EP0012724B1 - Procédé mécanisé d'estimation de la qualité d'impression d'un produit imprimé ainsi que dispositf pour sa mise en oeuvre - Google Patents
Procédé mécanisé d'estimation de la qualité d'impression d'un produit imprimé ainsi que dispositf pour sa mise en oeuvre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0012724B1 EP0012724B1 EP79810178A EP79810178A EP0012724B1 EP 0012724 B1 EP0012724 B1 EP 0012724B1 EP 79810178 A EP79810178 A EP 79810178A EP 79810178 A EP79810178 A EP 79810178A EP 0012724 B1 EP0012724 B1 EP 0012724B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dot
- image
- values
- stage
- differential values
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 33
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
- B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
- G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
- G07D7/202—Testing patterns thereon using pattern matching
- G07D7/206—Matching template patterns
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the mechanical assessment of the print quality of a printed product by point-by-point comparison of the test specimen to be assessed with a template, with the formation of the difference values between the reflectance values of the individual pixels of the test specimen obtained by point-by-point photoelectric scanning and the reflectance values of the pixels of the template corresponding to the specimen pixels Processing and evaluation of the difference values obtained in this way according to certain criteria, and a device for carrying them out.
- DE-A-26 20 611 states that the minimum threshold should not be the same over the entire image area, but locally, e.g. just in the area of a watermark, could also be chosen higher. Although this procedure already gives very good results, i.e. a relatively low frequency of incorrect assessments has shown that these measures are not always sufficient.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of improving a method and a device of the type defined at the outset in such a way that it works more reliably and leads to fewer incorrect assessments of the test specimen. According to the invention, this is achieved by the measures specified in claim 1 and in claim 12.
- the device shown is identical except for the parts with dashed lines with the device described in DE-A-26 20 767, DE-A-26 20 765 and DE-A-2620611 and comprises four devices 1, 2, 3 and 4 for pointwise Photoelectric scanning of the test specimen and three partial image templates, three shift levels 5, 6 and 7 to take account of and compensate for the register deviations (relative positions) between the test specimen and the individual templates, a combination level 8 for electronically combining the image contents of the three templates, a subtraction level 9, in which the Differences in the reflectance values of corresponding pixels from the test object and combined templates are formed, a tint correction stage 10, a minimum threshold correction stage 11, an error evaluation stage 12 working according to the error mountain method described in DE-A-26 20 611 and a decision stage 13 which, depending on the evaluation of the test object generate a "good" or "bad” signal ugt.
- the device comprises a relative position determination stage 17, an (electronic) switch 14, a multiplier 15 and an error statistics stage 16, which in turn has a memory 101, a shift stage 102, a data switch 103, two accumulators 104 and 105, two correction stages 106 and 107, two averaging and reciprocal value formers 108 and 109, two weighting factor memories 110 and 111, a second data switch 112, a further displacement stage 113 and a sign detector 114.
- Very high quality printed products e.g. Banknotes and other securities are usually produced in several passes using different printing technologies (gravure, letterpress, offset printing).
- different printing technologies gravure, letterpress, offset printing
- the use proposed in DE-A-26 20 767 permits a plurality of sub-templates, the image content of which only corresponds to the image content of the printed product generated with one of the different printing technologies, for a more precise examination.
- test object and the template are known in relation to any fixed coordinate system (usually the scanning pattern of the test object).
- any fixed coordinate system usually the scanning pattern of the test object.
- the remission values of the three sub-templates that have been shifted or corrected in this way are then linked to one another in combination stage 8 by simple multiplication and then result in the overall template, which is compared in stage 9 with the respective test item point by point.
- the reflectance value differences .DELTA.I i generated by comparison stage 9 form a difference image of the test object compared to the composite template.
- These reflectance value differences ⁇ I i are first subjected to a tint correction in stage 10, an average value being formed from the difference values of a certain surrounding area of each pixel and subtracted from the difference value of the respective pixel. This tint correction is intended to avoid incorrect assessments due to minor tint deviations of the test specimen.
- the difference values corrected in this way then arrive via the switch 14 and the multiplier 15, by means of which they are subjected to a weighting or masking process to be explained, to the minimum threshold correction stage 11, in which all those directed (and previously corrected for tone) difference values that have a predetermined minimum threshold not exceed, be eliminated so that they are no longer included in the further evaluation.
- the minimum threshold can be the same for all pixels due to the masking or weighting of the difference values to be explained. More about tint and minimum threshold correction can be found in DE-A-26 20611, in which the following Starbucksberg evaluation stage 12 is also described in detail.
- An essential feature of the Starbucksberg method is that the difference values of the individual pixels are not considered in isolation, but always in connection with the difference values of the surrounding points, whereby the respective surrounding points are still given a distance-dependent weight.
- the difference values of each test specimen are stored in the image 101 via the switch 14 in the memory 101 and then shifted in the shift stage 102 such that they coincide with the pixels of any of the three templates, preferably those with the most pronounced and thus most error-prone image structures.
- the shift stage 102 is constructed in the same way as stages 5-7. It causes an amount of the same amount but in the opposite direction to level 7.
- the shifted or position-corrected difference values are now stored in the two accumulators 104 and 105 in the two accumulators 104 and 105, separated by signs, using the data switch 103, which is controlled by the sign detector 114.
- these points are now assigned a lower error sensitivity, that is to say the device is set such that, at such critical points, it reacts weakly to errors which are expressed in reflectance difference values, the greater the total error or mean determined in the statistical analysis Error in these places is. This is done by multiplying the individual difference values by an individual weighting factor in stage 15, the weighting factors being chosen to be smaller for pixels with a larger statistical error and larger for pixels with a smaller statistical error.
- the positive and negative total values in the accumulators are first subjected to a correction in stages 106 and 107 and then averaged in stages 108 and 109, and the reciprocal values are formed from the mean values.
- These resiprok values are now stored in the mask memories 110 and 111, separated by sign, in terms of image.
- the sum values from the accumulators are corrected in such a way that for each pixel the sum values of the pixels surrounding it are added with distance-dependent weighting to the sum value assigned to them. It may be sufficient to choose the weighting profile so steep that only a few neighboring points are taken into account. This correction amounts to the fact that the peaks of the error image represented by the individual sum values are flattened somewhat and the important factors or the error sensitivity of the device do not change too suddenly from pixel to pixel.
- a separate error mask is used for positive and negative reflectance value differences. It is e.g. but it is also possible to get by with a single error mask. Instead of the signed errors or difference values, only their absolute amounts would have to be added up and averaged. Alternatively, it would be possible to accumulate and average the difference values by sign, but then only use the absolutely larger of the two positive and negative mean values to form the important factors.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Image Analysis (AREA)
- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
- Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
- Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
- Facsimiles In General (AREA)
- General Factory Administration (AREA)
- Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT79810178T ATE1304T1 (de) | 1978-12-18 | 1979-12-12 | Verfahren zur maschinellen beurteilung der druckqualitaet eines druckerzeugnisses sowie vorrichtung zu dessen durchfuehrung. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1283378 | 1978-12-18 | ||
CH12833/78 | 1978-12-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0012724A1 EP0012724A1 (fr) | 1980-06-25 |
EP0012724B1 true EP0012724B1 (fr) | 1982-06-30 |
Family
ID=4386795
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79810178A Expired EP0012724B1 (fr) | 1978-12-18 | 1979-12-12 | Procédé mécanisé d'estimation de la qualité d'impression d'un produit imprimé ainsi que dispositf pour sa mise en oeuvre |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4311914A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0012724B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS5585992A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE1304T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1128771A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE2963279D1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (117)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8929640B1 (en) | 2009-04-15 | 2015-01-06 | Cummins-Allison Corp. | Apparatus and system for imaging currency bills and financial documents and method for using the same |
US10891475B2 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2021-01-12 | Mitek Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for enrollment and identity management using mobile imaging |
US9141876B1 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2015-09-22 | Cummins-Allison Corp. | Apparatus and system for processing currency bills and financial documents and method for using the same |
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Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3275985A (en) * | 1962-06-14 | 1966-09-27 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Pattern recognition systems using digital logic |
CH555071A (de) * | 1970-10-20 | 1974-10-15 | Peyer Siegfried | Banknotenpruefgeraet. |
AT311097B (de) * | 1972-03-21 | 1973-10-25 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Verfahren zur Messung des Verschmutzungsgrades von Banknoten od.dgl. |
FR2196494B1 (fr) * | 1972-07-28 | 1979-08-03 | Titn | |
CH615031A5 (fr) * | 1976-04-30 | 1979-12-28 | Gretag Ag | |
US4143279A (en) * | 1976-04-30 | 1979-03-06 | Gretag Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for testing the print quality of printed texts, more particularly banknotes |
IT1068657B (it) * | 1976-11-03 | 1985-03-21 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | Metodo perfezionato per il controllo di banconote ed apparecchiature per realizzarlo |
JPS5951031B2 (ja) * | 1976-11-12 | 1984-12-12 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 信号3値化方式 |
-
1979
- 1979-12-11 US US06/102,418 patent/US4311914A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-12-12 DE DE7979810178T patent/DE2963279D1/de not_active Expired
- 1979-12-12 EP EP79810178A patent/EP0012724B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1979-12-12 AT AT79810178T patent/ATE1304T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-12-14 CA CA341,964A patent/CA1128771A/fr not_active Expired
- 1979-12-18 JP JP16368079A patent/JPS5585992A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2963279D1 (en) | 1982-08-19 |
CA1128771A (fr) | 1982-08-03 |
ATE1304T1 (de) | 1982-07-15 |
US4311914A (en) | 1982-01-19 |
JPS5585992A (en) | 1980-06-28 |
EP0012724A1 (fr) | 1980-06-25 |
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