) 1985-04-30
NO813888L (no) 1982-05-21
AU7708981A (en) 1982-05-27
CA1190515A (fr) 1985-07-16
NO154433B (no) 1986-06-09

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