EP0014461B1 - Dispositif pour cintrer des tubes métalliques - Google Patents
Dispositif pour cintrer des tubes métalliques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0014461B1 EP0014461B1 EP80100574A EP80100574A EP0014461B1 EP 0014461 B1 EP0014461 B1 EP 0014461B1 EP 80100574 A EP80100574 A EP 80100574A EP 80100574 A EP80100574 A EP 80100574A EP 0014461 B1 EP0014461 B1 EP 0014461B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- segment
- bending device
- pressure member
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 244000089486 Phragmites australis subsp australis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/06—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes in press brakes or between rams and anvils or abutments; Pliers with forming dies
- B21D7/063—Pliers with forming dies
Definitions
- the invention relates to a bending device for metal pipes with une without plastic sheathing, in particular for installation pipes, consisting of a segment of a flat cylinder, on the circumference of which a groove defining the bending radius R 1 of the pipe is arranged and to which an abutment for the tangential mounting of the pipe to the groove and an axis concentric to the cylinder axis for attaching a lever are assigned, which can be pivoted continuously and concentrically about the segment during the bending process by means of the axis and on which a pressure piece with a working surface is arranged on an axis parallel to the segment axis, which in a parallel to the axis-extending plane has an approximately semicircular, concave cross-section with the radius R o .
- GB-A-1384575 discloses a bending device for producing additional curvatures on pipes which have already been bent, the principle of which acts as a kind of kinematic reversal of the principle of action of the bending device described at the outset.
- the pressure piece is arranged stationary, and the cylinder segment with the circumferential groove is - hydraulically driven, pivotable relative to the pressure piece.
- the pressure piece is designed in the manner of a gutter, i.e. H. it runs in a straight line in the pipe direction. This means that no other effects can be achieved than with the object described at the beginning.
- a bending device with a cylinder segment and a circumferential groove is likewise known from US Pat. No. 3,410,125, which can be pivoted about the axis of the cylinder segment with respect to a two-part pressure piece.
- the pressure piece pulls the tube into the circumferential groove.
- the pressure piece is designed to be straight in the longitudinal direction of the tube, since the tube which was initially stretched is pulled out of it.
- no other effect can be achieved than with the object described at the beginning.
- tubes made of soft copper can be easily bent down to a ratio of bending radius R 1 to tube diameter D o of approximately 3: 1.
- this applies to crystallization tubes made of soft copper with external diameters of, for example, 15, 18 or 22 mm and a wall thickness of 1.0 to 1.5 mm.
- the smallest possible bending radius is aimed for, the bending should be free of folds, but in any case without cracks.
- Another criterion is the lowest possible flattening, ie a deviation from the original circular cross-section of the pipe. In general, a flattening of about 10% of the original pipe diameter is considered tolerable.
- the pressure piece or the sliding block adjusts itself essentially to the pipe surface closest to the pressure piece axis in such a way that the surface lines of the working surface run tangentially to the pipe surface. Because of the inevitable friction that is reduced by lubricants but not on can be lifted, the pressure piece tends to tilt about its axis, which increases the contact pressure due to the given geometric conditions, although the distance between the axes of the segment and pressure piece remains unchanged. As a result of the considerable transmission ratio, this process takes place on the edge of self-locking, with considerable tensile forces being exerted on the outer fibers of the tube.
- the prior art also includes a bending device of the type described in the introduction, in which the pressure piece is designed as a roller which represents a negative torus, i. H. the concave surface of revolution of the roller is formed by a half circular arc. It was surprisingly found that this does not significantly improve the conditions either, apparently because the pipe to be bent bears under the influence of the considerable deformation forces on different diameters on the roller surface, so that a noticeable braking effect is also produced thereby.
- the invention has for its object to provide a bending device of the type described above, with which both pipes made of soft copper and hard copper as well as brass and steel pipes with the smallest possible ratio R i : D o reliable, with the least possible flattening and with low power requirements can be bent.
- the working surface of the pressure piece is designed as a toroidal surface, the large radius R 2 of which is between two to ten times the bending radius R 1 of the tube and that the ends of the toroidal surface at the Transition points «A and « B are rounded in the end faces of the pressure piece.
- the design of the work surface as a toroidal surface means in principle that the pressure piece is additionally concave in a plane I-I which is perpendicular to the axes.
- this measure has the consequence that the pressure piece is supported on the pipe only with two substantially semicircular lines, or that the center of the pressure piece, which is in the immediate vicinity of the pressure piece axis, is set back relative to the pipe surface .
- the measure according to the invention in contrast to the deterioration in the conditions to be expected as a result of Hertzian relationships, leads to a significant improvement: for example, pipes made of hard copper, brass and steel with an outer diameter of 18 mm could be readily used be provided with a bending radius between 45 and 65 mm, whereby a hardness saving of around 30% (under otherwise identical transmission ratios) was observed in hard copper compared to soft copper.
- the pipe surface was perfect and showed no wrinkles. No impression was observed at the site of the abutment either.
- the flattening was between 0.8 and 1.2 mm, i.e. H. between about 4.5 and 6.7%. This is significantly less than the limit values of 10% of the pipe diameter specified in the relevant processing guidelines.
- the torus surface when set in relation to the circumference of the segment, extends over an angular range «A» between 40 and 50 degrees, whereby it is advisable to arrange the axis of the pressure piece in its longitudinal direction slightly off-center, so that the ends of the pressure piece interacting with the tube form lever arms of different lengths, the length of which is designated «X and « Y » .
- the length "Y of the lever arm that is furthest away from the segment in the working position can be selected to be about 20 to 40% shorter or longer than the length" X of the other lever arm. If “Y is shorter than” X, the contact pressure of the edge of the pressure piece closest to the segment is slightly less than at the opposite end of the pressure piece, so that the pressure piece slides even more easily on the tube.
- plastic-coated metal pipes in particular steel pipes
- a mechanically highly stressable plastic such as polyamide.
- the plastic with glass fiber inserts or to embed metal inserts, which are preferably oriented in the longitudinal direction of the pressure piece. It is particularly useful to use a plastic that either has good sliding properties by nature or is provided with lubricants.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show a segment 10 in the form of a flat cylinder which is provided with a circumferential groove 11 which has a semicircular cross section which is complementary to the pipe to be bent. When the tube is bent, it lies in the groove 11 so that it determines the bending radius.
- Two flanges 12 and 13 are formed on both sides of the groove 11, the outer diameter of which corresponds to the bending radius R 1 .
- An axis 14 is arranged concentrically to the groove 11 in the segment 10, which is surrounded by two hub parts 15 and 16 which protrude slightly on both sides of the segment 10 beyond its boundary surfaces.
- the segment 10 has arisen in that a smaller part has been removed on one side to form a flat stop surface 17.
- part of the flanges 12 and 13 was additionally removed along a flat surface, but in such a way that the base of the groove 11 remained unaffected.
- a base plate 20 is clamped against the stop surface 17 by means of a screw 19, which on its underside protrudes noticeably beyond the segment 10 and the axis 14 and there has a clamping surface 21 of reduced thickness for clamping the device in a vice.
- the base plate 20 contains a recess 22 which extends over the entire height of the segment 10 and is delimited on one side by an inclined surface 23 which merges approximately tangentially into the base of the groove.
- the recess 22 is provided with an abutment 24, which forms a semicircular cutout 25 with a projection 26.
- the position and shape of the abutment 24 are such that a tube 27 according to FIG. 1 can be inserted into the cutout 25 and into the groove 11 in such a way that it extends tangentially to the groove base and perpendicular to the stop surface 17.
- the point of contact of the tangent lies in a plane E l , which runs parallel to the axis 14 and to the stop surface 17.
- a forked lever 28 can be pushed onto the axis 14 in the radial direction, namely by means of a slot 29 which is adapted to the axis 14.
- the lever 28 has two legs 28a and 28b which encompass the segment 10 and the tube 27. Between the legs 28a and 28b there is also a pressure piece 30 which is pivotable on an axis 31 parallel to the axis 14 and has a working surface 32 which is semicircular in cross section, ie in a plane which is parallel to the axes 14 and 31 is trained.
- the pressure piece or the working surface is additionally concave in a plane perpendicular to the axes 14 and 31, which is designated II in FIG.
- the working surface 32 forms a torus area whose large radius R 2 corresponds to five times the bending radius R 1 .
- the small radius R o of the torus surface corresponds to the radius of the tube 27.
- the center point of the large radius R 2 lies to a considerable extent outside the left edge of the figure in FIG about an axis that lies in its plane and does not intersect it. It goes without saying that even slight deviations from the mathematically exact definition are permissible.
- the working surface 32 is arranged on a long side of the otherwise cuboidal pressure piece 30, the ends of the toroidal surface being well rounded at the transition points A and B into the end faces 33 and 34 .
- the lines of intersection of the torus surface with the end faces 33 and 34 are semi-circles, neglecting the rounding, which correspond to the cross section of the pressure piece 30 along the axis 31.
- the length and arrangement of the pressure piece 30 in the lever 28 are made in accordance with FIG. 1 so that in the starting position the one transition point A lies essentially in the plane E 1 , which runs perpendicular to the tube 27 and radially to the segment axis 14.
- the other transition point B lies in a plane E2, which likewise runs radially to the segment axis 14, but encloses an angle of 45 degrees with the plane E 1 .
- the pressure piece 30, which can also be referred to as a sliding shoe, bears against the (semicircular) transition points A and B on the tube 27 when only a slight force is exerted on the lever 28 in the clockwise direction.
- a handle bar 35 by means of which the lever 28 is lengthened approximately four to five times (not shown).
- a bore 36 is arranged for the axis 31 within the pressure piece 30, which is arranged eccentrically between the two end faces 33 and 34, the distances or lever arms X and Y being formed.
- the appearance of the toroidal work surface 32 which is delimited on both sides by flange sectors 37 and 38, is exaggerated to make it clearer improve.
- FIG. 5 shows a section from FIG. 1.
- the upper part of the segment 10 can be seen with the groove 11 and the stop surface 17 to which the base plate 20 is clamped by means of the screw 19.
- the tube 27 is inserted; to this extent there is complete agreement with FIG. 1.
- a retaining device 40 is arranged on the side of the base plate 20 or the abutment 24 opposite the segment 10. This consists of a pawl 41, the appearance of which is illustrated by FIG. 6.
- the pawl 41 is made of a plate and can be pivoted in a plane that runs parallel to the base plate 20 carrying the abutment 24.
- the clear distance between the base plate 20 and the pawl 41 has the dimension "s". In practice, this dimension can be between half and several pipe diameters.
- the pawl 41 is pivotable about an axis 42 which is formed by a screw 43 which is screwed to the base plate 20. The distance between the base plate and the pawl 41 is maintained by a spacer sleeve 43, the screw connection being made in such a way that the pawl 41 is freely rotatable on the screw 43.
- the axis 42 runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube 27.
- the pawl 41 has a bore 44 for inserting the screw 43, an actuating lever 45 and a pawl nose 46, the inner surface 47 of which extends essentially concentrically to the central axis of the bore 44 and thus to the pivot axis.
- a low eccentricity ensures that an increasing lateral force is exerted on the tube 27 when the actuating lever 45 is pressed down in the direction of the arrow 48. Due to this transverse force, the tube 27 is pressed away from the segment 10 into the cutout 25 of the abutment 24.
- the pawl 41 practically completely prevents both the elastic transverse movement of the tube and the slipping, so that the undulation of the tube is avoided in any case. Due to the spacer sleeve 43 or the distance, the pawl 41 generates a bending moment on the tube 27 which is opposite to the elastic deflection and which holds the tube 27 which holds the tube 27 in the predetermined position in the groove 11. In this way, lateral movement of the tube 27 out of the groove 11 is largely eliminated, so that the flattening of the tube to an oval cross section, which otherwise occurs during bending and is not prevented by the flanges 12 or 13 (FIG. 2), is largely prevented.
- the additional device according to FIGS. 5 and 6 ensures through its interaction with the other parts of the device that the quality of the bent tube is additionally improved.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT80100574T ATE2486T1 (de) | 1979-02-09 | 1980-02-05 | Biegevorrichtung fuer metallrohre. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19792904885 DE2904885A1 (de) | 1979-02-09 | 1979-02-09 | Biegevorrichtung fuer metallrohre |
DE2904885 | 1979-02-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0014461A1 EP0014461A1 (fr) | 1980-08-20 |
EP0014461B1 true EP0014461B1 (fr) | 1983-02-16 |
Family
ID=6062521
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80100574A Expired EP0014461B1 (fr) | 1979-02-09 | 1980-02-05 | Dispositif pour cintrer des tubes métalliques |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4355528A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0014461B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS55136519A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE2486T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE2904885A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4389873A (en) * | 1981-03-11 | 1983-06-28 | Imperial Clevite Inc. | Tube bender construction |
US4532787A (en) * | 1981-03-16 | 1985-08-06 | C.M.L. Costruzioni Meccaniche Liri S.R.L. | Portable electromechanically-controlled pipe-bending apparatus |
US4691555A (en) * | 1984-11-15 | 1987-09-08 | Vaughan Donald R | Tube bending tool |
US4719783A (en) * | 1986-05-08 | 1988-01-19 | Joan G. Frost | Portable pipe bending machine |
IT1224512B (it) * | 1988-07-19 | 1990-10-04 | Liri Costruzioni Mecc | Mini-macchinetta curvatubi portatile a tre velocita' con possibile comando motorizzato o manuale e dispositivo di accoppiamento/disaccoppiamento automatico |
DE9103368U1 (de) * | 1991-03-19 | 1991-06-20 | Hewing GmbH, 4434 Ochtrup | Vorrichtung zum Biegen von Rohren |
US5148695A (en) * | 1991-11-21 | 1992-09-22 | Ellis Harry S | Adjustable pipe and tubing bender |
IT227227Y1 (it) * | 1992-03-12 | 1997-09-16 | Cml Costr Mecc Liri Srl | Contromatrice a gola sagomata per curvatubi con testa di piegatura girevole a matrice a puleggia a gola e contromatrice. |
ES2065821B1 (es) * | 1992-08-28 | 1997-06-16 | Hermanos Arrese Talleres Lasqu | Maquina curvadora de tubos. |
US5694800A (en) * | 1995-01-26 | 1997-12-09 | Ineco Industrial Navarra De Equipos Y Comercio, S.A. | Perfected counterdie for pipe bending machines |
KR0182069B1 (ko) * | 1995-06-22 | 1999-04-01 | 송병준 | 컷팅블레이드의 절곡시스템 |
US7024905B1 (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2006-04-11 | Aaron Carlson | Portable electrical conduit pipe bending system |
JP4515056B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-01 | 2010-07-28 | 三桜工業株式会社 | 管の曲げ加工装置 |
US20050183488A1 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2005-08-25 | Cheng-Chung Chen | Plate and tube bending device |
US7162905B1 (en) | 2005-04-20 | 2007-01-16 | Mckay Acquisition, Inc. | Pipe bending pressure die with reversible exit block |
PE20110235A1 (es) | 2006-05-04 | 2011-04-14 | Boehringer Ingelheim Int | Combinaciones farmaceuticas que comprenden linagliptina y metmorfina |
WO2008051162A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-26 | 2008-05-02 | Kapman Ab | Outil pour cintrer des tuyaux et gabarit destiné à être utilisé dans un tel outil |
US20080190164A1 (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-08-14 | Boon Christopher J | Tube bending apparatus |
JP2008281263A (ja) * | 2007-05-09 | 2008-11-20 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | 熱交換器 |
ATE535323T1 (de) * | 2008-10-17 | 2011-12-15 | Wafios Ag | Stützbackenanordnung zum gleitenden seitlichen abstützen von stab- und rohrförmigen werkstücken an biegemaschinen |
DE102011116636B4 (de) * | 2011-10-20 | 2017-05-04 | Audi Ag | Rohrbiegevorrichtung |
CN102601183A (zh) * | 2012-03-19 | 2012-07-25 | 昆山长运电子工业有限公司 | 多角度多直径工件折弯装置 |
ITRM20120620A1 (it) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-07 | Libero Angelo Massaro | Contromatrice ad inserti, per macchine di curvatura di tubi metallici. |
CN103878215A (zh) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | 漳州市昌龙汽车附件有限公司 | 一种简易电动弯管机 |
NL2014431B1 (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2016-10-13 | Arie Hogerwerf Pieter | Device for bending pipes. |
CN107147040B (zh) * | 2017-04-05 | 2018-09-18 | 国网浙江嘉善县供电公司 | 一种引线制作台的弯线机构 |
CN107913927B (zh) * | 2017-09-18 | 2024-05-03 | 浙江长兴和良智能装备有限公司 | 一种弯管机 |
TWI633948B (zh) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-09-01 | 鄭捷宇 | 彎折裝置 |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR503326A (fr) * | 1918-08-08 | 1920-06-08 | Auto Motive And Accessory Cio | Perfectionnements aux engrenages à denture interne |
DE462237C (de) * | 1925-12-24 | 1928-07-06 | Nieuport Astra Sa | Kuehler fuer Flugzeuge aus hohlen, die Tragflaeche bildenden Wandungen |
US1662131A (en) * | 1927-01-05 | 1928-03-13 | Schonfield Leslie | Tube and like bending machine |
US1859406A (en) * | 1931-02-20 | 1932-05-24 | Meighan George William | Pipe and conduit bender |
DE610559C (de) * | 1932-04-06 | 1935-03-12 | Asmus & Lorenz | Vorrichtung zum Biegen von Rohren aus weichen Metallen |
US2171907A (en) * | 1936-08-05 | 1939-09-05 | Imp Brass Mfg Co | Tube bender |
CH204566A (de) * | 1938-08-31 | 1939-05-15 | Vollmerhaus Ewald | Kette aus gelenkig miteinander verbundenen Druckstücken an Rohrbiegemaschinen. |
US2464800A (en) * | 1944-07-15 | 1949-03-22 | Imp Brass Mfg Co | Portable tube bending tool |
US2654279A (en) * | 1950-04-19 | 1953-10-06 | Tomarin Marcus | Tube bending hand tool with a rocking pressure member |
US2695538A (en) * | 1951-03-19 | 1954-11-30 | Tal Bender Inc | Ratchet and pawl actuated lightweight tube benders |
US2757562A (en) * | 1953-05-01 | 1956-08-07 | Imp Brass Mfg Co | Portable, hand operated, tube bending tool |
US2820504A (en) * | 1955-10-21 | 1958-01-21 | Henderson Robert Halsey | Pipe or conduit benders |
DE1201662B (de) * | 1960-08-11 | 1965-09-23 | David Kotthaus A G | Rohrbiegewerkzeug |
US3380283A (en) * | 1965-01-11 | 1968-04-30 | Parker Hannifin Corp | Tube bending tool |
US3410125A (en) * | 1967-02-02 | 1968-11-12 | Pines Engineering Co Inc | Tubular stock bending machine |
GB1384575A (en) * | 1972-08-09 | 1975-02-19 | Musson I M | Tube bending apparatus |
US4132100A (en) * | 1976-04-07 | 1979-01-02 | Schuler Jacob P | Hand-operated tool for bending pipes |
SU615989A1 (ru) * | 1976-08-10 | 1978-07-25 | Timoshinskij Gennadij N | Роликоопора к трубогибочному станку |
DE2835405C3 (de) * | 1978-08-12 | 1982-06-24 | DAKO-Werkzeugfabriken David Kotthaus GmbH & Co KG, 5630 Remscheid | Handhebelrohrbieger |
-
1979
- 1979-02-09 DE DE19792904885 patent/DE2904885A1/de active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-02-05 EP EP80100574A patent/EP0014461B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1980-02-05 AT AT80100574T patent/ATE2486T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-02-08 JP JP1374080A patent/JPS55136519A/ja active Granted
- 1980-02-21 US US06/123,324 patent/US4355528A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4355528A (en) | 1982-10-26 |
ATE2486T1 (de) | 1983-03-15 |
DE2904885C2 (fr) | 1992-10-22 |
EP0014461A1 (fr) | 1980-08-20 |
DE2904885A1 (de) | 1980-08-14 |
JPS55136519A (en) | 1980-10-24 |
JPH0130567B2 (fr) | 1989-06-21 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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