EP0012724A1 - Procédé mécanisé d'estimation de la qualité d'impression d'un produit imprimé ainsi que dispositf pour sa mise en oeuvre - Google Patents

Procédé mécanisé d'estimation de la qualité d'impression d'un produit imprimé ainsi que dispositf pour sa mise en oeuvre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0012724A1
EP0012724A1 EP79810178A EP79810178A EP0012724A1 EP 0012724 A1 EP0012724 A1 EP 0012724A1 EP 79810178 A EP79810178 A EP 79810178A EP 79810178 A EP79810178 A EP 79810178A EP 0012724 A1 EP0012724 A1 EP 0012724A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
difference values
values
pixels
point
individual
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79810178A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0012724B1 (fr
Inventor
Josef A. Huber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gretag AG
Original Assignee
Gretag AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gretag AG filed Critical Gretag AG
Priority to AT79810178T priority Critical patent/ATE1304T1/de
Publication of EP0012724A1 publication Critical patent/EP0012724A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0012724B1 publication Critical patent/EP0012724B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • G07D7/202—Testing patterns thereon using pattern matching
    • G07D7/206—Matching template patterns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the mechanical assessment of the print quality of a printed product by point-by-point comparison of the test specimen to be assessed with a template, forming the difference values between the reflectance values of the individual pixels of the test specimen obtained by point-by-point photoelectric scanning and the reflectance values of the pixels of the template corresponding to the specimen pixels Processing and evaluation of the difference values thus obtained according to certain criteria.
  • DE-OS 26 20 611 states that the minimum threshold should not be the same over the entire image area, but could also be selected locally, for example in the area of a watermark. Although this procedure already produces very good results, ie a relatively low frequency of incorrect assessments, it has been shown that these measures are not always sufficient.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving a method of the type defined at the outset in such a way that it works more reliably and leads to fewer incorrect assessments of the test specimen. According to the invention, this is achieved by the measures specified in claim 1.
  • Error-free printed products are understood to mean those that contain no or only tolerable errors.
  • the selection of suitable error-free printed products is carried out by visual inspection.
  • the drawing which is a block diagram shows a device suitable for carrying out the method, explained in more detail.
  • DE-OS 26 20 767 US Patent Application Ser. No. 791 140/77
  • DE-OS 26 20 765 US Patent Application Ser. No. 790 606/77
  • DE-OS 26 20 611 US Patent Application Ser. No.
  • the device comprises a relative position determination stage 17, an (electronic) switch 14, a multiclicator 15 and an error statistics stage 16, which in turn has a memory 101, a shift stage 102, a data switch 103, two accumulators 104 and 105, two correction stages 106 and 107, two mean and reciprocal value formers 108 and 109, two weighting factor memories 110 and III, a second data switch 112, a further shift stage 113 and a sign detector 114.
  • Sampling device instead of the four separate scanning devices 1-4, of course, only one could also be used Sampling device and three suitable memories may be provided, the individual partial image templates first being scanned sequentially and the resulting sample values having to be written into the respective memory in terms of images.
  • Very high quality printed products e.g. Banknotes and other securities are usually produced in several passes using different printing technologies (gravure, letterpress, offset printing).
  • different printing technologies gravure, letterpress, offset printing.
  • the use proposed in DE-OS 26 20 767 allows a plurality of partial templates, the image content of which only corresponds to the image content of the printed product generated with one of the different printing technologies more precise testing.
  • test object and the template are known in relation to any fixed coordinate system (usually the scanning pattern of the test object).
  • any fixed coordinate system usually the scanning pattern of the test object.
  • NEN position determining device 17 In the most detailed description in DE-OS 26 20 765 (US Patent Application Ser. No. 790 606/77) NEN position determining device 17, three pairs of relative coordinates ⁇ x, ⁇ y are therefore determined between the respective test object and the three templates. The directly ascertained or stored sample values of the three templates are then shifted in the shift stages 5, 6 and 7 by the coordinates ⁇ x, ⁇ y assigned to them so that all pixels of all three templates are congruent with those of the respective test object. How this is done in detail is described in detail in the aforementioned DE-OS 26 20 767 (US Patent Application Ser. No. 791 140/77).
  • the remission values of the three sub-templates that have been shifted or corrected in this way are then linked to one another in the combination stage 8 by simple multiplication, and then result in the overall template, which is compared in stage 9 with the respective test item point by point.
  • the reflectance value differences .DELTA.I i generated by comparison stage 9 form a difference image of the test object compared to the composite template.
  • These reflectance value differences ⁇ I i are first subjected to a tint correction in stage 10, an average value being formed from the difference values of a certain surrounding area of each pixel and subtracted from the difference value of the respective pixel. This tint correction is intended to avoid incorrect assessments due to minor tint deviations of the test specimen.
  • the difference values corrected in this way then arrive via the switch 14 and the multiplier 15, by means of which they are subjected to a weighting or masking process to be explained, to the minimum threshold correction stage 11, in which all those directed (and previously corrected for tone) difference values that have a predetermined minimum threshold Not exceeded, are eliminated so that they are no longer included in the further evaluation.
  • the minimum threshold can be the same for all pixels due to the masking or weighting of the difference values to be explained. More information on tint and minimum threshold correction can be found in DE-OS 26 20 611 (US Patent Application Ser. No. 790 656/77), in which the following Starbucksberg evaluation stage 12 is also described in detail.
  • An essential feature of the Starbucksberg method is that the difference values of the individual image points are not considered in isolation, but always in connection with the difference values of the environment points, whereby the respective environment points are still given a distance-dependent weight.
  • the retrieval or extraction maybe factors by which each individual difference value is multiplied by a larger number will be based on a statistical analysis of errors by visual examination found to be good printing products. Products which do not contain any visually recognizable or at least only tolerable defects are understood to be "good”.
  • the "good" test specimens are then successively compared point by point with the test templates also provided for the later machine testing of the actual test objects and the resulting difference values DI i are corrected.
  • the difference values of each test object are stored in the image 101 via the switch 14 in the memory 101 and then shifted in the shift stage 102 such that they correspond to the pixels of any of the three templates, preferably those with the most pronounced and thus coincide with the most vulnerable image structures.
  • the shift stage 102 is constructed in the same way as stages 5-7. It causes an amount of the same amount but in the opposite direction to level 7.
  • the shifted or position-corrected difference values are now stored in the two accumulators 104 and 105, separated by image, via the data switch 103, which is controlled by the sign detector 114.
  • the accumulators will contain an image of the reflectance value differences summed over all test objects in each individual pixel. These difference totals now provide information about which parts of the printed product are critical and / or have systematic errors or at which points tolerable errors occur particularly frequently and can therefore easily lead to incorrect evaluations of the printed product.
  • these points are now assigned a lower error sensitivity, that is to say the device is set such that, at such critical points, it reacts weakly to errors which are expressed in reflectance difference values, the greater the total error or mean determined in the statistical analysis Error in these places is. This is done by multiplying the individual difference values by an individual weighting factor in stage 15, the weighting factors being smaller for pixels with a larger statistical error and for pixels with a smaller one statistical errors are chosen larger.
  • the positive and negative total values in the accumulators are first subjected to a correction in stages 106 and 107 and then averaged in stages 108 and 109, and the reciprocal values are formed from the mean values. These reciprocal values are now again stored in the mask memories 110 and 111 separated by sign.
  • the sum values from the accumulators are corrected in such a way that for each pixel the sum values of the pixels surrounding it are added with distance-dependent weighting to the sum value assigned to them. It may be sufficient to choose the weighting profile so steep that only a few neighboring points are taken into account. This correction amounts to the fact that the peaks of the error image represented by the individual sum values are flattened somewhat and the important factors or the error sensitivity of the device do not change too suddenly from pixel to pixel.
  • correction stages 106 and 107 and the mean value reciprocal value formers 108 and 109 need not be present twice, but that one of the two is sufficient, in which case the contents of the accumulators would then have to be processed sequentially.
  • the entire electronic part of the device provided that it is not purely analogue areas, is expediently not realized in hand-held items, but by a suitably programmed electronic computer.
  • a separate error mask is used for positive and negative reflectance value differences. It is e.g. but it is also possible to get by with a single error mask. Instead of the signed errors or difference values, only their absolute amounts would have to be added up and averaged. Alternatively, it would be possible to accumulate and average the difference values separately according to the sign, but then only use the absolutely larger of the two positive and negative mean values to form the important factors.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Image Analysis (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Facsimiles In General (AREA)
  • General Factory Administration (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
EP79810178A 1978-12-18 1979-12-12 Procédé mécanisé d'estimation de la qualité d'impression d'un produit imprimé ainsi que dispositf pour sa mise en oeuvre Expired EP0012724B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79810178T ATE1304T1 (de) 1978-12-18 1979-12-12 Verfahren zur maschinellen beurteilung der druckqualitaet eines druckerzeugnisses sowie vorrichtung zu dessen durchfuehrung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1283378 1978-12-18
CH12833/78 1978-12-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0012724A1 true EP0012724A1 (fr) 1980-06-25
EP0012724B1 EP0012724B1 (fr) 1982-06-30

Family

ID=4386795

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79810178A Expired EP0012724B1 (fr) 1978-12-18 1979-12-12 Procédé mécanisé d'estimation de la qualité d'impression d'un produit imprimé ainsi que dispositf pour sa mise en oeuvre

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4311914A (fr)
EP (1) EP0012724B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5585992A (fr)
AT (1) ATE1304T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1128771A (fr)
DE (1) DE2963279D1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2132756A (en) * 1982-12-17 1984-07-11 Laurel Bank Machine Co Paper sheet discriminating apparatus
EP0067898B1 (fr) * 1981-06-22 1986-04-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Système d'identification de billets de banque
EP1600293A3 (fr) * 2004-05-25 2007-12-19 Komori Corporation Procédé et dispositif pour régler la quantité d'encre dans une machine à imprimer

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US9141876B1 (en) 2013-02-22 2015-09-22 Cummins-Allison Corp. Apparatus and system for processing currency bills and financial documents and method for using the same
US9536139B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-01-03 Mitek Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for assessing standards for mobile image quality

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US3725667A (en) * 1970-10-20 1973-04-03 Peyer S Bank note testing apparatus
DE2310882A1 (de) * 1972-03-21 1973-10-04 Gao Ges Automation Org Verfahren zur messung des verschmutzungsgrades von banknoten oder dergl
FR2196494A1 (fr) * 1972-07-28 1974-03-15 Titn
DE2620611A1 (de) * 1976-04-30 1977-11-10 Gretag Ag Verfahren zur beurteilung eines druckerzeugnisses
FR2370327A1 (fr) * 1976-11-03 1978-06-02 Nuovo Pignone Spa Procede de verification de billets de banque et appareil de mise en oeuvre du procede

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US3275985A (en) * 1962-06-14 1966-09-27 Gen Dynamics Corp Pattern recognition systems using digital logic
US4143279A (en) * 1976-04-30 1979-03-06 Gretag Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for testing the print quality of printed texts, more particularly banknotes
JPS5951031B2 (ja) * 1976-11-12 1984-12-12 株式会社日立製作所 信号３値化方式

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3725667A (en) * 1970-10-20 1973-04-03 Peyer S Bank note testing apparatus
DE2310882A1 (de) * 1972-03-21 1973-10-04 Gao Ges Automation Org Verfahren zur messung des verschmutzungsgrades von banknoten oder dergl
FR2196494A1 (fr) * 1972-07-28 1974-03-15 Titn
DE2620611A1 (de) * 1976-04-30 1977-11-10 Gretag Ag Verfahren zur beurteilung eines druckerzeugnisses
FR2370327A1 (fr) * 1976-11-03 1978-06-02 Nuovo Pignone Spa Procede de verification de billets de banque et appareil de mise en oeuvre du procede

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EP0067898B1 (fr) * 1981-06-22 1986-04-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Système d'identification de billets de banque
GB2132756A (en) * 1982-12-17 1984-07-11 Laurel Bank Machine Co Paper sheet discriminating apparatus
EP1600293A3 (fr) * 2004-05-25 2007-12-19 Komori Corporation Procédé et dispositif pour régler la quantité d'encre dans une machine à imprimer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0012724B1 (fr) 1982-06-30
DE2963279D1 (en) 1982-08-19
CA1128771A (fr) 1982-08-03
ATE1304T1 (de) 1982-07-15
US4311914A (en) 1982-01-19
JPS5585992A (en) 1980-06-28

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