EP0031844B1 - Dispositif pour proceder automatiquement a l'enlevement des bobines pleines des broches et la mise en place des fuseaux vides sur les broches d'une machine de preparation de filature - Google Patents
Dispositif pour proceder automatiquement a l'enlevement des bobines pleines des broches et la mise en place des fuseaux vides sur les broches d'une machine de preparation de filature Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0031844B1 EP0031844B1 EP80901456A EP80901456A EP0031844B1 EP 0031844 B1 EP0031844 B1 EP 0031844B1 EP 80901456 A EP80901456 A EP 80901456A EP 80901456 A EP80901456 A EP 80901456A EP 0031844 B1 EP0031844 B1 EP 0031844B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- machine
- chain
- accordance
- spindles
- grippers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H9/00—Arrangements for replacing or removing bobbins, cores, receptacles, or completed packages at paying-out or take-up stations ; Combination of spinning-winding machine
- D01H9/02—Arrangements for replacing or removing bobbins, cores, receptacles, or completed packages at paying-out or take-up stations ; Combination of spinning-winding machine for removing completed take-up packages and replacing by bobbins, cores, or receptacles at take-up stations; Transferring material between adjacent full and empty take-up elements
- D01H9/04—Doffing arrangements integral with spinning or twisting machines
- D01H9/046—Doffing arrangements integral with spinning or twisting machines for flyer type machines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for automatically pulling the full bobbins and attaching the empty sleeves from or to the spindles of a roving machine by means of grippers provided for each full bobbin and sleeve carriers provided for each empty sleeve, the roving machine having at least one row of spindles and above each spindle has a wing consisting of a wing head, a wing yoke and two wing arms, and the wing heads of the wings lying in a row are rotatably supported in a carrier extending in the longitudinal direction of the machine.
- a device of this type is known from FR-A No. 1509130 and CH-A No. 442090, in which each wing is mounted and driven in a stationary upper support and carries a plug-in mandrel for the sleeve, and in which a vertically displaceably guided one Coil carrier carries a spindle having the shape of a short arbor.
- Lowering the bobbin further ensures that the distance between the lower end of the arbor of the wing and the upper end of the bobbin sleeve is greater than the depth of immersion of the arbor of the spindle in the sleeve. Thanks to this arrangement, the full bobbin can now be removed by means of a gripper after it has been lifted over the mandrel of the spindle, transversely to the spindle and to the longitudinal axis of the machine. An empty sleeve can then also be moved across the spindle and to the longitudinal axis of the machine, in the free space between the spindle and the wing, by means of a sleeve carrier and can be inserted onto the mandrel of the spindle by slightly lowering it.
- This device By lifting the bobbin into the working position, the sleeve is brought into the correct position with respect to the wing, which means that the replacement operation is to be regarded as finished.
- This device in which corresponding organs are provided for the transverse displacement of the bobbins and the sleeves, implements the mechanized exchange of the bobbins on a roving machine.
- the bobbin must be able to be lowered by more than the entire length of the sleeve or outside the normal stroke of the bobbin. This results in a high, unfavorable position of the working organs of the machine during normal operation, which entails operational disadvantages.
- the " cross pull" of the coils means that the space in front of the machine is blocked, before the replacement operation by the prepared sleeves and after the operation by the coils.
- the necessary work elements which are in the form of fork-shaped grippers that can be swiveled about a vertical axis, make operating the machine more difficult.
- lowerable spindles and fixed wings are also provided with an arbor.
- the spools and sleeves are no longer, as in the previously mentioned example, transversely to the spindle and to the longitudinal axis of the machine, but transversely to the spindle, but parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine, removed from the spindle, or brought up.
- a conveyor belt is provided above the coil carrier, on which the sleeve feet of the drawn-off coils come to rest after the mandrels of the spindles have been lowered even further.
- the full bobbins are thus removed in a vertical position, transversely to the spindle axis, in the longitudinal direction of the roving machine; the empty sleeves are then positioned in the same way.
- This device also has the operating disadvantages mentioned above due to the length of the lowering movement of the coil carrier for the first-mentioned device. On the other hand, it does not take up additional space in front of the machine. However, it is complicated and expensive because of the presence of the conveyor belt, which must have individual spool and tube carriers, and also requires a high level of maintenance and cleanliness.
- the device for performing the method according to the invention should be further robust and reliable and require a minimum of maintenance work.
- each wing of the row (s) in the is pivoted essentially about an axis intersecting symmetrically in its lower sections, both wing arms, and that a control device is provided with which the wings are parked before being pivoted into the intended position.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a roving machine according to the invention, only the elements necessary for understanding the invention being shown for reasons of simplicity.
- Such a machine consists of at least one row of spindles, onto which the sleeves for winding the roving as spools 2 are attached, and of associated blades 1, which are the same in operation.
- the spindles are shown in FIG. 1 only by the spools on them 2 indicated: They sit in a manner known per se on a spindle bench (not shown) which can be moved up and down in vertical guides (not shown) distributed along the machine and is equipped with the necessary drive elements for the rotation of the spindles.
- the carrier 7 is supported by columns 8 which are distributed along the machine and which, in their lower sections, have the stationary frame of the machine, which is not further described are articulated.
- Appropriate means, not shown, are provided for the simultaneous parallel pivoting of the columns transversely to the longitudinal axis of the machine.
- the wing head 6 consists, as shown in FIG. 6, of a partially hollow axis 10.
- the machine also has a feed gate, not shown, which is arranged above or behind the drafting system and by means of which the textile fiber slivers are fed to each spinning station.
- the spindles, the wings 1 and the drafting system 12 are made in a manner known per se, starting e.g. driven by a drive head 13 arranged at one end of the pre-spinning machine, in which the further drive elements for the organs of the pulling-off and attaching device to be described later (e.g. for the simultaneous, parallel pivoting of the columns 8) can also be contained.
- each spindle and the associated wing 1 rotate coaxially, i.e. the wing 1 is arranged in the vertical position above the spindle.
- the roving 14 supplied by the drafting device 12 is passed through the hollow axis 10 of the wing head 6, reaches one of the wing arms 3, 4 (for example wing arm 4 according to FIG. 6) and is guided onto the surface of the corresponding bobbin 2 by means of a press finger (not shown) on which it is wound.
- the relationship between the rotational speeds of the spindle and the vane to be maintained for this purpose is known to any person skilled in the art and need not be described here.
- the up and down movement of the spindle carrying the bobbin 2 ensures that the roving is deposited on the surface of the bobbin 2 in ordered, parallel turns.
- the roving machine according to the invention is further equipped with a pull-off and plug-on member 18 which can be moved vertically up and down via the spindle, a gripper 15 for each full bobbin 2 and a sleeve carrier 16 for the empty sleeves 17, which e.g. has the shape of a bar 20 guided on vertical guides 19.
- the double arrow f of the figure indicates the movement of the pulling bar 20, which is accomplished by means not shown (e.g. pulley blocks or pneumatic cylinders).
- the beam 20 has a chain 21 running in a vertical plane (schematically in FIG. 1, i.e. without the segments forming it), along which the grippers 15 and the sleeve carriers 16 are fastened.
- a longitudinal strand of the chain e.g. the lower longitudinal strand 22, which are at the same distance from one another with the gripper 15 having the spindle pitch t, for the full bobbins 2, while the second longitudinal strand, i.e. e.g. the upper longitudinal strand 23, which also carries the same distance between the spindle pitch t having sleeve carrier 16 for the empty sleeves 17.
- the arrangement of the chain 21 shown here with debris 22 and 23 revolving in a vertical plane has the advantage of an optimal use of space over an arrangement which is also conceivable, but not shown, with a chain revolving in a horizontal plane, and above all if, as is the case Most often the case with such roving machines, this is a double row machine.
- FIG. 2 shows the two rows of spindles 24 and 25, which are supported and driven in a schematically illustrated spindle or coil bank 26.
- the spindle bench 26 guides the above-mentioned vertical up and down movement for depositing the roving onto the bobbin 2 and allows the spatial conditions to be observed for the sequence according to the invention to be observed particularly well.
- the wings 1 shown in FIG. 2 are " closed” wings, ie those in which the wing arms 3 and 4 have at their free lower ends, for example, a ring 27, the light width of which is larger than the diameter D of the full coil 2 is connected.
- Such " closed” blades have the advantage that they are suitable for the highest speeds, since the ring 27 reinforces them very effectively.
- the presence of such a ring 27 on the wing 1 in the roving machine according to the invention in which the full bobbin 2 is pulled off and the empty sleeve 17 is inserted in the vertical direction, plays no role whatsoever in terms of obstructing the operations mentioned.
- Fig. 2 it is now shown how the carrier 7 (of which there are of course two here), starting from its working position A, which is shown in broken lines, is pivoted into the pull-off position B (shown in solid lines), in which all the wings mounted in it 1 of a row at an angle to the corresponding one Spindle axis x come to rest.
- each wing 1 which was parked for the pull-off operation, has both arms 3 and 4 in which all the spindle axes x a row of spindles are arranged, are pivoted substantially about an axially intersecting axis z z two wing arms 3 and 4 in their lower sections.
- Fig. 2 the trace of the axis z is deliberately drawn as a small circle to underline that it is not necessary that the pivot axis z is stationary during the pivoting movement (which would mean that the wing head 6 of each wing and the Carrier 7 would have to describe an arc with center in z - as required by a preferred embodiment of the invention), but that it can move easily.
- pivot axis z intersects both wing arms 3 and 4 symmetrically, which is achieved in that before the wing 1 is pivoted, these are placed in a position in which each wing yoke 5 (see FIG. 1) is in a vertical position plane to be pivoted comes to rest.
- the wing 1 in its lower part, e.g. by means of the ring 27, which is additionally articulated in a sleeve which rotates centrally with respect to the spindle, the pivoting of the wing 1 must of course take place about this (not shown) joint axis, with which the wing head 6 must then describe an arc when pivoting.
- Fig. 2 the path described by the highest point of the carrier 7 when pivoting from position A to position B is shown in dash-dotted lines.
- FIGS. 3a to 31 show the individual sections in a schematic representation. To simplify matters, only those elements are shown here that are necessary to understand the mode of operation.
- 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3g, 3h and 3i are simplified cross sections along a double-row roving machine, while in Fig. 3e, 3k and 31 the end of the roving machine is shown, where the chain 21 frees the transported spools 2 , or is loaded with the empty sleeves 17.
- FIG. 3a shows the situation shortly after the coils 2 are finished and the machine is switched off.
- the wings 1 are parked in a specific position, namely in this example so that the plane containing the two wing arms is parallel to the carrier 7.
- a bar 20 is provided symmetrically above the spindle and has a single circulating chain 21.
- the grippers 15 and the sleeve carrier 16 on each side of the bar 20 are connected to the circulating chain 21 on both sides by means of cranked arms 28, as will be described in more detail later with reference to the larger representation in FIG. 2.
- the sleeve carrier 16 lying in the upper chain center are fitted with sleeves 17.
- FIG 3e shows how, by rotating the chain 21 by half its length (arrow n indicates this shift), the grippers 15 lying first in the lower chain center 22 with the coils 2 are moved to the upper chain center 23, while the sleeves 17 carrying sleeve carrier 16 follow the opposite route.
- This displacement of the coils 2 and the sleeves 17 takes place according to a preferred embodiment of the invention such that the grippers 15 and the sleeve carriers 16 always hang down on the chain 21 under the influence of gravity, as will be described in more detail later.
- Fig. 3f the sleeves 17 are ready to be fitted vertically above the spindles 29, i.e. the process that is in progress in Fig. 3g.
- Arrow p indicates the movement of the beam 20 with sleeves 17 downwards.
- Fig. 3h it is shown that the bar 20 is already moved back to the spindles 29 to its upper position (as indicated by arrow q) after the empty sleeves 17 have been plugged in (with the torn fiber beard being clamped between the sleeve foot and the spindle, as is known per se). and (as FIG. 3i shows) comes to a standstill again in this position.
- 3i shows that the wings 1 are pivoted back into their working position, the rovings 14 are stretched again between the drafting system (not shown) and the wing head, the roving machine can be put into operation again.
- 3k and 31 show how, during normal operation of the machine, the bobbins 2 are removed from the grippers 15 by revolving the chain 21 at one end of the machine, and how empty bobbins 17 on the sleeve carriers 16 for the next pull-off and slip-on operation to get prepared.
- control members which act on the drive members for the rotation of the wings 1 and cause the wings 1 to be turned into the position provided for their pivoting.
- the common carrier 7, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the machine and in which the wing heads 6 of the wings 1 are mounted, can have the shape of a box-shaped, closed, straight trough 30, FIG. 6.
- This execution The variant of the carrier 7 is particularly advantageous with regard to the lubrication of the bearings 31 and 32, which can be done, for example, with an oil bath, without risk of contamination for the roving 14, and on the development of noise.
- the organs for the common drive of all wings 1 of a row can also be arranged in the trough 30; in Fig. 6 e.g. shown how the hollow axis 10 carries the wing head 6 of a toothed pulley 33 between the two bearings 1 and 32, which is in a manner known per se in engagement with a toothed tangential belt 34. With 35 the return flow of the belt 34 is designated.
- the solution shown here for driving the wings 1 in a trough 30 is only one example of many other possible solutions, such as e.g. Gear drive or group drive using a plurality of belts, etc.
- FIG. 2 shows how, in a double-row pre-spinning machine, the beam 20 is arranged in the plane of symmetry between two planes containing the spindle axis x and can be moved up and down with means not shown and can have a series of grippers 15 and sleeve carriers 16 on both sides.
- This solution allows two rows of spindles to be operated with a single bar 20 and is therefore economically very cheap.
- the single bar 20 has a single circumferential chain 21 with a lower longitudinal strand 22 and an upper longitudinal strand 23, which chain 21 is formed from individual links, not shown, and their debris 22 and 23 are guided through suitable longitudinal guides 36a in the beam 20.
- a single chain 21 for both rows of spindles is economically advantageous.
- the grippers 15 and the sleeve carriers 16 on each side of the beam 20 are connected to the circumferential chain 21 on both sides by means of cranked arms 28, so that in the lowered state of the beam 20 (as shown in FIG. 2), in which the full spools 2 are being gripped by the grippers 15, the lower longitudinal strand 22 of the chain 21 comes to lie directly above one of the two troughs 30 and the bent arms 28 of the chain 21 enclose the trough 30 on both sides.
- This arrangement of the chain 21 can save space in the height of the machine, especially if this in connection with the previously mentioned solution for fastening the grippers 15 and the sleeve carrier 16 to the chain 21, each with a bearing 36, thanks which the gripper 15 and the sleeve carrier 16 are anchored to the chain 21, happens.
- the vertical take-off of the bobbin 2 on the double-row spinning machine with the wing 1 pivoted according to the invention becomes very simple, in that one of the two troughs 30 can be pivoted in the free space between the two rows of bobbins and the common take-off of the full bobbins 2 of both rows does not prevents.
- the sleeve carrier 16 which can be exactly the same as the gripper 15, as it is by means of a bearing 36 with the chain 21, here e.g. a cranked arm 28:
- the sleeve carrier 16 is fixedly connected to a bearing block 37, which is freely supported on an axis 38 fixedly connected to the arm 28.
- Two adjusting rings 39 and 40 ensure the axial guidance of the bearing block 37 on the axis 38. Thanks to this arrangement, the sleeve carrier 16, or the gripper 15, not shown, under the influence of gravity regardless of the position of the arm 28 in space, and especially when rotating the chain 21 (see FIGS. 3e, 3k and 31), always hang in its vertical position.
- the bearings 36 for the sleeve carriers 16 are provided with elastic form-fitting elements, e.g. equipped with spring balls 42, which snap into a groove 41 of the axis 38, which secure the sleeve carriers 16 located in the lower chain center 22 in their vertical hanging position.
- gripper 15 or as sleeve carrier 16 e.g. the so-called Casablanca cones known in spinning practice are ideally suited.
- pivoting of the wings 1 of the roving machine shown here about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine is not the only type of such pivoting within the scope of this invention. Solutions are also conceivable without further ado in which the pivot axis of each wing 1 is e.g. is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the roving machine.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
Abstract
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT80901456T ATE5781T1 (de) | 1979-07-10 | 1980-06-30 | Vorrichtung zum automatischen abziehen der vollen spulen und aufstecken der leeren huelsen auf eine vorspinnmaschine. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH642079 | 1979-07-10 | ||
CH6420/79 | 1979-07-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0031844A1 EP0031844A1 (fr) | 1981-07-15 |
EP0031844B1 true EP0031844B1 (fr) | 1984-01-04 |
Family
ID=4309327
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80901456A Expired EP0031844B1 (fr) | 1979-07-10 | 1981-02-09 | Dispositif pour proceder automatiquement a l'enlevement des bobines pleines des broches et la mise en place des fuseaux vides sur les broches d'une machine de preparation de filature |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4389840A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0031844B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH0235050B2 (fr) |
AR (1) | AR222234A1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE5781T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU531150B2 (fr) |
BE (1) | BE884221A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR8008751A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3066048D1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES493615A0 (fr) |
IE (1) | IE49939B1 (fr) |
IN (1) | IN153933B (fr) |
IT (1) | IT1131953B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1981000264A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0080574B1 (fr) * | 1981-11-27 | 1985-10-30 | Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag | Appareil pour enlever des bobines |
JPH0663150B2 (ja) * | 1985-09-06 | 1994-08-17 | 豊和工業株式会社 | 粗紡機の管替装置 |
IT1207067B (it) * | 1986-01-28 | 1989-05-17 | Marzoli E C Spa Flli | Procedimento ed apparecchiatura per la levata automatica delle spole e la sostituzione delle stesse con tubi vuoti in un banco a fusi. |
DE3606612A1 (de) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-09-03 | Zinser Textilmaschinen Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum selbsttaetigen wechseln von auslaufenden vorgarnspulen an einer spinnmaschine |
DE3630214C3 (de) * | 1986-09-04 | 1994-04-07 | Zinser Textilmaschinen Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum selbsttätigen Austausch voller Spulen gegen leere Hülsen an einer Vorspinnmaschine (Flyer-Doffer) |
IT1222821B (it) * | 1987-10-02 | 1990-09-12 | Marzoli & C Spa | Apparecchiatura atta ad effettuare,in modo automatico,il prelievo delle spole e la loro sostituzione con tubi vuoti,su banchi a fusi |
US5022223A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1991-06-11 | Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag | Method of and apparatus for automatically exchanging bobbins at a flyer |
IT1237906B (it) * | 1989-12-14 | 1993-06-18 | Luigi Pezzoli | Apparecchiatura automatica per il prelievo di spole e per la loro sostituzione con tubetti vuoti, su banchi a fusi |
DE4229296A1 (de) * | 1992-09-02 | 1994-03-03 | Zinser Textilmaschinen Gmbh | Vorspinnmaschine mit einer Einrichtung zum selbsttätigen Auswechseln voller Vorgarnspulen gegen leere Vorgarnhülsen |
DE4406488C1 (de) * | 1994-02-28 | 1995-08-10 | Zinser Textilmaschinen Gmbh | Vorspinnmaschine |
EP0911433B1 (fr) * | 1997-10-22 | 2002-06-05 | Zinser Textilmaschinen GmbH | Procédé de filature avec des métiers à filer à ailettes et des métiers à filer à anneaux |
EP0913509A1 (fr) * | 1997-10-22 | 1999-05-06 | Zinser Textilmaschinen GmbH | Procédé de filature avec des métiers à filer à ailettes et des métiers à filer à anneaux |
JP5302888B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-31 | 2013-10-02 | エスケー ケミカルズ カンパニー リミテッド | 薬物含有高分子微小球の製造方法及びその方法により製造された薬物含有高分子微小球 |
MX2011004994A (es) | 2008-11-14 | 2011-09-28 | Y Sk Chemicals Co Ltd Ewha University Industry Collaboration Foundation | Metodo para preparar microesferas y microesferas producidas por el mismo. |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US246469A (en) * | 1881-08-30 | Spinning-machine | ||
DE1072520B (fr) * | 1959-12-31 | |||
US1049545A (en) * | 1906-07-05 | 1913-01-07 | William Howard Arnold Forster | Spinning-machine. |
US1263714A (en) * | 1915-02-08 | 1918-04-23 | Alfred Stell | Doffing apparatus for spinning and like machines. |
US1263715A (en) * | 1915-11-26 | 1918-04-23 | Alfred Stell | Doffing apparatus for spinning and like machines. |
US3380238A (en) * | 1966-09-29 | 1968-04-30 | Toyoda Automatic Loom Works | Fly frame |
JPS5089642A (fr) * | 1973-12-13 | 1975-07-18 |
-
1980
- 1980-06-30 US US06/243,947 patent/US4389840A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1980-06-30 WO PCT/EP1980/000040 patent/WO1981000264A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1980-06-30 AT AT80901456T patent/ATE5781T1/de active
- 1980-06-30 JP JP55501777A patent/JPH0235050B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-06-30 BR BR8008751A patent/BR8008751A/pt unknown
- 1980-06-30 DE DE8080901456T patent/DE3066048D1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-07-07 IN IN785/CAL/80A patent/IN153933B/en unknown
- 1980-07-08 BE BE0/201331A patent/BE884221A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-07-08 ES ES493615A patent/ES493615A0/es active Granted
- 1980-07-09 IE IE1426/80A patent/IE49939B1/en unknown
- 1980-07-09 AU AU60269/80A patent/AU531150B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-07-10 AR AR281705A patent/AR222234A1/es active
- 1980-07-10 IT IT23374/80A patent/IT1131953B/it active
-
1981
- 1981-02-09 EP EP80901456A patent/EP0031844B1/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AR222234A1 (es) | 1981-04-30 |
ATE5781T1 (de) | 1984-01-15 |
IT8023374A0 (it) | 1980-07-10 |
BR8008751A (pt) | 1981-05-05 |
ES8105409A1 (es) | 1981-06-01 |
DE3066048D1 (en) | 1984-02-09 |
IT1131953B (it) | 1986-06-25 |
IN153933B (fr) | 1984-09-01 |
US4389840A (en) | 1983-06-28 |
BE884221A (fr) | 1981-01-08 |
IE801426L (en) | 1981-01-10 |
AU6026980A (en) | 1981-01-15 |
WO1981000264A1 (fr) | 1981-02-05 |
ES493615A0 (es) | 1981-06-01 |
JPS56500884A (fr) | 1981-07-02 |
IE49939B1 (en) | 1986-01-08 |
JPH0235050B2 (fr) | 1990-08-08 |
AU531150B2 (en) | 1983-08-11 |
EP0031844A1 (fr) | 1981-07-15 |
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