EP0034717A1 - Vehicle or container, particularly a railway goods wagon - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Vehicle or container, particularly a railway goods wagon, in which two sliding wall parts (1), disposed opposite one another in the transverse direction, are in each case held at the bottom in guides so as to be pivotable and longitudinally displaceable and are connected at the top in a hinged manner by means of a respective pivoting member (3) to a roof shell (2) extending along these wall parts (1), the roof shell (2) and the sliding wall parts (1) describing lifting or pivoting movements, respectively, in the upper region as a result of the pivoting member (3) being rotated by means of an actuating device, characterized in that, for each pivoting member (3), the actuating device comprises a pivoting lever formed from an articulated lever (11) and an adjusting lever (12), of which the articulated lever (11) is pivotably mounted about a fixed point (13) on the side of the vehicle and the adjusting lever (12) is connected to a drive supplying tractive and compressive forces, the articulated lever (11) and the adjusting lever (12) being connected together in a rotatable manner at their ends remote from the fixed point (13) or from the point of application of the drive, with the arrangement of a first coupling limiting the angle of rotation of the adjusting lever, and a second coupling, formed with a clearance angle for rotary movements of a cam (15), being arranged between the adjusting lever (12) and the cam (15), which engages in a positive manner with the pivoting member (3).

Description

The invention relates to a vehicle or a container, in particular a railway freight wagon, in which two sliding wall parts lying opposite one another in the transverse direction are articulated via a swivel body each with a roof shell extending in the length of these wall parts, the roof shell and the sliding wall parts by rotating the swivel body by means of an actuating device Carry out lifting or swiveling movements.

A vehicle or a container with the aforementioned features is described in the European patent application published under number 0 011 195.

The invention has for its object to provide for a vehicle or a container of the generic type as simple and compact as possible, on the drive side with short paths and on the output side operating under limited space, actuator.

This object is achieved in that the actuating device for each swivel body has a swivel lever designed from two lever arms, the lever arms are connected at one end to form a one-way clutch with one another and with a form-fitting engaging driver in the pivot body and connected at their other, respective ends with a tensile and compressive force drive or are rotatably mounted about a fixed point.

With regard to a spatially particularly compact design of the one-way clutch of the pivot lever, according to one embodiment according to the invention it is provided that the one, longer lever arm of the pivot lever at its one end facing away from the fixed point has a socket-like head for rotatably receiving a socket-like body of the other, Shorter lever arm is provided, wherein the socket-like head of the longer lever arm has stop faces to limit the angle of rotation of the shorter lever arm and a segment-shaped approach of an angularly rigid driver socket protrudes into the circular path of an arcuate elevation formed on the socket-like body of the shorter lever arm.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the driver is movably connected to the pivot lever in the longitudinal direction in order to separate or create the positive engagement in the pivot body. This configuration is based on the following consideration:

The positive connection between a rigidly arranged driver and the swivel body is inevitably separated or created by longitudinally displacing the swiveled-out sliding wall parts with the raised roof shell for opening or closing, for example, the freight wagon act the downstream swivel lever. The above-mentioned longitudinally movable connection of the driver with the pivot lever advantageously allows said positive engagement when the sliding wall parts are at rest to separate and create with roof shell and thereby to avoid such shock-like forces.

In order to use the drive and pulling force drive for moving the swivel lever in a structurally simple and convenient manner for the operation, for the longitudinal movement of the driver, a supplementary embodiment according to the invention is that the drive with a hinge-type on the shorter Lever arm of the swivel lever articulated and engaging on the driver pivot piece is connected, a lock also mounted on the shorter lever arm in its locked position combines the swivel piece with this lever arm and in its released position allows the swivel piece to pivot in the sense of the longitudinal movements of the driver.

For an automatic release of the aforementioned lock, an additional feature according to the invention provides that the lock against a fixed web shortly before reaching the end position of the longer lever arm belonging to the open position of the roof shell and the sliding wall parts.

In order to prevent incorrect operation of the actuating device, a further embodiment of the invention is that the pivot lever is locked when the driver is out of engagement with the pivot body by a locking lever which is articulated on the end wall and can be released by inserting the driver into the pivot body.

For the same purpose as described above, in a further embodiment according to the invention, a securing body mounted on the end wall is provided, which engages behind the pivot lever as soon as the sliding wall parts with the roof shell are pushed in the direction of the open position, and by pushing back the sliding wall parts Roof shell in the closed position has its starting position allowing the pivoting lever to move.

In order to simplify the actuating device as much as possible, it is also in the essence of the invention _{that a} lever arrangement connected to lower guide elements for pivoting the pivoting wall part out and in is articulated on the lever arm of the pivoting lever which can be rotated about the fixed point.

In particular, for convenient access to the actuating device, it is provided according to a next embodiment of the invention that the drive, which is common to both swivel levers, can be operated independently of one another from both vehicle or container longitudinal sides, e.g. Cranks.

In order to achieve a particularly stable mounting of the pivoting lever in a simple manner, a further idea according to the invention is that the lever arm of the pivoting lever, which can be rotated around the fixed point, is movably supported in the region facing away from this fixed point against a guide bar fastened to the end wall in the transverse direction.

In order to inevitably guide the roof shell during their lifting movements, a next embodiment according to the invention provides that the roof shell has a fork-like receptacle for a vertically movably mounted end wall, via which the pulling and compressive forces for the pivoting lever drive can be raised and lowered Has guide body. The lifting and lowering of the guide body provided in a simple manner by means of the actuating device provides the advantage that a boundary profile that is valid for rail vehicles is maintained when the portal is closed.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the guide body is connected via a lever group to a driven handlebar which acts on the swivel lever.

In order to be able to use the actuating device also as a holder for the closed roof shell, which itself counteracts unwanted lifting during driving due to its weight, in a further development according to the invention the guide body has a closing profile which bears against the top of the receptacle on the roof shell.

With a view to simple positioning, in particular, of the roof shell when the portal is being closed, a supplementary feature according to the invention is that the receptacle on the roof shell has converging contact surfaces for the guide body toward the center of the vehicle or the container. This results in an exact, bumpless joining of the swivel body and the driver.

In an effort to keep the effort required for actuation as small as possible, a convenient, smooth bearing of the guide body according to a further embodiment of the invention is achieved in that the guide body is designed as a tube and is designed to be concave on its outer surface by means of a rotatable end wall Rolls is stored.

The advantages that can be achieved with the object according to the invention consist in particular in that the actuating device is simple and compact, which also benefits its placement on the vehicle or on the container and its functional reliability, with a full lifting or swiveling movement of the roof shell and the Sliding wall parts resulting rotation of the pivot body by approximately 180 ° is generated by moving the pivot lever only within a comparatively small pivot angle.

• Fig. 1 den prinzipartigen Querschnitt eines Güterwagens,
• Fig. 2 die Einzelheit Z aus Fig. 1, im vergrößerten Maßstab,
• Fig. 3 die Einzelheit Y aus Fig. 1, ebenfalls vergrößert,
• Fig. 4 die vereinfachte Ansicht gegen die Stirnwand des Güterwagens nach Fig. 1 mit Betätigungseinrichtung,
• Fig. 5 den in Fig. 4 rechts oben dargestellten Schwenkhebel 11, 12 als Einzelteil,
• Fig. 6 den Schnitt nach der Linie VI - VI in Fig. 5,
• Fig. 7 die Betätigungseinrichtung im oberen Bereich entsprechend Fig. 4, jedoch mit einem weitergestalteten Schwenkhebel,
• Fig. 8 die Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung X in Fig. 7,
• Fig. 9 den Schwenkhebel 11, 12 gemäß Fig. 7 in Ansicht, im vergrößerten Maßstab,
• Fig. 10 die Seitenansicht des Schwenkhebels nach Fig. 9,
• Fig. 11 die Draufsicht des Schwenkhebels nach Fig. 9,
• Fig. 12 den Schnitt nach der Linie XII - XII in Fig. 9,
• Fig. 13 den Schnitt nach der Linie XIII - XIII in Fig. 12,
• Fig. 14 die Betätigungseinrichtung im Schnitt nach der Linie XIV - XIV in Fig. 4,
• Fig. 15 eine weitere Ansicht gegen einen Bereich der Stirnwand des Güterwagens nach Fig. 1₉
• Fig. 16 die vereinfachte Draufsicht zu Fig. 15.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are described in more detail below. Show it

• 1 shows the principle cross section of a freight car,
• 2 shows the detail Z from FIG. 1, on an enlarged scale,
• 3 shows detail Y from FIG. 1, likewise enlarged,
• 4 shows the simplified view against the end wall of the freight wagon according to FIG. 1 with the actuating device,
• 5 the pivot lever 11, 12 shown at the top right in FIG. 4 as an individual part,
• 6 shows the section along the line VI - VI in FIG. 5,
• 7 shows the actuating device in the upper area corresponding to FIG. 4, but with a further designed pivot lever,
• 8 shows the view in the direction of arrow X in FIG. 7,
• 9 the pivot lever 11, 12 according to FIG. 7 in view, on an enlarged scale,
• 10 is a side view of the pivot lever of FIG. 9,
• 11 shows the top view of the pivoting lever according to FIG. 9,
• 12 shows the section along the line XII - XII in FIG. 9,
• 13 shows the section along the line XIII - XIII in FIG. 12,
• 14 shows the actuating device in section along the line XIV-XIV in FIG. 4,
• Fig. 15 is a further view against a portion of the end wall of the wagon of Fig. 1 ₉
• 16 shows the simplified top view of FIG. 15.

In the freight car according to the present exemplary embodiment, the side walls each consist of two sliding wall parts 1. The car roof is formed by two roof shells 2, each of which extends in the length of a sliding wall part 1 and is articulated to the wall parts 1 opposite in the transverse direction of the car via swivel bodies 3. The two portals formed in this way can be guided into an open position by rotating the associated swivel bodies 3 by almost 180 ° and in space - see in particular FIG. 2 - and by moving the lower guide elements 4 described below (see FIG. 3) which move them longitudinally of the corresponding portal via the other portal in the closed position.

According to FIG. 3, the lower guide elements 4 contain a shaft 4a with swivel arms 4b attached thereto, each of which engages in a mounting of carriages 1a provided with rollers 1b on the sliding wall part 1. The sliding wall part 1 is in the closed position via a web 1c supported on its carriage 1a on a long girder 5a of the carriage underframe 5 and - after the shaft 4a has been moved - in the open position on a track 5b lying in front of the shaft 4a on the underframe 5 so as to be longitudinally displaceable.

Moreover, each portal according to FIG. 2 is held in the closed position by the swivel body 3 above the dead center position, that is to say without the otherwise required locks. In the open position of the portal, a flange 2a of this shell 2 and a flange 1d of the sliding wall part 1 rest against the respective swivel body 3 under the weight of the roof shell 2 in the sense of stabilization, with additional protection against movement of the opened sliding wall parts 1 in the direction of a longitudinal bracket 3a is mounted on the end of the car body at the end wall end of the swivel body 3 and acts against a nose 1e on the sliding wall part 1.

The actuating device - see initially FIG. 4 - for the aforementioned rotation of the swivel body 3 and the movement of the shafts 4a of each portal is mounted on the corresponding end wall of the freight car and is configured as follows:

For easy access from each side of the car, two operating shafts 6 (see also FIG. 14) provided with a handwheel or crank 6a can be connected independently of one another via plug-in couplings 6b to a lower gear 7 which deflects the direction of force, here a bevel gear 7. A drive shaft 8 is used to connect an upper worm gear 9 to the lower bevel gear 7.

As can also be seen from FIG. 4, the worm gear 9 carries on the output side a rotary lever 9a, the ends of which each receive a handlebar 10, preferably by means of a ball head. As an alternative to worm gear 9 15 and a further bevel gear 7a is provided according to FIG. 15, which cooperates with the respective handlebar 10 via a threaded spindle 7b with nut 7c.

The free end of each handlebar rod 10 is operatively connected to a two-armed pivot lever, which is shown as an individual part in FIGS. 5 and 6. The one, longer lever arm 11 of the pivot lever is rotatable about a front-wall-side fixed point 13, wherein a remote from the fixed point 13 area of this lever arm 11 against a front wall side fixed guide bar 25 (see FIG _o 7) supported. The longer lever arm 11 has a bush-like head 11a which has a stop surface 11b delimiting a recess in this head 11a for the other, shorter lever arm 12 of the pivoting lever. The head 11a of the longer lever arm 11 receives a likewise bush-like body 12a of the shorter lever arm 12 with the interposition of a sliding bush 14, an arch-shaped elevation 12b being formed on this body 12a. A segment-shaped extension 15b of a driver bush 15a projects into the circular path of this elevation 12b and is supported by a further inner slide bush 14a in the bush-like body 12a of the shorter lever arm 12. see Fig. 9 and 11 with respect to the driver 15 - connected, the other end of which has a form-fitting engagement in the swivel body 3 flat 15c _o Otherwise, a cover plate 11c screwed to the socket-like head 11a secures the parts arranged in this head 11a against falling out.

As can also be seen from FIG. 4 or 7, a connecting lever 19 is articulated on the longer lever arm 11 of each pivoting lever with regard to the pivoting out and inward pivoting of the associated sliding wall part 1 in the lower region, which A lifting rod 21 is actuated via a rigid angle lever 20. The lifting rod 21 engages an arm 4c attached to the end wall on the shaft 4a for rotating this shaft 4a.

The actuating device works in the following way: The movement initiated to open a portal with one of the operating shafts 6 passes through bevel gear 7, drive shaft 8, worm gear 9, rotary lever 9a and the handlebars 10 to the shorter lever arms 12 of the two swivel levers, which in the direction of the longer lever arms 11 are pressed. The respective shorter lever arm 12 rotates within the bush-like head 11a of the longer lever arm 11 which initially remains in its position; the arcuate elevation 12b of the body 12a acts on the shorter lever arm 12 against the segment-shaped extension 15b of the driver bush 15a, so that the pivot body 3 ultimately executes the corresponding rotational movement about its wall-side axis of rotation 3b as a fixed point via the driver 15 connected to this bush 15a. The possible angle of rotation of the shorter lever arm 12 is limited by the right stop surface 11b on the head 11a of the longer lever arm 11 in the drawing plane of FIG. 5. The abovementioned stop surface 11b is arranged such that, with an effective limitation, the swivel body 3 has in any case come from its over-dead center position into the closed position in a position which permits the swivel body 3 to be rotated further by swiveling the longer lever arm 11 about the fixed point 13 on the end wall. In this case, the wall-side axis of rotation 3b moves approximately rectilinearly outwards and the roof-side axis of rotation 3c likewise upwards until the swivel body 3 is approximately vertical at a new dead center and subsequently swings into the open position.

On the way of the swivel body 3 into the open position, the segment-shaped extension 15b of the driving bush 15a lifts from one side of the curved elevation 12b of the body 12a on the shorter lever arm 12 and, when in the open position, bears against the other side of the elevation 12b. To close the portal, the shorter lever arm 12 of the swivel lever is again operated first; the driver bush 15a is rotated via the aforementioned interaction of the curved elevation 12b with the segment-shaped projection 15b and the swivel body 3 is moved approximately into its vertical position about its wall-side axis of rotation 3b. The left stop surface 11b in FIG. 5 on the head 11a of the longer lever arm 11 limits the angle of rotation of the shorter lever arm 12. The closing ends when the longer lever arm 11 swings back.

When longitudinally displacing a portal for loading or unloading the freight wagon, the positive connection between the respective swivel body 3 and the flat 15c of the driver 15 is canceled. When the portal is pushed shut, this connection is formed again, with a jaw-shaped expansion of the swivel body 3 compensating for an offset that is within the permitted manufacturing tolerance. In order to keep the swivel body 3 and the driver 15 free of dynamic forces in any case, which can occur when the positive connection is formed, the driver 15 in the swivel lever according to FIGS. 9 to 13 is movable in the longitudinal direction. This pivot lever is based on the structure according to FIGS. 5 and 6. In addition, the shorter lever arm 12 is provided with a support plate 12c, which receives a bolt 12e for a swivel piece 12f in bearing eyes 12d. The handlebar 10 engages a Schwcnkgabel 12g of the pivot piece 12f. A lock 16 mounted on the support plate 12c of the shorter lever arm 12 ensures that the swivel piece 12f cannot initially rotate about the bolt 12e. A driving fork 12h of the swivel piece 12f serves for the rotatable fastening - screws 17, sleeves 17a - of a bearing bush 15d holds the end facing away from the flat 15c of the driver 15. The driver 15 is here connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the driver bush 15a via a shaft 15e which is square in cross section. The portal is opened in the manner already described, that is, by rotating the shorter lever arm 12, here with support plate 12c, and moving the longer lever arm 11 around the end wall fixed point 13. The lock 16 runs shortly before reaching the end position of the longer lever arm 11 a web 18 on the end wall (see FIG. 7) and ultimately releases the pivot piece 12f. By continuing to operate the crank 6a, the swivel piece 12f is rotated about the bolt 12e until the sleeves 17a in the driving fork 12h of the swivel piece 12f have passed through the curved path 12j located in this fork 12h (see FIG. 11). The flattened portion 15c of the driver 15 is pulled out of the swivel body 3 and brought into a position that lies outside the run-up plane of the retracted portal. The insertion of the driver 15 into the swivel body 3 is accordingly reversed and before the described closing of the portal.

7 and 8, a securing body 22 is shown in the operative position with the longitudinally displaced portal, which prevents improper movement of the pivot lever 11, 12 back into the closed position. For this purpose, this securing body 22 is rotatably mounted on a bracket 23 of the end wall and moves automatically by means of a counterweight 22a when the portal is moved longitudinally to open it; a web 22b of the securing body 22 then engages behind a nose 12k shown in FIGS. 7 and 9 on the support plate 12c of the shorter lever arm 12. The portal leads when pushed over a trigger 3d shown in FIG. 2, which is fastened to the folding bracket 3a Securing body 22 against the force of the counterweight 22b back into the starting position, not shown.

Another securing lever 24 shown in FIG. 8, independent of the securing body 22, ensures that the pivoting lever 11, 12 can only be moved back when the driver 15 has engaged in the pivoting body 3 in a form-fitting manner. This locking lever 24 is also mounted on the end wall outside its center of gravity, is tilted when the longer lever arm 11 of the swivel lever is moved into the open position via an inclined surface 121 on the support plate 12c of the shorter lever arm 12 (see FIG. 11) and finally snaps behind one at the end of the inclined surface 121 cams located 12m. A mandrel 12n attached to the swivel piece 12f of the shorter lever arm 12 guides the safety lever 24 back into its starting position when the positive connection between the driver 15 and the swivel body 3 is formed and thus releases the swivel lever 11, 12 for moving back.

To lock the swivel lever 11, 12 according to FIGS. 5 and 6, in which the driver 15 is arranged rigidly, only the securing body 22 is sufficient, which for this purpose detects the nose 12k located directly on the shorter lever arm 12.

The arrangement shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 forms in particular a guide for the roof shell 2 during its lifting movements. For this purpose, the roof shell 2 is provided with a fork-like receptacle 2b for a guide body 26 located on the end wall 29, which is mounted so as to be vertically movable via rollers 28 which are rotatably fastened there and have a concave design on their outer surface. In order to be able to raise or lower the guide body 26 in a simple manner in accordance with the lifting movements of the roof shell 2, the handlebar 10 connected to the nut 7c on the threaded spindle 7b of the upper bevel gear 7a and on the other hand to the shorter lever arm 12 of the pivoting lever is connected via a lever group 27 the guide body 26 in operative connection.

As can also be seen from FIGS. 15 and 16, the guide body 26 has an end profile 26a which bears against the top of the receptacle 2b on the roof shell 2. As a result, a holder for the closed roof shell 2 is formed. In addition, the bevels 2c of the receptacle 2b shown in FIG. 16, together with the guide body 26, position the roof shell 2 in particular when the portal is pushed shut.

Claims (15)

1. Vehicle or container, in particular railway freight wagons, in which two sliding wall parts (1) lying opposite one another in the transverse direction are each articulated via a swivel body (3) with a roof shell (2) extending in the length of these wall parts (1), the roof shell (2 ) and perform the sliding wall parts (1) by rotating the swivel body (3) by means of an actuating device lifting or swiveling movements, characterized in that the actuating device for each swivel body (3) has a swivel lever designed from two lever arms (11, 12), the Lever arms (11, 12) are connected at one end to form a one - way clutch with one another and with a driver (15) engaging in a form - fitting manner in the swivel body (3), and connected or connected at their other, respective ends to a drive that supplies tensile and compressive forces are rotatably mounted about a fixed point (13). 2. Vehicle or container according to claim 1, characterized in that the one, longer lever arm (11) of the pivoting lever at its one end facing away from the fixed point (13) with a socket-like head (11a) for rotatably receiving a socket-like body (12a) of the other, shorter lever arm (12) is provided, the bush-like head (11a) of the longer lever arm (11) having stop faces (11b) for limiting the angle of rotation of the shorter lever arm (12), and into the circular path of one on the bush-like body (12a ) of the shorter lever arm (12) formed arcuate elevation (12b) projects into a segment-shaped extension (15b) of an angularly rigid driver sleeve (15) attached to the driver (15). 3. Vehicle or container according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the driver (15) for separating or Creating the positive engagement in the swivel body (3) is connected to the swivel lever (11, 12) so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction. 4. Vehicle or container according to claim 3, characterized in that the drive is connected to a pivoted in the manner of a hinge on the shorter lever arm (12) of the pivot lever and on the driver (15) engaging pivot piece (12f), one also on the shorter lever arm (12) stored lock (16) in its locked position combines the swivel piece (12f) with this lever arm (12) and in its released position allows the swivel piece (12f) to swivel in the sense of the longitudinal movements of the driver (15). 5. Vehicle or container according to claim 4, characterized in that the lock (16) against a fixed web (18) shortly before reaching the open position of the roof shell (2) and the sliding wall parts (1) belonging to the end position of the longer lever arm (11) starts up. 6. Vehicle or container according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the pivot lever (11, 12) when out of engagement in the pivot body (3) standing driver (15) articulated by an end face, with insertion of the driver (15 ) in the swivel body (3) releasable locking lever (24) is locked. 7. Vehicle or container according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by an end wall mounted securing body (22) which engages behind the pivot lever (11, 12) as soon as the sliding wall parts (1) with the roof shell (2) are pushed in the direction of the open position and, by pushing back the sliding wall parts (1) with the roof shell (2) into the closed position, it has its starting position which allows the pivoting lever to be moved. 8. Vehicle or container according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that connected to the fixed arm (13) rotatable lever arm (11) of the pivot lever with lower guide elements (4) for pivoting the pivoting wall part (1) Lever arrangement (19, 20, 21) is articulated. 9. Vehicle or container according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the common drive for both swivel levers from both vehicle or container longitudinal sides of independently operable operating means, e.g. Cranks (6a). 10. Vehicle or container according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the lever arm (11) rotatable about the fixed point (13) of the pivoting lever in its area facing away from this fixed point (13) against an end wall fastened guide bar (25) in Transverse direction is supported movably. 11. Vehicle or container according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the roof shell (2) has a fork-like receptacle (2b) for a vertically movably mounted end wall, via which the tensile and compressive forces for the swivel levers (11, 12) supplying drive has lifting and lowering guide body (26). 12. Vehicle or container according to claim 11, characterized in that the guide body (26) via a lever group (27) with a driven, on the pivot lever (11, 12) engaging handlebar (10) is connected. 13. Vehicle or container according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the guide body (26) has an end profile (26a) abutting against the top of the receptacle (2b) on the roof shell (2). 14. Vehicle or container according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the receptacle (2b) on the roof shell (2) to the transverse center of the vehicle or the container converging contact surfaces (2c) for the guide body (26). 15. Vehicle or container according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the guide body (26) is designed as a tube and is mounted on the end face rotatably mounted, concavely designed rollers (28) on its outer surface.

Images