EP0024221A1 - Schiffsanker, insbesondere für Grossschiffe - Google Patents

Schiffsanker, insbesondere für Grossschiffe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0024221A1
EP0024221A1 EP80401083A EP80401083A EP0024221A1 EP 0024221 A1 EP0024221 A1 EP 0024221A1 EP 80401083 A EP80401083 A EP 80401083A EP 80401083 A EP80401083 A EP 80401083A EP 0024221 A1 EP0024221 A1 EP 0024221A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchor
coupling device
anchor according
share
arms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80401083A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0024221B1 (de
Inventor
Armand Colin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bpifrance Financement SA
Original Assignee
Agence National de Valorisation de la Recherche ANVAR
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0024221A1 publication Critical patent/EP0024221A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0024221B1 publication Critical patent/EP0024221B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/24—Anchors
    • B63B21/38—Anchors pivoting when in use
    • B63B21/44—Anchors pivoting when in use with two or more flukes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a marine anchor, in particular for large tonnage ships, of the type comprising a coupling device which comprises at least one rod, and a balance which is articulated in the vicinity of one end of the coupling device around an axis perpendicular to a longitudinal plane of symmetry of the anchor and which has two branches constituting the arms of the anchor and extending on either side of the coupling device.
  • An anchor of this type is known, known as the Porter anchor, which comprises a straight rod extended by a yoke in which the pendulum is articulated.
  • This anchor was designed to overcome certain disadvantages of ordinary jas anchors, one of which was that the anchor line tended to wrap around the arm of the anchor protruding above the bottom when the ship revolved around its anchor, which could cause the heaving of the latter, and the other that this protruding arm could burst the hull in the case of boats of small draft anchored by shallow depths.
  • the balance of the Porter anchor is arranged so that, when one of the arms is engaged in the bottom, the other arm is folded down along the rod which, in principle, makes it possible to avoid these dangers .
  • French patent n ° 76 30 I35 describes, on the other hand, two anchors and an anchoring system making it possible to use these anchors separately or in combination to obtain maximum efficiency in all possible varieties of land considered on the surface and in thickness.
  • One of these anchors with an anchor element of the "plowshare” type, is suitable for soft to very hard ground while the other, with anchor elements of the "curtain” type, is suitable for soft and very hard ground. soft.
  • the effective use of the anchors described in the aforementioned French patent is linked to the knowledge of the nature of the ground in which they must penetrate.
  • this requirement does not constitute an obstacle in the case of floating devices such as, for example, drilling platforms, dredges, wharves, installations for crossing fast-flowing rivers, etc., for which the mooring site is always studied beforehand, this n 'is not the case for large vessels which cannot benefit from long preliminary field studies.
  • the anchors mentioned above are so-called "positioning" anchors which act only on one side of the grip, and are therefore non-reversible, and which must be placed on the bottom in the correct position. This is ensured by an auxiliary vessel in the case of the aforementioned floating devices but is not suitable for vessels which may need to anchor quickly when they have a certain speed.
  • the invention aims to provide a versatile anchor which satisfies the above requirements to the greatest extent possible.
  • each arm carries at its free end a share which the converging end part is oriented on the side of the other end of the coupling device , the convex faces of the two plowshares being arranged opposite one another.
  • said anchor comprises stop means defining two extreme positions between which the pendulum can oscillate and the coulters are fixed on the arms in a relative arrangement such that, in each of said extreme positions, considered in said plane of longitudinal symmetry, one of the coulters is separated from the coupling device and has its face opposite to its edge which diverges with respect thereto, while the end part converges from the other share is placed close immediately of the coupling device and that the face of said other share which is opposite its edge converges towards the coupling device.
  • the angle ⁇ made by the face of the share adjacent to the coupling device with a median plane of the coupling device containing the articulation axis is greater than the angle made by the opposite the other ploughshare with this median plane.
  • said anchor comprises at least two pendulums joined to it to the coupling device by a connection device and whose articulation axes are aligned.
  • the anchor shown comprises a coupling device A, constituted by a straight rod 1, and a balance 2 which are symmetrical with respect to a common longitudinal plane.
  • the pendulum 2 is articulated around an articulation axis 4 perpendicular to the plane of symmetry in a yoke 3 disposed at one end of the rod 1.
  • the pendulum 2 is preferably of arcuate shape and has its concavity directed towards the side of the rod 1.
  • This balance has two equal branches 5a and 5b constituting the arms of the anchor and each ending in a substantially straight portion 6a, 6b making an elbow towards the inside of the concavity of the balance 2 with respect to the adjacent curved part of the arm.
  • Each of the arms 5a and 5b carries a plow 7 a and 7 b, respectively consisting of a dihedral profile having a pyramid shape.
  • the convex faces of the plowshares 7a and 7b are turned towards each other and each of the arm extends towards the inside of the concavity of the dihedron of the corresponding ploughshare through a slot 8 formed along the edge 9 of the dihedron.
  • the rectilinear part 6 a, 6 b of the arms extends inside the convacity of the corresponding share along the edge 9 of the latter and its free end G protrudes beyond the front edge of the share so as to form a claw for taking rock.
  • This rectilinear part 6 a , 6 b of the arm is fixed to the lateral faces 10 of the dihedral by any suitable means, for example by welding.
  • the dihedral can be stiffened by reinforcements.
  • the lateral faces 10 of the ploughshare are extended towards the outside by fins 11 arranged in a common plane perpendicular to the bisector plane of the dihedral, this bisector plane constituting the common plane of symmetry for the rod, the pendulum and the plowshares.
  • the edge 9 is inclined on the plane of the fins 11 with an angled ⁇ of between approximately 10 ° and 45 °, and preferably between 20 ° and 35 °, from the rear edge of the dihedral to the front edge adjacent to the end G forming a claw.
  • the lateral faces 10 of the dihedral make between them an angle ⁇ preferably equal to about 90 °.
  • the converging end 12 of the share can be either closed, as shown in the drawings, or truncated. ;
  • the rod 1 has in the plane of symmetry S of the anchor two opposite edges 13 and 14 which are preferably bevelled as shown in the section of FIG. lA ..
  • the corresponding edges of the yoke 3 are also bevelled, as well as the internal edge 15 of the balance 2 which is oriented towards the side of its concavity., as can be seen in the section of FIG. 1B.
  • the anchor of Figs. l and 2 is completed by a jas 16 which passes through an orifice 17 of the rod 1.
  • the presence of this jas is necessary in the case of an anchor with a single rod to ensure the cabanage.
  • a hole 18 is provided at the free end of the rod 1 to allow the organeaud'une mooring line.
  • the pendulum 2 can oscillate about the axis 4 between two extreme positions which are determined by the coming in abutment on the one hand the inner edge 15 of the arms 5a and 5b respectively against the edges of the front edge 19 and 20 of the yoke 3 and, on the other hand, of the claw G of the arms 5 a and 5 b against the edges 14 and 13 respectively of the rod 1.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show one of these extreme positions where it is the arm 5 b which is in abutment.
  • this relative arrangement of the plowshares is preferably such that, in the two extreme positions of the pendulum, the angle e made by the plane of the fins 11 of the share adjacent to the rod with the median plane S 2 -S 2 of the rod containing the axis of articulation 4 is greater than the angle ⁇ made by the plane of the fins 11 of the other share with the plane S 2 -S 2 .
  • the angle ⁇ can be between 35 ° and 50 ° approximately and is preferably equal to 40 ° and the angle ⁇ can be between 10 and 20 ° approximately and is preferably equal to 12 °.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows an anchor which is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal plane of trace S 1 -S 1 and which comprises two yards 101 fixed parallel to each other in the vicinity of each of their ends and each carrying a balance and identical plowshares to those who come to be described, the axes of articulation of the two pendulums being aligned.
  • the yokes arranged at the ends of the two yards 101 are rigidly connected to each other by a connecting device constituted by a straight cross-member 121, while these yards are joined at their other end by a piece 122 in form of fork which forms with the rods the coupling device A of the anchor.
  • An axis 123 extends between the yards 101 and carries a flap 124 which can tilt, between the branches of the fork 122, between two extreme positions limited by stops not shown in the drawing. In operation, this component does not directly have the role of increasing the holding force, but it does so indirectly by delaying the moment when the yards 101 are raised by reaction from the ground in which they are buried on the cable or the chain of the mooring line.
  • FIG. 4 shows another alternative embodiment where the reference numbers of FIGS. 1 and 2 have been increased by the number 200 to designate similar parts.
  • This anchor differs essentially from that of FIG. 3 by the fact that it comprises three yards 201 each carrying a balance and plowshares identical to those described with regard to FIGS. l and 2.
  • the yokes of the three yards are joined together by a cross member 221 and the yards are joined at their other end by a fork with three branches 222 completing the coupling device A of the anchor.
  • Flaps 224 playing the same role as flap 124 are articulated between the pairs of adjacent branches of the fork 222.
  • the section of FIG. 5 shows in more detail an embodiment of an anchor with three yards of the type represented in FIG. 4, it being understood that, apart from the number of yards and pendulums, the description below is also valid for the anchor of Fig. 3,
  • the straight beam 221 has a concave shape, its concavity being turned towards the side of the yards 201, so as to form an additional retaining surface.
  • the edges longitudinal of the crosspiece 221 are preferably constituted by sharp attack lips 225 to facilitate the penetration of the beam into the ground.
  • the rods in the case of an anchor with several pendulums, it is not necessary for the rods to be parallel: they can extend obliquely from the yokes and then merge with the branches of the piece in the form of fork.
  • the yards of the coupling device can be fixed directly to the cross member, and not to the yokes, and the number of yards may be different from that of the pendulums.
  • the connecting device between the yokes is not limited to a straight crossmember but can take any suitable form capable of ensuring a rigid mounting of the yokes such that the articulation axes of the pendulums are parallel or aligned.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate the operation of the anchor according to the invention. It will be assumed that this is the two-yard anchor and two pairs of plowshares in Fig. 3, however, note that the operation of the three-yard anchor in Fig. 4 would be absolutely identical.
  • these two anchors have an intrinsic stability, due to the importance of the width 1 of their wingspan relative to their length L, which means that, even if these anchors are placed sideways on the bottom, they tend to switch to the hanging position shown in Figs. 3 and 4 when they are subjected to traction.
  • this lateral stability is ensured by the jas 16; the anchor is then placed on the bottom by three points, namely the end of the rod 1 connected to the mooring line (not shown), one of the ends of the jas 16 and one of the coulters 7a and 7 b .
  • the angle ⁇ has a value less than that which it had at the start of the burial phase (Fig. 6) and equal to the angle ⁇ , this value being however sufficient to keep the anchor buried at against the upward reaction of the ground on this anchor, which results from the traction due to the mooring line.
  • the anchor according to the invention provides very good resistance which, at equal weight, is however improved compared to that of these conventional anchors thanks to the additional resistance provided by the surface of the fins 111
  • Another advantage of these fins is that, if the limit resistance of the metal of which they are made is reached, they deform without the anchor loose taking, so that it continues to slow the movement of the ship. On the contrary, with a conventional anchor, either this may drop, or the mooring line may break. In addition, in the case of an anchor with shovels, the latter can break.
  • this characteristic of elasticity of the mooring line-anchor is further increased by the fact that, in the limiting case mentioned above, the faces 10 of the dihedral tend to close towards each other, either elastically without permanent deformation, or beyond the elastic limit of the metal with permanent deformation, which in both cases absorbs part of the tensile force exerted by the wetting line while maintaining the grip of the 'anchor.
  • the anchor If the anchor is working in softer ground, it continues to sink until the other ploughshare 107 b also begins to enter the ground. If the ground is very soft, the anchor can bury itself completely in the ground as shown in Fig. 7. It then manifests its advantage over the other anchors of the prior art by the fact that, to the tensile strength offered by the convex face of the lower ploughshare 107a and by the concave face of the cross member 121, the resistance due to the concave face of the upper share 107 b , which works with respect to the horizontal at an angle ⁇ greater than ⁇ , and equal to 6 when the rod is horizontal.
  • the active surfaces of the ploughshare 107a, the beam 121 and the share 107 b successively involved in procuring, not a single working angle but a set of angular arrangements arranged to promote the penetration capabilities, anchoring and holding the anchor.
  • the anchor ensures an almost constant anchoring force whatever the nature of the terrain encountered, in which it differs considerably from conventional multipurpose anchors which in fact have characteristics of behavior very variable according to the nature of the grounds.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
EP80401083A 1979-08-07 1980-07-22 Schiffsanker, insbesondere für Grossschiffe Expired EP0024221B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7920214 1979-08-07
FR7920214A FR2463047A1 (fr) 1979-08-07 1979-08-07 Ancre de marine, notamment pour navires de gros tonnages

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0024221A1 true EP0024221A1 (de) 1981-02-25
EP0024221B1 EP0024221B1 (de) 1984-02-08

Family

ID=9228691

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80401083A Expired EP0024221B1 (de) 1979-08-07 1980-07-22 Schiffsanker, insbesondere für Grossschiffe

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4397257A (de)
EP (1) EP0024221B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5650885A (de)
DE (1) DE3066495D1 (de)
ES (1) ES260314Y (de)
FR (1) FR2463047A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2519310A1 (fr) * 1982-01-05 1983-07-08 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif d'ancrage

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5743207A (en) 1997-03-12 1998-04-28 International Design Systems Company Anchoring apparatus and method of anchoring
FI113959B (fi) 2003-01-30 2004-07-15 Pentti Saarelainen Sovitelma ankkurin yhteydessä
EA026003B1 (ru) 2012-05-02 2017-02-28 Ариф Алпай Гёгюс Якорь для водных судов
US20210261221A1 (en) * 2020-02-21 2021-08-26 Tornado Anchors, LLC Anchor device and method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2200695A (en) * 1938-12-08 1940-05-14 Paul F Kaut Anchor
US2245807A (en) * 1939-11-10 1941-06-17 William H Oehrle Marine anchor
US2593111A (en) * 1947-12-13 1952-04-15 Garrett Corp Anchor
FR2126768A5 (de) * 1971-02-08 1972-10-06 Hedman John
FR2366987A1 (fr) * 1976-10-06 1978-05-05 Colin Armand Systeme d'ancres modulaire

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE242975C (de) *
US957621A (en) * 1909-06-24 1910-05-10 John Walker Neal Anchor.
GB331084A (en) * 1929-06-15 1930-06-26 Frederick Udney Baxter Improvements in stockless anchors
GB608801A (en) * 1946-03-01 1948-09-21 Hingley & Sons Ltd N Improvements in the production of anchors
FR2231561A1 (en) * 1973-06-04 1974-12-27 Colin Armand Anchor with flukes shaped into a double ploughshare - flukes have a V-section which ends in V-shaped tip

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2200695A (en) * 1938-12-08 1940-05-14 Paul F Kaut Anchor
US2245807A (en) * 1939-11-10 1941-06-17 William H Oehrle Marine anchor
US2593111A (en) * 1947-12-13 1952-04-15 Garrett Corp Anchor
FR2126768A5 (de) * 1971-02-08 1972-10-06 Hedman John
FR2366987A1 (fr) * 1976-10-06 1978-05-05 Colin Armand Systeme d'ancres modulaire

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SCHIP EN WERF, Vol. 39, No. 26, 22 Decembre 1972 K.J. SAURWALT: "Stocked anchors holding on an impervious sea bed" pages 588-599 * Page 590, figure 25 * *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2519310A1 (fr) * 1982-01-05 1983-07-08 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif d'ancrage
WO1983002432A1 (en) * 1982-01-05 1983-07-21 Puech, Alain Anchoring device
US4577581A (en) * 1982-01-05 1986-03-25 Societe Nouvelle Construction Metalliques de Provence Anchoring device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3066495D1 (en) 1984-03-15
US4397257A (en) 1983-08-09
ES260314Y (es) 1985-04-01
FR2463047A1 (fr) 1981-02-20
JPS5650885A (en) 1981-05-08
FR2463047B1 (de) 1983-04-01
EP0024221B1 (de) 1984-02-08
ES260314U (es) 1984-10-01

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