EP0049339A1 - Procédé et dispositif de trempe de pièces en acier dans un bain de liquide, notamment dans un bain d'huile - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de trempe de pièces en acier dans un bain de liquide, notamment dans un bain d'huile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0049339A1
EP0049339A1 EP81105886A EP81105886A EP0049339A1 EP 0049339 A1 EP0049339 A1 EP 0049339A1 EP 81105886 A EP81105886 A EP 81105886A EP 81105886 A EP81105886 A EP 81105886A EP 0049339 A1 EP0049339 A1 EP 0049339A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bath
liquid
workpieces
nozzles
quenching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81105886A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joachim Dr.-Ing. Wünning
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0049339A1 publication Critical patent/EP0049339A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
    • C21D1/64—Quenching devices for bath quenching with circulating liquids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for quenching steel workpieces in a liquid bath, in particular an oil bath, the liquid of which is strongly agitated to improve the cooling effect.
  • the invention relates to a device for performing this method, with a quenching container containing a liquid, in particular oil bath, devices for introducing the workpieces to be quenched, made of steel, and a device for generating a bath movement are assigned.
  • quenching liquid baths by means of which the immersed workpieces brought to a predetermined high temperature are cooled abruptly.
  • Water and mineral oils are preferably used as bath liquid.
  • the heat dissipation from the surface of the workpieces does not take place uniformly during cooling because the heat transport is influenced by evaporation processes on the surface of the workpieces.
  • the so-called vapor film phase forms a film of vaporized quenching liquid on the surface of the workpieces, which hinders the heat dissipation.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to point out a way that allows the quenching process to be optimized in a predictable manner, and without this being associated with an excessive use of energy or fear of impairment of the quality of the treated workpieces by warping or cracking.
  • the procedure according to the invention is such that at least in the phase of forming a steam film on the workpiece (steam film phase), by generating a correspondingly strong relative movement to the workpieces in the liquid bath, the heat dissipation from the workpieces with a heat flow density on the workpiece surface (quenching performance) of an average of at least 0.75 MW / m2 and that this high quenching power is maintained for a predetermined short period of time until the surface of the workpiece parts with the largest cross-section at least approximates the temperature of the stable bubble evaporation of the bath liquid and that the bath movement then on one lower value is slowed down.
  • the invention has recognized that a significant improvement in the quenching process can be achieved in that the bath movement is extremely graded at a precisely predetermined point in time. This combines the advantages of water hardening (high quenching performance) with those of oil hardening (mild cooling in the lower temperature range).
  • the liquid bath can be circulated to produce the slowed bath movement at a maximum flow rate of approximately 0.5 m / s, this circulation with moderate flow speed having the task of leading the respectively heated liquid away from the workpiece area.
  • a particularly economical implementation of the method is possible in such a way that the strong bath movement is caused by nozzle jets introduced into the liquid bath, which are generated with liquid removed from the bath and brought to a correspondingly high pressure.
  • an amount of liquid removed from the bath can be temporarily stored outside the bath and pressurized, whereupon this amount of liquid is then suddenly released and introduced into the bath in the form of the nozzle jets during the short period of time.
  • the quenching effect can be further increased by reversing the direction of the jet at least once during the short period of time.
  • the nozzle jets can also be directed onto the workpieces from at least two sides.
  • the above-mentioned circulation of the liquid bath with a moderate flow rate can expediently also be maintained during the duration of the jet streams.
  • the device mentioned at the outset can advantageously be used, which according to a further invention is characterized in that nozzles which are directed toward the workpieces are arranged in the bath container and are connected in a valve-controlled manner to a separate pressure-resistant storage container which can be filled with liquid from the bath are, which is in the filled state under gas pressure and from which the liquid can be expelled through the nozzles at high flow velocity for a predetermined short period of time.
  • the nozzles can be connected to the reservoir via reversing valves which make it possible to reverse the direction of the nozzle jets generated by the nozzles.
  • the storage container connected to a ventilation valve can be connected to a compressed gas source via a filling valve, the ventilation and the filling valve being controlled according to the program by a program switching mechanism. This allows a fully automatic, pre-programmed quenching process to be achieved.
  • the bath container can also contain a circulation device which allows the moderate bath movement to be achieved after the period of the strong bath movement.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of the invention is shown.
  • the figure shows a quenching device according to the invention in axial section in a side view and in a schematic representation.
  • a quench bath 2 consisting of mineral oil, which is kept in moderate motion by a circulation pump 4 driven by an electric motor 3.
  • the pump wheel 5 of the circulating pump 4 which is connected to the electric motor 3 via a shaft 6, rotates in a pipe socket 8 which is arranged in the bath tank 1 and contains a diffuser 7 and which is closed off by a perforated plate 9.
  • Batch frames 10 are placed on the perforated plate 9 and carry the steel workpieces 11 to be hardened, for example ball bearing rings.
  • a chamber 13 is divided laterally by an overflow wall 12, which is connected via a pump 14 and a filling line 17 containing a filling valve 16 to a pressure-resistant storage container 18 which is outside the bath container 1 located.
  • the pressure vessel 18 is connected at the top via a valve 19 to a compressed gas source indicated at 20 and is connected to a vent valve 21. Compressed air or nitrogen can be used as the compressed gas, for example.
  • nozzle fields 22, 23 are arranged in the bath container 1, immersed in the liquid bath 2, which are simply used as additional devices in the bath container 1 provided with the circulating device described.
  • Each of the nozzle frames 22, 23 has a number of nozzles 24, which are connected to a feed line 25 or 26 via a manifold (not shown).
  • the feed lines 25, 26 each contain a shut-off valve 27 or 28 and are connected to the filling line 17 via a line 29.
  • valves 16, 19, 21, 27 and 28 are designed as electrovalves, which are controlled by a programmer 30 in accordance with a predetermined time schedule.
  • the workpieces 11 brought to the appropriate temperature in an annealing furnace are placed on their batch racks 10 with the circulating pump 4 running in the manner shown in the figure in the liquid bath and placed submerged on the perforated plate 9 while the valve 19 is already open, so that the amount of liquid contained in the reservoir 18 is pressurized from the pressurized gas source 20.
  • the two valves 27, 28 are opened so that the amount of liquid contained in the reservoir 18 is conveyed by the pressure gas cushion that is loaded on it, suddenly flows out through the nozzles 24 at high speed and thereby jet nozzles directed toward the workpieces 11 in the Liquid bath forms.
  • These nozzle jets cause a secondary flow in the liquid bath 2, which can be more than ten times the amount of jets if appropriately designed.
  • a total of 0.5 m / s quenching liquid must flow through the nozzle racks, for which 0.05 m 3 / s quench liquid must flow out of the nozzles 24 of a nozzle frame 22 or 23 at a flow rate of about 30 m / s.
  • the liquid is expelled from the nozzles 24 by the energy stored in the pressure cushion in the reservoir 18 and thus with a relatively low expenditure of energy.
  • a storage container 18 with one is sufficient Capacity of 0.5 m 3 . If - to give a comparison - the same liquid flow is pressed through the nozzles 24 by means of a pump, a pump drive motor with a connected load of approx. 50 kW would be required!
  • the heat flow density on the workpiece surface ie the quenching power Q, is approximately 1.5 MW / m 2.
  • t max only valid for the duration of the strong agitation; ie. after 7 s, the described nozzle cooling is switched off suddenly, which is done by correspondingly shutting off the valves 27, 28.
  • the workpieces 11 are then completely cooled under the moderate bath movement caused by the circulating pump 4 at a flow rate of less than 0.5 m / s until they can be removed from the liquid bath 2.
  • the amount of liquid introduced through the nozzles 24 into the liquid bath 2 runs via the overflow wall 12 into the chamber 13, from where it is pumped back into the reservoir 18 by means of the pump 14, so that the system is ready for a new work cycle, which in the already described way expires.
  • the nozzles 24 of the two nozzle racks 22, 23 can be used during the steam film phase, by means of the Nozzle jets are caused, precisely measured period of time of the strong bath movement are applied together with liquid.
  • the nozzle stream can also be alternately switched from one side to the other of the batch racks 10 in a short cycle sequence of, for example, 1 s by means of the valves 27, 28.
  • the nozzle racks 22, 23 with the storage container 18 and the associated lines and valves form a relatively simple additional device which can be inserted into existing quench bath container 1 which contains a circulation pump 4.
  • a safety fitting in the line 17 (not shown further) is assigned to the storage container 18 and prevents gas from penetrating into the nozzle system 24.
  • the method described which works in the steam film phase with the extremely strong but time-limited bath movement described, is generally used in oil baths. In special cases, however, it can also be used for water baths, namely when steam film formation on the surface of the workpieces is to be avoided without special additives.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
EP81105886A 1980-10-04 1981-07-25 Procédé et dispositif de trempe de pièces en acier dans un bain de liquide, notamment dans un bain d'huile Withdrawn EP0049339A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803037639 DE3037639C2 (de) 1980-10-04 1980-10-04 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abschrecken von Werkstücken aus Stahl in einem Flüssigkeits-, insbesondere Ölbad
DE3037639 1980-10-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0049339A1 true EP0049339A1 (fr) 1982-04-14

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ID=6113670

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81105886A Withdrawn EP0049339A1 (fr) 1980-10-04 1981-07-25 Procédé et dispositif de trempe de pièces en acier dans un bain de liquide, notamment dans un bain d'huile

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0049339A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3037639C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1982001194A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4487398A (en) * 1981-09-21 1984-12-11 Atmosphere Furnace Company Salt bath quenching apparatus
EP0260207A1 (fr) * 1986-09-11 1988-03-16 Servimetal Dispositif d'étude de fluides de trempe et de trempabilité de matériaux
EP0334803A1 (fr) * 1988-03-18 1989-09-27 MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de refroidissement de produits creux
EP0621344A1 (fr) * 1993-04-21 1994-10-26 Ipsen Industries International Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung Trempe flexible et adaptive
CN108034795A (zh) * 2017-11-11 2018-05-15 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 一种厚板淬火设备的设计方法
CN113512633A (zh) * 2021-08-04 2021-10-19 长春电子科技学院 一种热处理的智能水循环装置

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3244202A1 (de) * 1982-11-30 1984-05-30 Ruhrgas Ag, 4300 Essen Verfahren und vorrichtung zum haerten von werkstuecken in einem fluessigen haertemittel
DE3803973C1 (en) * 1988-02-05 1989-03-09 Mannesmann Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf, De Apparatus for quenching elongated cylindrical pressure vessels
DE102022204920A1 (de) 2022-05-18 2023-11-23 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschreckhärten von Bauteilen mit Durchgangsöffnung

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB931153A (en) * 1958-11-12 1963-07-10 William Cull Improvements in or relating to heat treatment of components
FR1590002A (fr) * 1967-10-25 1970-04-06
DE2026586A1 (de) * 1970-05-30 1971-12-16 Kloeckner Werke Ag Olharteverfahren und vorrichtung
DE2143536A1 (de) * 1970-09-02 1972-03-09 Skf Ind Trading & Dev Vorrichtung zur Erzielung einer gleichmäßigen Abkühlung in einem Härtebad
DE2622551A1 (de) * 1976-05-20 1978-02-02 Kloeckner Werke Ag Einrichtung zum haerten von werkstuecken

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3961777A (en) * 1972-07-28 1976-06-08 Ab Volvo Apparatus for the regulated cooling of hot objects for quenching or hardening purposes

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB931153A (en) * 1958-11-12 1963-07-10 William Cull Improvements in or relating to heat treatment of components
FR1590002A (fr) * 1967-10-25 1970-04-06
DE2026586A1 (de) * 1970-05-30 1971-12-16 Kloeckner Werke Ag Olharteverfahren und vorrichtung
FR2091305A5 (fr) * 1970-05-30 1972-01-14 Kloeckner Werke Ag
DE2143536A1 (de) * 1970-09-02 1972-03-09 Skf Ind Trading & Dev Vorrichtung zur Erzielung einer gleichmäßigen Abkühlung in einem Härtebad
DE2622551A1 (de) * 1976-05-20 1978-02-02 Kloeckner Werke Ag Einrichtung zum haerten von werkstuecken

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Metals Handbook, Heft 8, Band 2, 1964, Metals Park, Ohio (US) T. LYMAN: "Heat Treating, Cleaning and Finishing", seiten 26-28 *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4487398A (en) * 1981-09-21 1984-12-11 Atmosphere Furnace Company Salt bath quenching apparatus
EP0260207A1 (fr) * 1986-09-11 1988-03-16 Servimetal Dispositif d'étude de fluides de trempe et de trempabilité de matériaux
FR2603901A1 (fr) * 1986-09-11 1988-03-18 Servimetal Dispositif d'etude de fluides de trempe et de trempabilite de materiaux
EP0334803A1 (fr) * 1988-03-18 1989-09-27 MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de refroidissement de produits creux
EP0621344A1 (fr) * 1993-04-21 1994-10-26 Ipsen Industries International Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung Trempe flexible et adaptive
CN108034795A (zh) * 2017-11-11 2018-05-15 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 一种厚板淬火设备的设计方法
CN113512633A (zh) * 2021-08-04 2021-10-19 长春电子科技学院 一种热处理的智能水循环装置
CN113512633B (zh) * 2021-08-04 2022-09-06 长春电子科技学院 一种热处理的智能水循环装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1982001194A1 (fr) 1982-04-15
DE3037639C2 (de) 1986-03-20
DE3037639A1 (de) 1982-05-19

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