EP0024221B1 - Schiffsanker, insbesondere für Grossschiffe - Google Patents

Schiffsanker, insbesondere für Grossschiffe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0024221B1
EP0024221B1 EP80401083A EP80401083A EP0024221B1 EP 0024221 B1 EP0024221 B1 EP 0024221B1 EP 80401083 A EP80401083 A EP 80401083A EP 80401083 A EP80401083 A EP 80401083A EP 0024221 B1 EP0024221 B1 EP 0024221B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchor
coupling device
ploughshare
anchor according
plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80401083A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0024221A1 (de
Inventor
Armand Colin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bpifrance Financement SA
Original Assignee
Agence National de Valorisation de la Recherche ANVAR
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0024221A1 publication Critical patent/EP0024221A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0024221B1 publication Critical patent/EP0024221B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/24—Anchors
    • B63B21/38—Anchors pivoting when in use
    • B63B21/44—Anchors pivoting when in use with two or more flukes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a marine anchor, in particular for large tonnage ships, of the type comprising a coupling device which comprises at least one rod, and a balance which is articulated in the vicinity of one end of the coupling device around an axis perpendicular to a longitudinal plane of symmetry of the anchor and which has two branches constituting the arms of the anchor and extending on either side of the coupling device.
  • An anchor of this type is known, called the Porter anchor, which comprises a straight rod extended by a yoke in which the pendulum is articulated.
  • This anchor was designed to overcome certain disadvantages of ordinary jas anchors, one of which was that the anchor line tended to wrap around the arm of the anchor protruding above the bottom when the ship revolved around its anchor, which could cause the heaving of the latter, and the other that this protruding arm could burst the hull in the case of boats of small drafts moored by shallow depths.
  • the balance of the Porter anchor is arranged so that, when one of the arms is engaged in the bottom, the other arm is folded down along the rod which, in principle, makes it possible to avoid these dangers .
  • Patent FR-A-2 366 987 describes, on the other hand, two anchors and an anchoring system making it possible to use these anchors separately or in combination to obtain maximum efficiency in all the possible varieties of land considered on the surface and in thickness.
  • One of these anchors has an anchoring element of the “plowshare” type comprising a rod articulated to a pyramidal angular surface forming dihedral angles with closed point, this pyramidal surface being able to be provided with fins.
  • This anchor is suitable for soft to very hard ground while the other anchor, with an anchoring element of the “curtain” type, is suitable for soft and very soft ground.
  • the effective use of the anchors described in the aforementioned French patent is linked to the knowledge of the nature of the ground in which they must penetrate.
  • this requirement does not constitute an obstacle in the case of floating devices such as, for example, drilling platforms, dredges, wharves, fast current river crossing installations, etc., for which the mooring site is always studied beforehand, this is not the case for large vessels which cannot benefit from long preliminary field studies.
  • the anchors mentioned above are so-called "positioning anchors which act only on one side of the grip, and are therefore non-reversible, and which must be placed on the bottom in the correct position. This is ensured by an auxiliary vessel in the case of the aforementioned floating devices but is not suitable for vessels which may need to anchor quickly while they have a certain speed.
  • the invention aims to provide a versatile anchor which satisfies the above requirements to the greatest extent possible.
  • each arm carries at its free end a share which the converging end part is oriented on the side of the other end of the coupling device , the convex faces of the two plowshares carried by the balance being arranged opposite one another.
  • said plowshares comprise, in a manner known per se, dihedrons having a profile in the form of a pyramid having an edge and a face opposite to it, and each two fins extending outwards with respect to the lateral faces of the dihedral, in a common plane perpendicular to the bisector plane of the dihedral, in that this anchor comprises stop means defining two extreme positions between which the pendulum can oscillate and in that the coulters are fixed on the arms according to a relative arrangement such that, in each of said extreme positions, considered in said longitudinal plane of symmetry, one of the coulters is separated from the coupling device and on its face opposite to its edge which diverges with respect to the latter in considering a direction from said coupling device towards said share, while the converging end part of the other share is placed in the immediate vicinity of the coupling device and that the .face of said other coulter opposite its edge converges towards the coupling device considering a direction from said coulter towards the coup
  • the angle between the plane of the blades of the share adjacent to the coupling device and a median plane of the coupling device containing the articulation axis is greater than the angle between the plane fins of the other ploughshare with this median plane, in said extreme positions.
  • said anchor comprises at least two pendulums which are joined to the coupling device by a connecting device and whose articulation axes are aligned.
  • the anchor shown comprises a coupling device A, constituted by a straight rod 1, and a balance 2 which are symmetrical with respect to a common longitudinal plane.
  • the pendulum 2 is articulated around an articulation axis 4 perpendicular to the plane of symmetry in a yoke 3 disposed at one end of the rod 1.
  • the pendulum 2 is preferably of arcuate shape and has its concavity directed towards the side of the rod 1.
  • This balance has two equal branches 5a and 5b constituting the arms of the anchor and each ending in a substantially straight portion 6a, 6b making an elbow towards the inside of the concavity of the balance 2 with respect to the adjacent curved part of the arm.
  • Each of the arms 5a and 5b carries a share 7a and 7b respectively constituted by a dihedron having in profile a shape of a pyramid.
  • the convex faces of the plowshares 7a and 7b are turned towards each other and each of the arms extends towards the interior of the concavity of the dihedral of the corresponding ploughshare through a slot 8 formed along the edge 9 dihedral.
  • the rectilinear part 6a, 6b of the arms extends inside the concavity of the corresponding share along the edge 9 of the latter and its free end G protrudes beyond the front edge of the share so to form a claw for taking rock.
  • This straight part 6a, 6b of the arm is fixed to the lateral faces 10 of the dihedral by any suitable means, for example by welding.
  • the dihedral can be stiffened by reinforcements.
  • the lateral faces 10 of the ploughshare are extended towards the outside by fins 11 arranged in a common plane perpendicular to the bisector plane of the dihedral, this bisector plane constituting the common plane of symmetry for the rod, the pendulum and the plowshares.
  • the edge 9 is inclined on the plane fins 11 with an angle ⁇ of between approximately 10 ° and 45 °, and preferably between 20 ° and 35 °, from the rear edge of the dihedral to the front edge adjacent to the end G forming a claw.
  • the lateral faces 10 of the dihedral make an angle p between them, preferably equal to approximately 90 °.
  • the converging end 12 of the share can be either closed, as shown in the drawings, or truncated.
  • the rod 1 has in the plane of symmetry S of the anchor two opposite edges 13 and 14 which are preferably bevelled as shown in the section of FIG. 1A.
  • the corresponding edges of the yoke 3 are also bevelled, as well as the internal edge 15 of the balance 2 which is oriented towards the side of its concavity, as appears on the section of FIG. 1 B.
  • the anchor of Figs. 1 and 2 is completed by a jas 16 which passes through an orifice 17 of the rod 1.
  • the presence of this jas is necessary in the case of an anchor with a single rod to ensure the cabanage.
  • a hole 18 is provided at the free end of the rod 1 to allow the member of a wetting line to be fixed there.
  • the pendulum 2 can oscillate around the axis 4 between two extreme positions which are determined by the abutment, on the one hand of the internal edge 15 of the arms 5a and 5b respectively against edges of the front edge 19 and 20 of the yoke 3 and, on the other hand, of the claw G of the arms 5a and 5b against the edges 14 and 13 respectively of the rod 1.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show one of these extreme positions where it is the arm 5 b which is in abutment.
  • this relative arrangement of the coulters is preferably such that, in the two extreme positions of the balance, the angle 8 formed by the plane of the fins 11 of the share adjacent to the rod with the median plane S 2 -S 2 of the rod containing the axis of articulation 4 is greater than the angle ⁇ p made by the plane of the fins 11 of the other ploughshare with the plane S z -S z .
  • the angle 0 can be between approximately 35 ° and 50 ° and is preferably equal to 40 ° and the angle ⁇ can be between approximately 10 and 20 ° and is preferably equal to 12 °.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows an anchor which is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal plane of trace S 1 -S 1 and which comprises two yards 101 fixed parallel to each other in the vicinity of each of their ends and each carrying an identical balance and plowshares to those just described, the axes of articulation of the two pendulums being aligned.
  • the yokes arranged at the ends of the two yards 101 are rigidly connected to each other by a connecting device constituted by a straight cross member 121, while these yards are joined at their other end by a piece 122 in the form fork which forms with the rods the coupling device A of the anchor.
  • An axis 123 extends between the yards 101 and carries a flap 124 which can tilt, between the branches of the fork 122, between two extreme positions limited by stops not shown in the drawing. In operation, this component does not directly have the role of increasing the holding force, but it does so indirectly by delaying the moment when the yards 101 are raised by reaction from the ground in which they are buried on the cable or the chain of the mooring line.
  • FIG. 4 shows another alternative embodiment where the reference numbers of FIGS. 1 and 2 have been increased by the number 200 to designate similar parts.
  • This anchor differs essentially from that of FIG. 3 by the fact that it comprises three yards 201 each carrying a balance and plowshares identical to those described with regard to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the yokes of the three yards are joined together by a cross member 221 and the yards are joined at their other end by a fork with three branches 222 completing the coupling device A of the anchor.
  • Flaps 224 playing the same role as flap 124 are articulated between the pairs of adjacent branches of the fork 222.
  • the section of FIG. shows in more detail an embodiment of a three-yard anchor of the type shown in FIG. 4, it being understood that, in number of yards and pendulums, the description below is also valid for the anchor of FIG. 3.
  • the straight beam 221 has a concave shape, its concavity being turned towards the side of the yards 201, so as to form an additional retaining surface.
  • the longitudinal edges of the crosspiece 221 are preferably constituted by sharp attack lips 225 to facilitate the penetration of the beam into the ground.
  • the rods in the case of an anchor with several pendulums, it is not necessary for the rods to be parallel: they can extend obliquely from the yokes and then merge with the branches of the piece in the form of fork.
  • the yards of the coupling device can be fixed directly to the cross member, and not to the yokes, and the number of yards may be different from that of the pendulums.
  • the connection device between the screeds is not limited to a straight crossmember but can take any suitable shape capable of ensuring a rigid mounting of the yokes such that the articulation axes of the pendulums are parallel or aligned.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate the operation of the anchor according to the invention. It will be assumed that this is the anchor with two yards and two pairs of plowshares in Fig. 3, noting however that the operation of the three-yard anchor of FIG. 4 would be absolutely identical.
  • these two anchors have an intrinsic stability, due to the importance of the width 1 of their wingspan relative to their length L, which means that, even if these anchors are placed sideways on the bottom, they tend to switch to the hanging position shown in Figs. 3 and 4 when they are subjected to traction.
  • this lateral stability is ensured by the jas 16; the anchor is then placed on the bottom by three points, namely the end of the rod 1 connected to the mooring line (not shown), one of the ends of the jas 16 and one of the coulters 7a and 7 b .
  • the angle y has a value lower than that which it had at the start of the burial phase (Fig. 6) and equal to the angle ⁇ , this value being however sufficient to keep the anchor buried at against the upward reaction of the ground on this anchor, which results from the traction due to the mooring line.
  • the anchor according to the invention then provides very good resistance which, at equal mass, is however improved compared to that of these conventional anchors thanks to the additional resistance provided by the surface of the fins 111
  • Another advantage of these fins is that, if the limit strength of the metal of which they are made is reached, they deform without the loose anchor taken, so that it continues to slow down the movement of the ship.
  • a conventional anchor either it may drop, or the mooring line may break.
  • the latter may break.
  • this characteristic of elasticity of the whole anchor-anchor line is further increased by the fact that, in the limiting case mentioned above, the faces 10 of the dihedral tend to close towards one another, either elastically without permanent deformation, or beyond the elastic limit of the metal with permanent deformation, which in both cases absorbs part of the tensile force exerted by the wetting line while maintaining the grip of the 'anchor.
  • the anchor If the anchor is working in softer ground, it continues to sink until the other ploughshare 107 b also begins to enter the ground. If the ground is very soft, the anchor can bury itself completely in the ground as shown in Fig. 7. It then manifests its advantage over the other anchors of the prior art in that, to the tensile strength offered by the convex face of the lower ploughshare 107a and by the concave face of the cross member 121, the resistance due to the concave face of the upper share 107 b , which works with respect to the horizontal at an angle 8 greater than y, and equal to 9 when the rod is horizontal.
  • the active surfaces of the ploughshare 107a, the beam 121 and the share 107 b successively involved in procuring, not a single working angle but a set of angular arrangements arranged to promote the penetration capabilities, anchoring and holding the anchor.
  • the anchor ensures an almost constant anchoring force whatever the nature of the terrain encountered, in which it differs considerably from conventional multipurpose anchors which in fact have characteristics of behavior very variable according to the nature of the grounds.
  • the anchor according to the invention is particularly suitable for large tonnage ships, its application is obviously not limited to this type of vessels.

Claims (11)

1. Schiffsanker mit einem Zugteil, der wenigstens einen Schaft (1) aufweist und mit wenigstens einem Schwenkhebel (2), der im Endbereich des Zugteils um eine senkrecht zur Symmetrielängsebene des Ankers verlaufende Achse herum gelenkig befestigt ist und dessen zwei Arme (5a, 5b ; 105a, 105b) an seinem freien Ende eine Pflugschar (7a, 7b ; 107a, 107b ; 207a, 207b) trägt, deren konvergierender Endbereich in Richtung des anderen Endes des Zugteils (1, 101, 201) weist, wobei die konvexen Flächen der beiden an dem Schwinghebel (2) befestigten Pflugscharen aufeinander zu gerichtet sind.
2. Anker nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in für sich bekannter Weise die Pflugscharen (7a, 7b ; 107a, 107b ; 207a, 207b) einen Flächenwinkel aufweisen, der ein pyramidenförmiges Profil mit einem Grat und einer gegenüberliegenden Fläche darstellen, sowie jeweils zwei Flügel (11, 111) aufweisen, die von den Seitenflächen (10) des Flächenwinkels aus in einer gemeinsamen und senkrecht zu dessen halbierender Ebene liegenden Ebene sich nach außen erstrecken, daß ferner Anschlagteile (1, 19, 20 ; 101, 119, 120) vorgesehen sind, dei zwei Extremlagen begrenzen, zwischen denen der Schwenkhebel (2 ; 102, 202) verschwenkt werden kann, und daß die Pflugscharen in derart relativer Lage an den Armen (5a, 5b ; 105a, 105b) befestigt sind, daß in der einen der gennanten Extremiagen in der erwähnten Längssymmetrieebene gesehen, die eine Pflugschar vom Zugteil entfernt ist, wobei die dem Grat (9, 109) gegenüberliegende Fläche gegenüber dem Zugteil in Richtung vom Zugteil zu dieser Pflugschar gesehen divergiert, wogegen der konvergierende Endteil der anderen Pflugschar sich unmittelbar am Zugteil befindet, wobei die dem Grat dieser anderen Pflugschar gegenüberliegende Fläche in Richtung von der Pflugschar zum Zugteil gesehen gegenüber dem Zugteil (1, 101, 102) konvergiert.
3. Anker nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den gennanten Extremlagen der Winkel (8) zwischen der Ebene der Flügel (11, 111) der in der Nachbarschaft des Zugteils befindlichen Flugschar (7a, 7b ; 107a, 107b ; 207a, 207b) und einer Mittenebene des Zugteils (1, 101 ; 201), die die Schwenkachse (4) enthält, größer ist als der Winkel (ϕ) zwischen der Ebene der Flügel (11 ; 111) der anderen Pflugschar und dieser Mittenebene.
4. Anker nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der gennante erste Winkel (6) etwa zwischen 35° und 50° liegt und vorzugsweise 40° beträgt, und daß der genannte zweite Winkel (ϕ) etwa zwischen 10° und 20° liegt und vorzugsweise 12° beträgt.
5. Anker nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schwenkhebel (2) in einer Gabel (3) gelagert ist, und daß zu den gennanten Anschlagelementen zwei Grate (19, 20 ; 119, 120) einer Innenkante der Gabel gehören, und daß einer der Arme (5a) so ausgebildet ist, daß er in der einen der Extremlagen mit seinem Innenrand gegen den einen der Grate zur Anlage kommt, wogegen der andere Arm (5b) so ausgebildet ist, daß er in der anderen Extremlage mit seinem Innenrand (15) gegen den anderen der Grate zur Anlage kommt.
6. Anker nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Arme (5a, 5b ; 105a, 105b) sich durch einen Schlitz (8) hindurch erstrecken, der längs des Grates (9, 109) der Flächenwinkel verlauft und einen geradlinigen Teil (6a, 6b) aufweisen, der längs des Grates im Inneren des Flächenwinkels befestigt ist.
7. Anker nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der geradlinige Teil (6a, 6b) der Arme über den konvergierenden Endbereich (12) der Pflugscharen hinausragt und eine Kralle zum Festhaken an felsigem Untergrund bildet.
8. Anker nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er wenigstens zwei Schwenkhebel aufweist, die am Zugteil (A) durch ein Verbindungselement (121 ; 221) miteinander verbunden sind und deren Schwenkachsen (204) miteinander fluchten.
9. Anker nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verbindungselement eine geradlinige im Querschnitt konkave Traverse (121, 221) ist, deren konkave Seite zum Zugteil hin gerichtet ist.
10. Anker nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Längskanten (225) der Traverse scharfkantige Ränder bilden.
11. Anker nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zugteil ein mehrzinkiges, gabelförmiges Stück (122 ; 222) aufweist, und daß zwischen zwei benachbarten Gabelzinken jeweils eine schwenkbare Klappe (124, 224) angebracht ist.
EP80401083A 1979-08-07 1980-07-22 Schiffsanker, insbesondere für Grossschiffe Expired EP0024221B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7920214 1979-08-07
FR7920214A FR2463047A1 (fr) 1979-08-07 1979-08-07 Ancre de marine, notamment pour navires de gros tonnages

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0024221A1 EP0024221A1 (de) 1981-02-25
EP0024221B1 true EP0024221B1 (de) 1984-02-08

Family

ID=9228691

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80401083A Expired EP0024221B1 (de) 1979-08-07 1980-07-22 Schiffsanker, insbesondere für Grossschiffe

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4397257A (de)
EP (1) EP0024221B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5650885A (de)
DE (1) DE3066495D1 (de)
ES (1) ES260314Y (de)
FR (1) FR2463047A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2519310B1 (fr) * 1982-01-05 1987-03-20 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif d'ancrage
US5743207A (en) * 1997-03-12 1998-04-28 International Design Systems Company Anchoring apparatus and method of anchoring
FI113959B (fi) 2003-01-30 2004-07-15 Pentti Saarelainen Sovitelma ankkurin yhteydessä
ES2607334T3 (es) 2012-05-02 2017-03-30 Arif Alpay GÖGÜS Ancla para buques
US20210261221A1 (en) * 2020-02-21 2021-08-26 Tornado Anchors, LLC Anchor device and method

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE242975C (de) *
US957621A (en) * 1909-06-24 1910-05-10 John Walker Neal Anchor.
GB331084A (en) * 1929-06-15 1930-06-26 Frederick Udney Baxter Improvements in stockless anchors
US2200695A (en) * 1938-12-08 1940-05-14 Paul F Kaut Anchor
US2245807A (en) * 1939-11-10 1941-06-17 William H Oehrle Marine anchor
GB608801A (en) * 1946-03-01 1948-09-21 Hingley & Sons Ltd N Improvements in the production of anchors
US2593111A (en) * 1947-12-13 1952-04-15 Garrett Corp Anchor
GB1372596A (en) * 1971-02-08 1974-10-30 Hedman J G Anchor
FR2231561A1 (en) * 1973-06-04 1974-12-27 Colin Armand Anchor with flukes shaped into a double ploughshare - flukes have a V-section which ends in V-shaped tip
FR2366987A1 (fr) * 1976-10-06 1978-05-05 Colin Armand Systeme d'ancres modulaire

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4397257A (en) 1983-08-09
JPS5650885A (en) 1981-05-08
EP0024221A1 (de) 1981-02-25
ES260314U (es) 1984-10-01
FR2463047A1 (fr) 1981-02-20
FR2463047B1 (de) 1983-04-01
DE3066495D1 (en) 1984-03-15
ES260314Y (es) 1985-04-01

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